Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park: The beautiful era of "return of the king"

Text/Green China Rong Media Intern Reporter Xu Zihan

July 29th is the twelfth Global Tiger Day. According to the latest data from the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, in the Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park with more than 14,000 square kilometers, the number of wild Northeast Tigers and Northeast leopards has been increased from 27 and 42 in 2017 to 50 and 60 respectively. The population has shown a trend of obviously spreading to China. Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park span Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, adjacent to Russia and North Korea. It is distributed in my country's largest and only wild Siberian tiger and Northeast leopard population. The types of vegetation in the park are diverse and the ecological structure is relatively complete. It is a typical representative of the temperate forest ecosystem. This is not only the park of tiger leopards, but also the homeland of many forest elves.

Northeast Tiger, I am the king, who am I afraid of

A healthy Northeast tiger was leisurely "pressing the road", and then trotted, and a step into the mountain forest on the right side of the highway. This is a video of several citizens who occasionally in Xichun City at the beginning of this year and took down the mobile phone. Some netizens ridiculed, "The" king 'also went down the mountain for the New Year. " Since then, there have been many local people and the Northeast tiger many times. However, the Northeast Tiger is either lazy to bask in the sun, or opposite you, and then leave disdain. Look. These "kings" down the mountain are not accidental, but a microcosm of the Northeast Tiger's "return of the king".

Siberian tiger, also known as the Siberian tiger, has a history of 3 million years of evolution. It is the largest tiger in the world. The average adult male tiger weighs 250 kg and the body length can reach 2.3 meters. , Known as the king of the king. Its body is thick and perfect, and the strong muscles on the back and forelimbs are undulating in the movement. The huge limbs are pushing forward. It is so stable and quiet, but it contains explosive tension. It is lonely, suspicious, fierce, and often moves alone. It has a fixed territory and is impermanent in the jungle, so it is difficult for ordinary people to see the wild Northeast tiger.

△ Photo by Tiger Valley of Tiger Tiger

The area of ​​the Siberian tiger activity is snowing all year round, and the temperature can be as low as minus 40 degrees. They have also evolved the adaptability to the cold environment. Its fur is orange to brown, and has obvious seasonal changes. In winter, the fur becomes pale, helps the Siberian tiger to be more concealed in the snow, and the length can be nearly doubled to better maintain the body temperature. In the summer, it becomes thinner and darker. Volice in the jungle.

The scope of the Siberian tiger is very wide, with a maximum of 1,000 square kilometers. It is usually far from the human activity area. There are relatively dense vegetation to ambush, and the terrain does not have too steep undulating. Selection of habitat. Siberian tiger's most preferred large prey such as horse deer and wild boars usually lives with many red-pine-broad-leaved mixed forests with many forests in the forest, followed by raviolin. In these areas, the herbaceous plants have sufficient forest space to grow, and at the same time, there are foods such as pine nuts and oaks. Therefore, these areas are also the favorite hunting grounds of Siberian tigers. Northeast tigers do not like to prey on small prey such as hare, because the energy provided is not even enough to chase the energy consumed. Among the large animals, the Grizzlies even appeared in the recipes of Siberian tigers, with a proportion of 2-3%.

Siberian tiger is one of the flagship species of global biological diversity protection, and has been widely distributed in Northeast China. In the past century ago, for various reasons, wild Northeast Tiger population has shrunk rapidly. In 1998, a joint investigation of the Chinese and Russian and the United States and the United States made a judgment that only 12 to 16 wild Siberian tigers were stored in China at that time. The Northeast tiger at the top of the food chain of the forest ecosystem is a symbol of ecological health, and its "disappearance" means the imbalance of the ecosystem. Protecting wild Northeast tiger and leopards not only protect single species, but also protect the connected habitat, healthy vegetation structure and complete food chain. In recent years, the vigorous implementation of various protection measures has achieved remarkable results. Monitoring data shows that during the pilot period from 2016 to 2020, the forest accumulation increased by 5.2%. Growth. Related data show that before the establishment of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, 33%of the Northeast Tiger cubs can survive to adulthood, but now at least 50%of the Northeast Tiger cubs can survive to adulthood.

Northeast leopard loves the mirror of the mirror

After speaking, the other protagonist of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park is coming. It has beautiful patterns, flexible and agile, jumping, and majestic. It is another king at the top of the forest food chain -Northeast Leopard. The number of them is less than the Siberian tiger, of course, it is difficult to meet.

