"Golden Rules" of thermal radiation prevention and control

Author:Study legion Time:2022.07.03

——Song Qing, the leader of the expert group of thermal radiation prevention and control of the entire army

■ Reporter Sun Xingwei Correspondent Xu Shaoyu

As the actual combat training of the troops advances, the training of officers and soldiers in high temperature and high humidity environment is increasing. Preventing fever is an important part of maintaining the health of officers and soldiers. Professor Song Qing, the leader of the expert group of thermal radiation disease prevention and control, created the "Rule 8-4-6 Law" of thermal radiation prevention and treatment of thermal radiation prevention and control. Today, we invite Professor Song Qing to comprehensively interpret the prevention measures, early warning signals and on -site treatment of thermal radiation.

—— editor

Thermal radiation (severe heat stroke) refers to the long -term exposure of the human body in high temperature, high humidity environment, or high -intensity exercise, which causes dysfunctional dysfunction and excessive heat accumulation in the body. Or clinical syndrome of life -threatening such as severe coagulation dysfunction.

8 preventive measures for thermal radiation disease

"The key to preventing and controlling fever is to prevent prevention." Song Qing said that the implementation of the following eight measures is very important for preventing thermal radiation.

The first is to do a good job of hot habits. The hot -habitation uniforms are to reject the body's adaptive response to the physical, psychological, behavioral, and morphological adaptive reactions, thereby improving the body's tolerance to heat, that is, active thermal adaptation. When officers and soldiers are conducting hot training training, they should gradually increase the amount of exercise on the basis of heat adaptation. For example, first adapt to low -intensity training in the heat environment, and then adapt to high -intensity training in the heat environment. This adaptation process generally takes 10 to 14 days. Here I introduce a standard for judging the strength of the training intensity: the heart rate during exercise is less than 120 times/divided into a low intensity, the heart rate is 120-150 times/divided into medium strength, the heart rate is greater than 150 times/divided into large intensity, the heart rate exceeds 180 more than 180 Second/divide into extreme intensity. Generally, when the body sweats, it indicates that the middle training intensity is reached. The algorithm of the safety of safety and the highest heart rate of young people is (220-age) × 70%, (220-age) × (80%~ 85%). For example, a 20 -year -old soldier, the safety heart rate in the exercise is 140/min, and the highest heart rate is 160 to 170 times/min. If the training center rate is greater than 150 times/minute, and it continues to fall, or if the body temperature is greater than 38.5 degrees Celsius, the training should be terminated and the cooling treatment should be performed immediately.

After the hot training is up to the standard, the chances of heat stroke will become smaller, and even if it happens, it will not be serious. Many units have established the thermal endurance testing room to evaluate the effect of thermal training. The specific method is in a closed space with a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius and a relative humidity of 40%. At a speed of 5 km/h, it walks on a treadmill with a slope of 2%for 2 hours. If the core body temperature difference between the first and second hours of the body is less than 0.25 degrees Celsius, or the core body temperature is less than 38.2 degrees Celsius, and the heart rate is less than 120 times/min, it can be evaluated as good heat tolerance and reaching the standard for hot habits. In the absence of the thermal endurance testing room, you can judge whether the thermal study uniforms meet the standards through simple methods. After 10 to 14 days of hot training training, the same intensity training is performed in a similar temperature and humidity environment. Explain that the hot training uniform meets the standard.

The second is not to advocate to participate in training. When you are sick, your body's resistance decreases, and training is prone to training in hot weather. If you have physical discomfort before the officers and soldiers, such as a cold, fever, and diarrhea, the military doctors should evaluate their health in time and judge whether they can participate in training according to the actual situation. Before training, physical discomfort, taking certain drugs (such as fever, antibiotics, etc.), overweight or obesity, lack of exercise, and patient history (heat stroke or fever) Dangerous factors.

The third is to attach importance to the cooling of the training gap. Clear and training gaps before and training can be cooled down through cold water spray, ice cap and cold neck ring, wet towel and ice bars, soak the forearm and hand in cold water, drink salt -containing ice liquid, etc. to cool down. Do not pick up hats during the scorching sun.

The fourth is hydration and salt. When thirsty wants to drink water, it means that the water deficiency in the body has reached about 2%of weight. If the water deficiency exceeds 2%of the weight, it is prone to heat stroke or even thermal radiation. When officers and soldiers conduct high -intensity training in hot environments, they should timely replenish salt and salt. It is recommended to add 0.5 to 1 liters of salt drinks per hour, and replenish 6 to 8 liters per day. You can determine whether the hydration is sufficient through the color of the urine and the color of the urine. If the amount of urine is small or dark, it means that drinking water is not enough. Here I introduce some salt -replenishment drinks to comrades: "mustard+mineral water" combination, "electrolyte foaming tablet+mineral water" combination, oral tonic salt and other sodium -containing beverages.

