That summer, 35 people in Guangzhou died of it, and 770 in Shanghai

Since June 13, the heat wave has swept most of China, more than 900 million Chinese, and has been suffering for a long 33 days in the "burning" model.

Recently, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Beijing and other places have appeared unfortunate incidents of high temperatures, which makes people feel helpless.

In fact, every time the heat wave strikes, it will take away the valuable life of many people.

Among them, the heat wave in the summer of 2003 caused 35 people to die in Guangzhou, and 770 excess death in Shanghai (compared to normal, more deaths).

Similar heat waves, why are the number of deaths different?

Who is the most vulnerable crowd in the heat wave?

Looking back at what happened that year, it may be able to provide a reference for those who are enduring the heat.

01

Vulnerable group: women, elderly people, blue -collar

Let's take a look at a heat wave in 2005.

From July 13th to 21st, 2005, the maximum temperature in Guangzhou for 9 consecutive days exceeded 35 ° C, which is a typical heat wave.

Scholars such as Yang Jun of Southern Medical University and Liu Huazhang of the Guangzhou Disease Prevention and Control Center, after comparing the statistical data of the summer reference period, believed that this heat wave caused 145 people to die.

The results of this research were released in "Biomedical and Environmental Science" in 2013.

For these 145 cases of excess death, analyze from different angles:

According to the disease,

76 people died of cardiovascular disease, an increase of 34%over the reference period;

33 people died of respiratory diseases, an increase of 31%over the reference period.

Researchers believe that exposure to extremely thermal environments may lead to cardiovascular stress, including changes in blood pressure and vascular contraction, and cause pathological reactions in the epithelium of the respiratory tract, which leads to an increase in death of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

According to age, as many as 142 elderly people over 75 years old, accounting for 98%. It is mainly because aging will reduce the temperature adjustment function of the body, and at the same time increase the use of chronic diseases and drugs, leading to susceptible thermal stress.

In terms of gender, as many as 119 women are four times that of men. The verification evidence shows that due to the difference in the functional differences between the potential physiology and body temperature, women are more hot -resistant than men.

According to the occupation, the blue -collar worker is 95, accounting for 2/3. As we all know, blue -collar workers are engaged in physical work such as manufacturing, mining, construction, and maintenance, and are more frequent and densely exposed to extreme high temperature outdoors than white -collar workers. In addition, they can use air conditioners less at home or where they work.

At the same time, their basic health state and acceptable medical level have a certain relationship.

02

The earlier the heat wave, the greater the harm

Overall:

The heat waves with a 9 -day period (began on July 13) and the average temperature of 37 ° C in 2005, which caused 145 people to die, an increase of 23%over the reference period.

As a comparison:

A 6 -day (starting June 28) with an average temperature of 37.6 ° C in 2004 (began on June 28), which caused 154 people to die, an increase of 28%over the reference period;

A 5 -day (starting July 28th) with an average temperature of 36 ° C in 2003 (began on July 28), and only caused excess death of 35 people, an increase of only 8%compared with the reference period.

Researchers believe that the heat waves occur earlier, longer, and stronger, and the impact on health will be more obvious.

03

Shanghai: Two heat waves take 770 people

It is worth noting that the two heat waves that happened in the same city in the same city will also be very different.

In 2003, Shanghai suffered two heat wave attacks,

The first heat wave started on July 19, which lasted for 19 days, causing excess death 657, an increase of 16%over the reference period;

The second heat wave started on August 23, which lasted for 14 days, causing 113 people to die, only 3%more than the reference period;

The excess death in the first heat wave is much higher than the second time.

Researchers analyze that there are three reasons:

1. The early warning system does not remind people in time to take preventive measures on extreme hot weather. Therefore, the influence of the first heat wave in early summer on health is more serious.

2. The first and second heat waves are only 2 weeks apart. Most of the most vulnerable groups may have died in the first heat wave, leaving only a small part of the fragile group and continuing to bear the second heat wave.

3. After the first heat wave, people have a physiological and behavioral adaptation of the hot summer weather. They have taken preventive measures during the second heat wave period, such as avoiding work, high temperature travel, increasing the use of air conditioners or increasing moisture and moisture and moisture and moisture and water. Nutritional intake. These measures have reduced the harm of the second heat wave.

04

9 risk factors

Studies have shown that the following risk factors are easier to cause diseases in high temperature weather:

1. Cognitive disorder and mental illness

2. Heart and lung disease

3. Limited use of air conditioners

4. Drinking and drug use

5. Obesity

6. Physical disability

7. Poor health level

8. Strong outdoor activities on the hottest daytime day

9. Residents living in higher floors

Recognize these dangerous factors and combine the fragile groups (women, elderly, blue collar) mentioned earlier, help prevent preventive measures for heat waves and minimize damage.

On July 14, the "Metropolis Express" stated that a 70 -year -old man in Hangzhou felt that he could not blow the air conditioner because he had heart disease. As a result, he died of "thermal radiation disease" at home and died after the rescue. Doctors remind that the elderly are fragile groups. They must learn lessons. Do not "hardly resist" high temperatures for power saving or other reasons.

As for those who have to work outdoors at high temperatures, such as "big white", sanitation workers, construction workers, courier brothers, takeaway brothers, traffic police, etc., are also deserved groups.

A few days ago, a company in Guangdong developed wearable air -conditioning protective clothing: put on this air -conditioning uniform, only 3 minutes, it can quickly reduce the temperature to 16 ° C. I hope that the "big white" of outdoor work can use this cooling artifact.

Before this artifact is popular, if you meet them on the road, you will get a bottle of ice drink, is it good?

Reference materials:

[1] Yang, J., Li, H. Z., Quan, O. C., Lin, G. Z., DING, Y., & ZHOU, Q., et al. (2013). Impact of Heat Wave in 2005 on Mortality in Guangzhou, China . Biomedical and Environmental Science: English version, 26 (8), 8.

[2] Xing, B. A., CW, A., CW, B., YONG, W. C., XW, D., & CS, E. E., et al. IMPACTS of Air Tempeature and Its Extremes on Human Mortality in Sunghai, China.

[3] A, L. B., B, G. D., A, S. G., C, P. B., D, B. S., & D, ET Al. (2014). The effects of summer temporature and heat waves on heat-related Illness in a Coastal City of China, 2011–2013. Environmental Research, 132, 212-219.

Author: Dongdong | Editor: Bu Gun Xiaoxue | Review: Lao Bai

Picture source network, Pixabay picture network, infringement deletion.

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