Tsinghua team: In the eyes of mosquitoes, why are you particularly delicious?

Speaking of the most annoying animals in summer

Many people's answers must be mosquitoes

In addition to unbearable itching and swollen bags

Mosquito brings people to people

There are also a variety of terrible mosquito media infectious diseases

In the vast sea of ​​people

What kind of person is the most attractive mosquito?

Just published in one item

In the study of "Cell" (Cell)

Professor Cheng Gong Team of Medical College of Tsinghua University

This reveals the cunning of the mosquito media virus

In 2018, the eight types of infectious diseases that the World Health Organization urgently needed to pay attention to the two kinds of intense mosquito media viral infectious diseases (Zika fever and portening fever). Mosquito media viral infectious diseases, such as dengue fever, Zika fever, Kidon Kenya fever, foramary fever, and Sinre encephalitis, have brought severe challenges to global public health security.

Taking the dengue virus as an example, according to the World Health Organization, about 390 million people are infected or repeatedly infected by dengue virus each year, leading to 500,000 to 1 million people admitted for treatment. Due to the complicated pathogenic mechanism of mosquito media virus, most mosquito mosquito media virus still lacks effective vaccines and targeted treatment drugs. Therefore, the scientific community urgently needs to conduct more in -depth research on the communication mechanism of mosquito media virus, and provide new ideas for the prevention and control of mosquito media transmission.

Maybe everyone is curious about such a question: Why do some people more recruit mosquito bites? Is it higher body temperature? More carbon dioxide release? Or more sweat? The study found that human smell is a key factor in regulating mosquito behavior.

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Why are you more delicious in the eyes of mosquitoes?

In the vast crowd, mosquitoes are not randomly bite the host. They always seem to be able to accurately locate those hosts infected with mosquito media viruses. So, how does mosquito pay attention to virus infections? Why do these people look more "delicious" in mosquitoes?

Professor Cheng Gong's team of the School of Medicine of Tsinghua University revealed that the virus was changed by changing the human skin microorganisms, reshaping the smell of the infected person, and affecting the sense of smell of mosquito. This discovery also provides a new strategy for blocking the rapid spread of mosquito media virus in nature.

In this study, Professor Cheng Gong first set up a three -cage smell measurement device to use mice as an infected host. It was found that mosquito media infected mice can release a large number of volatile small molecules -Acetophenone, which can effectively activate the olfactory nervous system of mosquitoes to affect the mosquito olfactory perception.

San cage smell measurement device

Subsequently, the researchers further collected the smell of dengue patients and healthy volunteers, and found that the smell of dengue fever patients showed stronger attractiveness to Egyptian mosquitoes. Interestingly, in the smell of dengue fever patients, the content of benzhenyl is also significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers. When researchers apply different concentrations to the behavior of mosquito by different concentrations of benzide to verify the behavior of the body's arms. The results show that the arms with higher concentrations of phenylone are more likely to attract mosquitoes. The results of the above research show that dengue fever patients have greatly improved their attractiveness to mosquito due to the release of a large amount of benzene ketone to change their own smell, attract mosquito bites, and accelerate the spread of virus.

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How does the "fragrance" that attracts mosquitoes?

The question comes, how do these viruses manipulate more phenylthone?

Researchers have found that the phenosterone released by the human body or animal is mainly derived from the skin symbiotic microorganisms of the body surface. The infection of dengue and Zika virus can cause the abundance of the surfing bacteria on the host The ability of a large amount of benzene ketone.

At this point, the researchers revealed the cause of the mosquito media infection that attracted mosquito bites: virus infection increased the proportion of specific bacteria in human skin, significantly increased the ability of the infected person's release, thereby significantly increased the infected host of the host to mosquito Attraction.

The research team is evaluating the behavior of mosquitoes through the olfactory measurement device. From left to right as the first author of the paper, Dr. Zhang Hong, assistant researcher of Zhu Yibin, and Professor Cheng Gong. (Picture source: xuan Guo)

Subsequently, in order to lock the key genes participating in this process, the researchers also conducted RNA-SEQ sequencing analysis of the skin tissue of viruses infected with mice and non-infectious mice. The discovery of dengue virus and Zika virus infection can inhibit the expression of specific immune factors in the host's skin, so that the excessive proliferation of skin spores that were originally suppressed, resulting in an increased volume of phenyl's release in the infected host.

In the latest research, the research team fed a vitamin A derivative to mice in dengue virus and Zika virus infection with mice. This is a widely used dermatological drug. After the mice are taken, the proliferation of Bacillus in the skin infected with the skin of the infected host is limited to the release of the special human smell. Therefore, after the host is infected with the vitaminic acid, the mosquito cannot locate and infected the host through the smell of the host, thereby blocking the virus's circulation of the virus.

By supplementing vitamin A drugs, we can reshape the release of phenylthone infected with microorganisms infected with individual skin, reducing the cycle efficiency of mosquito media virus transmission. (Photo Source: Research Team Picture)

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How to get rid of the label "to bite me"?

According to the above discovery, researchers have proposed a new idea of ​​mosquito media virus prevention: it can regulate the smell of human body and block the rapid spread of mosquito media virus. In the epidemic area of ​​mosquito media virus infectious diseases, vitamin A or related drugs are widely supplemented by infected people, and it is expected to become a new strategy to avoid large -scale popularity of mosquito media viral infectious diseases. Professor Cheng Gong said: "At present, we have completed the study of microorganisms in the skin and microorganisms of infected people and non -infected people in Malaysia. Next month, clinical trials of different vitamin acid will be carried out. If it is smooth, it may be promoted in the future." Cheng Cheng may be promoted. "Cheng Cheng may be promoted." Cheng Cheng may be promoted. "Cheng Cheng may be promoted." Introduction to meritorious meteric acid is already the approved drug, and this study is equivalent to adding an indication to it.

"Over the years, when a mosquito media infection occurs in a region, most of us are limited to the description of public health, such as the statistical infection rate, number of people, and so on. The large -scale use of insecticides can reduce mosquito media viruses. It has intensified. In the past 40 years, the incidence of dengue fever has increased by 30 times. "Cheng Gong said," So we need to truly understand, mosquito media virus virus virus What is the basic principle of spreading circulation in nature? Why does it spread? Why can it be spread quickly? This is the most basic and simple scientific issue, which contains the complex interaction between people, mosquitoes, and viruses. There are many staying ones. The mystery of answers. "

It is these complicated effects and mysteries that make Cheng Gong very fascinating, and also give him the determination of not chasing hot spots and insisting on himself. At present, researchers have launched the research of other mosquito media infection with hosts' influence on mosquito behavior. It is believed that these studies will provide new powerful weapons for curbing the spread of more mosquito media diseases.

Reference materials: [1] Hong zhang et al., A volatile from the skin microbiota of flavivirus-infected hosts promotes mosquito attractiveness. Cell (2022). Doi: 10.1016/J.CELL.2022.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05f.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05.05f.05.05.05.05.05.05.05f.05.05.05.05.05.

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Source ｜ Medical College Academic Journal of Jingwei China Science

Picture | Professor Cheng Gong's research team

Data Sorting | Jiang Shengying

Edit | Annie Jiang Shengying

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