Replacing the poor and residents of the poor can not save a city

The author of "Killing a City" grew up in West Village, Manhattan, Manhattan, USA. Under the pen of Jane Jacobs, the author of "Death and Life of the American Cities", it can be called a community model -a small and changing street landscape, different occupations, classes, and races.

As early as the early 1980s, Peter's parents bought the property at a low price. When he grew up, the Moscow Vitz family became the only primitive resident, and the rest of the land became a high price of real estate, which was sold by millionaires and billionaires (they sold weapons to the US government or traded stocks on Wall Street. ) Buy. When he grew up, Peter, who could not afford to buy real estate in Xicun because of his family, moved to Brooklyn. There, he found that he had reached the other end and became a young white who replaced primitive members in the colored human community. "What kind of system has turned the community I grew up into a high -end shopping center for billionaires, and it has also made me a person who crowded out others?" He issued such questions.

01 gentlemanization: expel the poor, introduce the rich

Moscow Vitz first took us to New Orleans, one of the most diverse and most interesting cities in the United States. Here, the common culture, language, and architectural style are also the place where the black jazz was initiated. However, after Hurricane Carterina, everything changed.

The governor Catherine Branko said: "Use the storm of a lifetime to create the opportunity of life." A real estate investor working in the Transportation Bureau said, "We do not want people before the storm to return here." The New York Times "The columnist David Brooks said in an article in the hurricane's article:" If people come back, New Orleans will once again become a poverty -stricken city of crime, why should we allow this situation? " This logic.

New Orleans' public housing projects are basically closed and private housing replaces it; public schools are closed and become franchise schools; teachers who join the union are fired and need to apply for work and new non -trade schools. Today, the city has returned to the population in front of Cartre Hurricane, but the black residents have reduced 100,000 people than in front of the storm. The same chain brands have settled in, and the humane diverse communities are gradually declining.

Investment capital flows to a place with existing existence but decreased, this is gentlemanization. From the perspective of Peter Moscow Vitz, the most fundamental meaning of the words of gentlemanization is to change the space provided by the city to the poor and the middle class into a space for rich people to accumulate capital. The use of hurricanes to realize the practice of gangsters by Hurricane is also in line with the picture depicted by the book "Segurmism: the Rise of Disaster Capitalism". In recent decades, a new type of disaster capitalism has emerged worldwide -private consortia has formed an alliance with political power, using the state of shock caused by war, coup, and even natural disasters to implement a radical and thorough free market and privatization policy.

The consequences caused by the gentlemanization are that poor workers and middle -class systems are displaced, and it seems to disappear overnight, and then disappear is their churches, cultural institutions and other spaces ... For personal? In cities that are supported by finance, municipalities develop low -income and middle -income communities for their citizens; once they lose support, the city will start to attract rich residents to support their taxation foundation. Keynes' welfare countries no longer exist, and the inequality that is protected by public policies and is used to balance capitalism has gradually been disintegrated, from a space -led new liberalism.

Specifically, when the story begins with the Great Depression, when the U.S. suburbs are built. The federal government subsidizes the white mortgage loans and scratched the red line to the colorful people community, which means that "banks cannot lend here" and determine the size and number of these communities based on the number of people living in it. This approach will push a whole generation of white people to the suburbs, give them wealth in the form of housing, and create the core of the city that does not invest at all. After the 21st century, thoughts have changed, and the built -up suburbs are considered boring. The commute time is absurd, and more and more people are no longer willing to live there. At this time, the cheap inner city became a very good investment. At the same time, the United States' taxation to the richest people has become lower -this money has been used to pay for public transportation, public housing, housing subsidies and other costs, but now it has dropped sharply. The only way to attract the rich is combined with the interest of developers to buy real estate at a low price.

02 The development of the city is very complicated, and the gentry is very simple

The choice made by politicians, business leaders and developers, and its impact on the poor is extremely similar in many cities in the United States. In order to give way to the new residents, the existing communities and blocks have been demolished and replaced, and the more distinctive and cheaper communities gradually become a bland high -priced real estate cluster.

Under the trend of gentleness, poverty has not disappeared, and those who return home still exist. The violence related to poverty continued to intensify, but it was pushed out of sight. In Detroit, Moscow Vitz discovered two sides of the city: the rich white people occupied 7.2 square miles of the bustling city center, and many African -American Americans struggled to survive in the ruins of the remaining 135 square miles. African Americans account for 83%of the population, and many people endure serious poverty, loss of mortgage redemption, water break, depression and disease. The economic problems of the city are complex and difficult to solve. Only the gentry is a relaxed choice. Former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg once proposed: "If we can let a few billionaires live in New York, many of our problems will be resolved." This is the way of thinking about urban development -how to make as much as possible as possible as possible How many rich people live in?

Policy makers also declare that serving the rich people is the ultimate purpose of providing funds for cities through a trickle effect and paying the basic necessities of the city. The concept of the trickle effect believes that tax reduction to the rich, stimulating economic growth, driving investment, increasing the total wealth of society, and increasing wealth can eventually trickle them on other groups, thereby benefiting everyone. What is the actual effect? Ouyang Hui, a professor at the Yangtze River Business School, and Wu Nuo, a professor at the Central University of Finance and Economics, wrote that both Reagan and Trump have implemented this policy to reduce the tax reduction of the rich people than the low -income people. "The rich people have benefited, but the effect of tricky is difficult to see. The final result is that unequal to expand significantly."

03 Rest up everyone and push down the first level

If a person can afford the cost of life after the gentleness, is it worth proud? The crisis is not far away.

"Killing a City" wrote, "If the city is a ladder, the gentry has pushed everyone down the first level, and the most vulnerable people are thoroughly pushed down, and the middle class will fall to the bottom, even there are even some, or even there are even some. The money people will also feel the pressure from the upper level. "Only those who do not rely on the government -have private transportation, can afford high tuition fees for private schools, have money to buy real estate and receive rental prices can people can be able to fluctuate. Completely "floating on the waves that set off the gangsters."

"Kill a City"

[Beauty] Peter Moscowitz translated with Wubina

Shanxi Education Publishing House 2022

U.S. cities, states, and federal governments are using action that if a person wants to live in these places, he must have money. People must be able to afford the qualifications of their apartments and gyms they live in, and people must be a parent -funded person to continue that life. "Anyone who moves to New York now must find an annual salary of $ 100,000 or $ 200,000, which means working in the financial department and working in the advertising department. How do you become a radical, how to be a writer, and how to be a person who supports the actual development of the society? It is impossible. "Peter Moscowitz said in an interview.

He believes that some practices are even deliberate -how to prevent objections? The funding of artists with different opinions can be done. The approach of gentleness is similar to it, but the scale is larger. The reason is simple. "The more people restrain people in the capitalist system, the smaller the room for concessions they will be."

Reference materials:

To reduce the gap between the rich and the poor, we got three inspirations from other countries

https://www.thepaper.cn/newsdetail_forward_17804833

Peter Moskowitz: Gentrification is Killing Entire Cities

https://scheerpost.com/2017/06/16/Peter-moskowitz- Gentrification-s-killing- enties/

Source: Interface News

Author: Pan Wenjie

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