Fifth, prepare for the "three treasures" of the heatstroke prevention monitoring. The "Three Treasures" of heat -preventing monitoring are temperature and humidity meters, ear temperature monitors, and finger oxygen detectors, which can be used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the environment, the core temperature of the body and the signs of life. In addition, it is necessary to prepare heatstroke prevention drugs, such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Drip Pills, Ten drops of water, human dan, wind and oil essence, etc.

Sixth, prepare for cooling equipment. It is recommended that officers and soldiers prepare hot -fire rescue bath stretcher combinations, water storage sinks, medical ice caps, ice -necked circles, ice blankets, folding buckets, ice packs, etc. for training before training for emergency cooling.

Seventh is to ensure sufficient sleep. Suffering of sufficient sleep can fully relax the brain and body and help restore physical strength. When comrades -in -arms training in the wild environment can improve the sleep environment by wearing eye masks, thereby ensuring sleep quality. If necessary, you can take sleep aid drugs under the guidance of a military doctor. Eighth is to pay attention to key groups. The key groups mainly include recruits, long -term non -exercise personnel, long -term training personnel in the heat environment, non -heating training training personnel, and leaving the hot environment for 2 weeks. These people have poor thermal tolerances. They must first conduct hot training training and evaluate the effects of thermal training and thermal endurance by health personnel.

4 signals of thermal radiation warning 4 signals

"Pay attention to the 4 signals of thermal radiation warning during training." Song Qing said that if the comrades have the following 4 cases during the training or after training, it is likely to be a precursor to thermal irritation: hot, conscious body hotness (consciously hot body (consciously hot body (consciously hot body (consciously hot body (consciously hot body (consciously hot body (consciously hot (consciousness Heat from the inside); shake, unusually tired, unstable walking; dizziness, dizziness, blurred consciousness, twitching; chaos, face, panic, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms.

Step 6 method of heat radiation treatment

"Once a thermal irritation occurs, the rescue should be implemented quickly, and the proper temperature will be cooled as soon as possible to prevent the patient's body temperature rise instead of immediately." Song Qing said that if the patient's body temperature drops to 38.5 degrees Celsius within 1 hour, It will not be very serious even if there is armal injection. Comrades must keep in mind the 6 -step treatment of thermal radiation.

Go away from the hot environment immediately. If you find that your comrades are shaking or falling, you should immediately support it to the shade of the tree and take off the installation and coat pants for easy heat dissipation. At the same time, call it loudly to evaluate the state of consciousness.

Use water and ice to cool the whole body. Soak the patient's other body parts except the head of the head in a bathtub at about 20 degrees Celsius. This method cools quickly and effective. You can also wipe the whole body with a towel soaked in ice water. At the same time, the ice cubes are placed under the patient's double armpits, thigh roots, or placing the patient on the ice bed, wearing an ice hat, an ice -necked circle, and wiping the whole body with an ice towel.

Measure core temperature, heart rate, blood pressure. The ear temperature with the ear temperature gun is the core body temperature; the heart rate and the vein oxygen saturation are tested on the finger with the finger oxygen detector to understand the heart and lung conditions; the blood pressure measurement is measured to understand the degree of loss of the body fluid.

Establish intravenous infusion channels. After the health personnel arrive, the intravenous infusion channel should be established immediately. Two venous infusion channels can be established depending on the condition, and the Link's liquid, physiological saline, sugar and salt water can be quickly entered.

Vitality protection and oxygen therapy. If the vein oxygen saturation is less than 95%, the nasal duct is given oxygen. If the patient is in a coma, he should bias his head to one side to prevent the mouth from suffocation. Once vomiting occurs, the oral secretion should be removed immediately to ensure that the respiratory tract is smooth.

Control twitch. If the patient twitches a sudden, the stable injection should be given immediately (10 ～ 20 mg muscle injection or 5-10 mg intravenous injection). After injection, pay attention to observe the patient's breathing and monitor the saturation of the finger vein. If respiratory suppression and decreased finger oxygen saturation occur, you can assist breathing through simple respiratory device. When pressing restless patients, do not press the joints to avoid causing fractures, dislocation and muscle damage.

Published on July 3rd "PLA Daily" 7th edition