Studies show that the sun will become fat!There are differences in men and women

Obesity is not only a simple body bloated, it has been upgraded to one of the most serious chronic diseases in human beings. The Chinese obesity and control of the Blue Books announced by the Chinese Nutrition Society pointed out that about 40%of adult obesity or overweight globally globally, and the overweight incidence of middle -aged people is as high as 50%. Therefore, scientific weight loss has become a question of both scientists and the public. "Hold your mouth and open your legs" to become the core idea of ​​scientific weight loss.

Which season exercise is most conducive to weight loss? It is generally believed that summer temperature is high and metabolism is strong. Compared with other seasons, the body is prone to sweating, the calories of intake are easily consumed, reducing the conversion rate of fat. Secondly, the summer metabolism is fast, and the blood of the limbs on the surface of the skin will be supplied, which will reduce the blood supply in the stomach and lead to a decline in digestive tract function. It is easy to appetite in summer, reduce the intake of staple food, and reduce the calories, which will help weight loss. But in summer, sunlight exposure is more than other seasons, will it affect eating and weight?

On July 11, 2022, researchers at the University of Tel Aviv published on the Nature Metabolism of Nature Metabolism entitled: Food-Seeking Behavior Is Triggered by Skin Ultraviolet Exposure in MALES. The study found that sunlight will secrete hunger (GHRELIN) in the skin to stimulate the feeding and weight gain of men (male), but women are not affected. This discovery reveals that the sun can affect the balance of eating behavior and the energy of the whole body, and have different effects on different gender.

The research team first analyzed from the data of large nutrition surveys. In the 3,000 -person data data, the research team found that men's energy intake changes with the season, the highest in summer; while women do not have the corresponding changes in the season.

Compared with women, sunlight irradiation can improve men's energy intake

Under the sun, enhanced lipids and steroid metabolism occur in men, while women have a downward trend. In addition, metabolic-related polypeptides are the most significant affected by the sun, including the Arginase 1 (ARG1) signal pathway in the urea cycle, and the lipoprotein C-I (APO1) signal. Proliferation factor activation receptor (PPAR) signal conduction and cholesterol metabolism central regulator. These data show that although men and women are increasing their response to the environment, reducing the pathway of extracellular vesicles, and metabolism in the immune system and metabolism, men and women have different reactions.

Compared with women, sunlight irradiation can improve men's metabolic level

Researchers further discussed the gender effects of UV exposure in China, exposed the mice in the ultraviolet environment for 10 weeks. After the experiment, it inspected the changes in related protein levels in the blood of mice. It was found that the level and weight of the level and weight of the male mouse blood stimulus (also known as gastric growth hormone release) in the blood of the male mice increased significantly, but the female mice did not change significantly. In addition, male mice show more protein changes related to metabolism than female mice. However, there is no significant difference in the oxygen consumption of male and female mice, indicating that mid -wave ultraviolet rays will not change basic metabolism

Next, researchers explored whether the changes in food intake exposed to UVB's male mice are related to changes in food -related behaviors. The results of the test experiment showed that the number of food particles exposed by UVB (UVB) increased the number of food particles and the time for staying in the test center. At the same time, the level of activity and total activity during the test decreased significantly. Female mice exposed by UVB (UVB) have no obvious similar changes. Although anxiety affects food intake. When there is food, the total time of the male through the test center has been extended to trip, indicating that the male who accepts UVB may experience less anxiety, and its motivation is food.

Daily mid -wave ultraviolet exposure to enhance males to seek food

Mid-wave ultraviolet exposure to the skin will activate P53 and its downstream multi-sets of precursor polypeptide POMC, thereby generating α-MSH (melanocytomosomol), adrenal cortex (ACTH), and endorphins. All three POMC derivatives may be released into the blood.

Researchers have found that UVB is exposed every day, and ACTH, α-MSH, and β-endorphins in men and women's plasma increase significantly. It shows that the increase in male food intake under the exposure of the medium wave UV exposure cannot be explained by the increase of β-endorphins, but there are other unknown factors. Further analysis of mouse plasma after the mid -wave ultraviolet exposure shows that the level of male gastric hunger is significantly higher. Whether it is the total form or activity form (alty -based hunger), it does not exist in females. On the contrary, the level of leptin exposed to UVB is much lower, while women's leverin levels have increased significantly. Compared with the control mice, the absence of food is significantly increased in the stomach of male and female mice after deprivation of food.