Recently, the staff of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park conducted an animal mirror experiment to test whether the animals had self -awareness and recorded their reactions. One of the northeast leopards, which "shown the mirror" for the first time, smelled his head and smelled his claws, and then lay down in the mirror. It seemed that the leopard in the mirror was eventually it was himself, and he refused to leave for a long time. Experts said that the Northeast Leopard was very curious about the mirror in the experiment and was very vigilant. However, as the number of mirrors increases, it will slowly adapt, and the number of times appearing in the mirror is becoming more and more frequent. Sometimes this Northeast leopard even stays in front of the mirror for a long time, and will put a different posture, which seems to be fascinated by itself. From these behaviors, they may understand that the image in the mirror is themselves. Is it very "narcissistic"? Don't look at the Northeast Leopard very narcissistic. People call the "two kings" in the Northeast official, which shows its strength. The Northeast Leopard, also known as the "Far East Leopard", is a sub -species of Leopard. It is a large cat family in the northern cold zone area second only to the Siberian tiger. The northeast leopard body is 0.8-1.4 meters, the tail length is about 1 meter, and the weight is 25-48 kg. The male is slightly larger than the female. The body hair is about 2.5 cm in spring and summer. Light gray long hair came to the cold. Their small tails have long tails, well -figure, short limbs, and their sense of vision, hearing, and smell are very developed. There are 5 toes in front of the front foot, 4 rear feet, and the paws are gray -white, which can retract the paw like a cat. The hair is mainly yellow, and the black ring spots are covered at the same time; the spots on the head are small and dense, and the spots on the back are dense and larger. It is also known as the "Leopard".

△ Photo by Northeast Leopard Valley Pakistani

Northeast leopards generally live in forests, shrubs, wetlands, deserts and other environments. Their nests are mostly built in thick trees, shrubs, or caves. They like to live alone, rest on trees or caves during the day, and sunlight through the forest and sprinkle on the fur covered with spots. It is difficult to discover its existence. In the evening, I came out to travel for food, and I didn't rest until Tianming. They often prey for various hoofs, as well as monkeys, rabbits, rats, birds and fish, and they also eat sweet berries in autumn. In a place with rich food, the scope of activities is relatively fixed. When the food is lacking, it wander dozens of kilometers for food, and occasionally sneak into the village at night to steal poultry and livestock.

Northeast leopard moves agile, good at climbing trees, but does not like swimming. The temperament is extremely fierce, the canine teeth are large and sharp, and the cracks are particularly developed, which is conducive to capture and tearing prey. If you are strong, you can cross the 6 -meter -wide ditch and jump on a 3 -meter -high cliff. There are two main offensive methods when hunting, one is hidden on the tree, so that the prey can be found in height, and its smell will spread with the wind. The species is a sneak attack, sneaks first to approach the prey, and then suddenly jumps out to capture the prey. At that time, the prey that could not be eaten was hung on high branches, so that it was not easy to rot, nor was it easy to be eaten by other animals, and when the food was lacking, they would eat slowly. Its power is amazing and can catch a prey that is half heavier than it. When you can't find food, you can endure a few days of hunger.

The Northeast Leopard is also a predator at the top of this mountain forest food chain. If the Northeast Leopard meets with the Northern Tiger, will there be a fierce battle? The common name of the work will give you the answer. The Northeast Tiger is commonly known as the "King of the Mountains", while the Northeast Leopard makes the "two kings", which proves that the strength of the two is still very different. Although the Northeast Leopard belongs to large cats, its body size is much smaller than that of the Northeast Tiger. The largest Northeast leopard weight is only 108 kg, and the Northern Tiger can reach 350 kg. In the cruel animal world, the body shape means absolute power. It can be seen that the Siberian tiger has an overwhelming advantage, and the two have not had to fight.

Northeast leopard population is scarce than the Northern Tiger, and it is a large -scale cat family with extremely endangered. According to the latest international data statistics, the number of populations has not exceeded 100, and it is only distributed in China and Russia. Its endangered situation has been highly valued by the Chinese government and continuously strengthened protection. The latest monitoring shows that after my country's continuous strengthening of the protection of Tiger and Leopard in Northeast China, the number of species in Heilongjiang Province has gradually increased. Through the repair of the tiger and leopard habitat, the clearing of the forest land and the orderly withdrawal from the development project in an orderly manner. According to the latest monitoring data, there are 7 new leopards in Northeast China, and the number of populations has reached more than 60.

Shob this mink, the mink is authentic

There is also a special animal in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. They do not have the strong shape and biopharm of the Northeast Tiger and the Northeast Leopard, but with their dexterous figure, bright fur and clear eyes, they have captured people's love. This is the sable.

