Regulate the rhythm of the intestinal flora, the 8 -hour diet weight loss method already has a scientific basis

In recent years, the intestinal flora has become more and more valued by scientists, and many diseases and intestinal flora disorders have a close relationship. The intestinal flora is a microorganism of the human inner intestine. Different bacteria can synthesize different vitamins necessary for different human body growth and development. It can also synthesize amino acids with protein residues, participate in the metabolism of sugar and protein. Absorption plays a vital role in many physiological processes.

Recent studies have shown that an extra effect of the intestinal microbes is coordinating intestinal and liver day and night rhythm.

The diet, feeding/fasting cycle can drive the day and night oscillation of the intestinal cavity microbial community and secondary metabolites. These oscillating changes are necessary for the expression of the outer peripheral biological clocks and related to control glucose, cholesterol, fatty acid steady state, and the expression of healthy liver and intestinal metabolic regulatory factors of host metabolism. However, there are disadvantages of the relationship between the intestinal microorganisms to study the depletion model of the intestinal microbiology group and the peripheral biological clock. This model method cannot explain whether the diet induced the disturbance of microbial community dynamics will affect the host's metabolism by the same rhythm of day and night.

Limited time feeding (TRF) has many benefits to the host's metabolic health. In mice, high -fat diet models (no matter what kind of fat diet feeds), TRF reduces obesity, inflammation, improves glucose tolerance and cholesterol steady state, and reverses the previous metabolic syndrome. The research of most intestinal microbiological groups is concentrated on the large intestine or easier to get close to the feces. However, other areas of the intestine plays a more important role in metabolic balance in the host, especially the ileum has unique digestion and absorption functions and microbial composition. Nevertheless, there are few studies that emphasize the importance of the ileum microbes and its impact on the health of the host's metabolic health.

On July 5, 2022, scientists from the University of California and other units published in Cell Reports entitled "Diet and Feeding Pattern Modulate Dynamics of the ILeal Microbiome and Transcriptome". The composition of the intestinal flora and the dynamic changes of the transcription group under high -fat diet and the high -fat diet of high -fat diet and time to determine the effects of high -fat diet and eating time on the types of intestinal flora and day and night rhythm.

Researchers first analyzed the effects of HFD and TRF on the composition of iconic microorganisms and day and night rhythm. Collect three sets of mice in a limited -time high -fat diet group (FT), free high -fat diet group (FA) and normal diet group (NA), respectively. Essence

The results showed that under the same heat of food, TRF could improve the weight and blood glucose level induced by high -fat diet. High-fat diet can significantly reduce the A-diversity and β-diversity of the intestinal flora. The composition of the microbial group of the microbial group of the limited -time high -fat diet group and the free high -fat diet group is small, indicating that the type of diet is more affecting the composition of the recovery microbial group than the feeding method. The genus Lupblymis and Danxiabacterium are enriched in a limited time high -fat diet group in the free high -fat diet group. In addition, the abundance of microorganisms that maintain rhythm shock in the free and high -fat diet mice are less than half of the mice of mice in normal diet group, and mice with a limited time high -fat diet and the control group mice have similar levels of cyclical fluctuations, indicating that the microorganisms day and night Rhythm is related to the benefits of metabolic functions.

The research team has studied the relative abundance of the intestinal microbial group under different feeding and feeding conditions, in order to clarify the periodic oscillation of the periodic microorganisms and determine their importance in the metabolism of the host. Results showed that the superior bacteria in all experimental conditions were thick -wall doors, and lactic acid bacteria were found in all experimental groups. The abundance (dark period) during mouse feeding conditions was greatly reduced under high -fat feeding conditions. In addition, a staphylococcus averages and time -limited high -fat dietary group mice have risen rapidly at the beginning of the dark stage.