UVB exposes ACTH, α-MSH, and β-endorphin in men and women's plasma

Further discovered that UVB exposure significantly increases the key enzyme GHRELIN-O-ACYLTRASFERASE (Goat) 32 and transformed enzyme (PCSK1) 1/3 of the key enzymes in men's skin and its reaction. The exposure of Mid -wave UV (UVB) does not affect the level of gastric starvania in women's skin. After UVB's exposure, the level of leptin expression in men's skin decreased slightly, and the male stomach was significantly reduced. Instead, leptin is significantly reduced in women's skin and mildly decreases in the stomach. After exposed to the mid -wave ultraviolet rays, the level of leptin plasma for female plasma is significantly increased, and leptin regulation must be related to another organ. Mid -wave ultraviolet radiation induces skin fat cells to produce and secrete stomach hunger

Next, the researchers exposed the body's skin to the mid -wave UV radiation (500 mJ/cm2), which was exposed every day (5 days), and found that the level of GHRELIN mRNA expression in the male dermal tissue was significantly increased. Instead, mid -wave ultraviolet rays have no effect on the GHRELIN expression of women's skin. The level of skin epidermis and dermis of men and women has not changed. 8 hours after the exposure of UV exposure in the subcutaneous fat cells, the gastrointestinal protein expresses its peak, but women do not.

Ghrelin mRNA expression level in male lesion adipose tissue significantly increased significantly

In order to determine the function of fat cells under the mid-wave ultraviolet rays, researchers use male LISA-2 cells for differentiation, human female prefabricated fat cells and mouse male 3T3-L1 cells converted into fat-like cells for fat red staining. Cell experiments, the levels of GHRELIN, Goat, and PCSK1 mRNA in the cells treated with ultraviolet rays have increased significantly. UVB treatment has no effect on the expression of fat cells' fat cells in human women. In the UVB cell culture liquid, the secretion of GHRELIN protein has also increased. Adding gastric hungry O-COA-TATTA-TAT inhibitors can reduce the production of gastric hunger.

Ghrelin, Goat, and PCSK1 mRNA levels in in vitro cells treated with ultraviolet treatment significantly increased significantly

Then the researchers tried to reveal the mechanism behind these phenomena. They analyzed the relevant signal pathway. The P53 was the most significant correlation among the key transcription factors. In addition, due to the DNA injury induced by UV, the P53 was directly activated. The expression may be mediated by P53. It was found that UVB irradiated the skin epidermis, dermis and dermis of male and female mice. P53 is not due to the decrease in the expression of the negative adjustment MDM2 in the middle wave ultraviolet effect.

P53 -mediated UVB's expression of ghrelin in fat cells

Molecular biology experiments show that P53 is directly adjusted in P53 in the exposed skin fat tissue exposed by men's UVB. The male mice of the specialty knockout of the P53 gene in subcutaneous fat cells no longer increase feeding under sunlight. The reason why females are not affected is because Estrogen will interfere with the interaction of P53 and ghrelin promoter, inhibit the expression and release of hunger, thereby increasing eating under sunlight.

The male mice of the specialty knockout P53 gene in subcutaneous fat cells will no longer increase eating under sunlight

P53 directly combines the stomach hungry vegetarian starting sub -area to increase its expression

In order to further understand how the solar radiation changes the appetite, the researchers recruited 13 men and 14 women (age 18-55 years) to expose to the sun in the sun for about 25 minutes. It is consistent. These data show that the mid -wave ultraviolet sun exposure, which is equivalent to 2000 mega coke ear/square centimeters, can promote the level of gastrointestinal (total form and activity form) in men's appetite and blood circulation.

The expression of the P53 in the UVB raising P53 activates the promoter of ghrelin to promote the expression and release of hunger.

Gastric actions have anti -inflammatory effects and enhance insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome and II diabetic animals. Patients with loss of appetite should be able to benefit from the treatment of gastric hunger. The study laid the foundation for subsequent research on the role of skin in energy and metabolic stability. However, ultraviolet rays are recognized as carcinogens, and the use of phototherapy should also avoid its side effects in appropriate doses and duration.

references:

Nat metab. 2022 jul 11.DOI: 10.1038/S42255-022-00587-9.

FOOD-Seeking Behavior is Triggered by Skin Ultraviolet Exposure in Males

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