Shob, also known as sable and Lin Mink, the common people call it "big leaves". It is an animal specializing in northern Asia, mainly distributed in Xing'an Ridge and Changbai Mountain. "Northeast Sanbao -Ginseng, Minks, Antler Horn", the "mink" mentioned here refers to the fur of sable, not the currently widely cultivated mink. Although the sable and mink brought the word "mink", they belong to the distant relatives. These two animals belong to the family members of the meat, but the sable is the authentic "mink". Moreover, the process of fertility of the two animals is very different, and it is impossible to hybridize under natural conditions. The sable has black eyes, and the alarm is full of naive. Some sava throats have yellow and white or orange throat, also called mink, and some of the laryngeal spots have been extended to the abdomen. The hair color of the sable body is slightly different due to the different origin. There are darkness, purple, and gray -brown. Some or white needle hairs are called "ink Tibetan beads", which is very beautiful.

△ Shobi Changbai Mountain Lao Wan Photo

Shobi likes to inhabit the coniferous broad -leaved forest and Yahan with coniferous forest at an altitude of 800-1600 meters. Except for female beasts to build nests in stone piles or tree caves, in other seasons, there are wandering lives everywhere. They generally choose to built nests near the water, such as streams, routines, or shores of shallow lakes, and nests near the water.

The sable hole is more particular about it. Generally, it is one -bedroom and one guard. Not only that, there is also the difference between entrance and exit. The entrance is generally opened on the banks of the river or underwater. The cave is very clean. The bedroom is small and round, with a diameter of 20-25 cm. It will store food in it. Once it encounters bad weather or the siege of the hunter, it will also lurk in the cave for several days.

The wild sable is lonely, small and exquisite, and is good at climbing trees, diving and swimming like monkeys, but often live in land, and find food like an owl day and night, and live a "single" life. The gait of sable during the ground is mainly two types: small steps and jumping steps. During the journey, they always run and stop, sniff, and sometimes look around. When predating and avoiding the enemy, running bands and jumps can generally reach about 30 cm. Some people think that it can jump to 2 meters away. Its footprint is a deep nest in deep snow, and clear claw marks can be seen on the slightly snowy ice.

Asanic is very sensitive to the cover of the forest crown. Generally, the crown density and primitive and mature coniferous forests are generally selected. They especially like to live in the needle leaf forest with big trees and downwinds. Generally, they will not appear in the open forestless belt.

Shobi often appears in places with a lot of pine. Because the lush area of ​​the pine is generally a lot of rock gaps, the terrain is relatively high, and the food is rich, creating a good habitat for sable. In summer, these places also produce a large number of berries such as Yue Orange, thick lumens, and flower crickets. These berries are also the main source of food of sable.

The main food of sable is small mammals, accounting for 54.1%of the total amount of food. Most of these small mammals are rodents and are harmful beasts that are harmful to forests. This shows that sable is also a veritable "forest guard". In addition A wild sable can make humans lose less than 1 ton of grain in one year due to capturing animals such as field rat. Shobi also eats birds, insects, plant berries and seeds. Shobi likes to prey for brown back and red back. Their main natural enemies are yellow throat marten and raptors.

Shobi is only once in estrus in a year, and the estrus period is generally from June to August each year. Asas for sables is also relatively long. After successful mating, the female mink is generally 8 months to 9 months. 1-5 perbal, the life life is about 16 to 18 years. The newly born little sable is only about 20 grams. The hair is gray -white, sparse and short, and then gradually turning black. The newly born little sables have no teeth and their eyes are closed. After 30 days, they grow their teeth and slowly open their eyes. Their mother began to teach them to climb trees, prey, and avoid enemy.

The range of male activities is significantly greater than the scope of female activity, and sometimes it can even reach more than 2 times the scope of female activity. This greatly increases the chances of male encounters and the probability of mating reproduction. The sable during the breeding period will build nests in the hidden corner. Natural tree holes and caves are places where they like to live. They will give birth and nurture the children until the little sable leaves the nest.

Shob is also an animal with a sense of domain. They usually live alone, and most of the time do not have a fixed nest. In the case of abundant food, sable, especially the active area between males, does not overlap, and they marked their own territory with urine and footprints.

According to the 1990 scientific research workers survey, there are only about 1,000 wild sables in my country. my country has listed sable as a national first -class protection of wildlife.

The significance of establishing the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park is not only to protect endangered species such as tiger and leopard, but more importantly, it protects the authenticity and integrity of the Ginosaurus's home -wide mixed forest ecosystem. Not only the Hu Xiaoshan forests, but also the leopard jumping Qingchuan, but also to make many lives like sables inhabited and reproduce. This is the meaning of protecting the "umbrella". ("Green China" 2022.8A)

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