Then the researchers explored whether the looting genes of the host affect the formation of the intestinal flora and the rhythm of the day and night. Researchers use CRY1; CRY2 double knocking mice (CDKO) testing biological clock gene is important to microbiome dynamics. The microbial rhythm of the CDKO-NA mice completely disappeared. PCOA analyzed the rhythm of the mouse's disorderly feeding and sleeping rhythm. The most common bacterial mice found in the intestine belong to the Department of Venom and Lactic acid bacteria. These results show that the host molecular biological clock is related to the fungus kick -dynamic dynamics, and interfere with the host biological clock may disturb the day and night rhythm of the intestinal flora by interfere with the eating mode.

Because the daily dynamics of microbial communities will affect the liver transcription group, the researchers assume that the intestinal transcription group will also be affected by the internal oscillation of the cavity. Compared with NA, the transition of high -fat diet transition is significantly reduced, and some of the middle FT remain unchanged. Among the three feeding groups, 1862 protein encoded genes with day and night cycle overlap. HFD disturb the rhythm of free high -fat diet mice by inducing the phase transfer of light, and TRF maintains these transcription books in FT mice. This shows that the rhythmic end kinetics is related to TRF's day and night rhythm of the peripheral biological clock. Analysis of common cycle genes between the normal diet group and the limited-time high-fat diet group mice showed that it is related to phospholipid metabolism, autophagy, and day and night rhythm. HFD destroys the main day and night rhythm genes including Rev-Erb, Per3, CLOCK, BMAL1 And Cry1, all these genes remain unchanged in TRF. Mouse's sausage samples are different under different diet and breeding conditions, which may indicate that the separate metabolic format does not determine the transcription activity of the ileum. TRF has a greater impact on gene expression, such as increasing the number of back genes in FT and FA more than NA and FA. HFD can destroy the dynamic day and night changes of the gene transcription group.

The level of gene expression of the genetic expression of bacterial immune response is reduced, especially the ⍺-DEFENSINS.

TRF improves the insulin sensitivity and obesity of HFD mice. So how can the eating method affect the intestinal metabolic signal pathway in the context of the intestinal microbial group and the ibu clock to maintain oscillation day and night? Researchers have found that high-fat diet damage GLP-1 (a major blood glucose regulating ilear hormone) and bile acid signal pathway, but the TRF diet can reverse damaged signal channels. GCG and DPP4 have decreased in the free high -fat diet and lost the rhythm of day and night. However, TRF maintains the day and night dynamics of the two and leads to changes in gene expression of other transfer proteins participating in the GLP-1 signal transition. In addition, the bile acid pool, transfer, re -absorbing and signal conduction are also damaged in the free and high -fat diet group, but it can still be reversed by TRF.

In summary, the oscillation of the formation of the intestinal microorganisms is critical to the normal week and night rhythm, and the two are disrupted in diet induced obesity (DIO). Although the limited time feeding (TRF) maintains the synchronization of day and night rhythm and prevents the occurrence of DIO, it has little impact on the dynamic dynamics of the intestinal microbial group. Therefore, other areas of the intestine, especially the central intestinal, the center of the intestine, the center of insulin and bile acid signal, may play an important role in affecting the rhythm of the outer week and night. The study proves the effects of diet and feeding rhythm on the composition and transcription group of mice's meal microbial group. DIO inhibits the dynamic rhythm of the composition of the icing microbial group and the transcription group. The TRF section restores the day and night rhythm of the iconic microbial group and the transcription group, increases the release of GLP-1, and changes the intestinal bile acid pool and FXR signal, which can explain how TRF exerts its metabolic benefits.

The study provides a full exploring data of the recovery microbes and the rhythm of day and night in the transcription group, which provides a scientific basis for fully understanding the relationship between the intestinal flora and the occurrence of the disease. Functional stage trip.

references:

Diet and Feeding Pattern Modulate Diurnal Dynamics of the Ileal Microbiome and Transcriptome.cell REP. 2022 Jul 5; 40 (1): 111008.doi: 10.1016/J.Celrep.2022.111008.

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