Heart disease 冠 coronary heart disease comprehensively understands coronary heart disease

What is coronary heart disease?

What is coronary heart disease

"Coronary heart disease" is the abbreviation of coronary heart disease.

The heart is an important organ of the human body. Its role is like a pump that never stops working. As the heart shrinks each time, the blood flow with oxygen and nutrients is transported through the aorta to the whole body to provide tissue cell metabolism. Essence

How can the heart's oxygen and nutrition get it? Two arteries in the root part of the aorta, responsible for the blood circulation of the heart itself, is called coronary arteries.

Due to the abnormal lipid metabolism, the lipids in the blood are calm on the original smooth arterial endometrium, and some lipid substances similar to the endometrium are accumulated into white plaques. Gradually increased to cause arterial cavity, blocked blood flow, causing heart ischemia and generating angina pectoris.

Classification of coronary heart disease

Hidden

Patients have coronary arteriosclerosis, but the lesions are mild or have a good side -supported cycle, or the patient's pain threshold is high and there is no pain symptoms.

Angina

On the basis of coronary stenosis, the clinical syndrome of the myocardial muscle, short -term ischemia and hypoxia due to increased myocardial load.

Myocardial infarction

On the basis of the coronary arteries, the blood supply of coronary arteries has been reduced or interrupted sharply, causing the corresponding myocardial and persistent acute ischemia to cause myocardial necrosis.

Heart failure

(Ischemic myocardial disease) Myocardial fibrosis, long -term insufficient blood supply of myocardial muscle, nutritional disorders and atrophy of myocardial tissue, or after large -scale myocardial infarction, cause fibrous tissue hyperplasia.

Sudden death

Classified standards of patients with cardiac arrest are due to atherosclerosis, and coronary arteries spasm or embolism occur on the basis of atherosclerosis, which causes myocardial urgency ischemia, cause local electrical disturbances, and cause temporary severe arrhythmia.

The main cause of coronary heart disease

The main cause of coronary heart disease is coronary atherosclerosis, but the cause of atherosclerosis is not completely clear. It may be the result of a comprehensive effect of multiple factors. It is believed that the dangerous factors of this disease are: age and gender (men over 45 years old, women over 55 years old or after menopause), family history (father and brother before the age of 55, mother/sisters died of heart disease before the age of 65) Blood lipid abnormalities (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C is too high, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C is too low), hypertension, urine sugar disease, smoking, super weight, obesity, gout, not exercise, etc.

Symptoms of coronary heart disease

Clinical is divided into five types: hidden, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cardiological failure (ischemic myocardial disease), and sudden death. The most common one is angina pectoris type, the most serious is the two types of myocardial infarction and sudden death.

Angina pectoris is a group of symptoms caused by acute temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia:

(1) Chest compression of suffocation, bloating, and severe burning pain. Generally, the pain lasted for 1-5 minutes, and occasionally 15 minutes, which can be relieved by itself;

(2) Pain often radiates to the left shoulder, the front of the left arm to the front of the left arm to the small finger and the ring finger;

(3) The pain occurs when the heart burden is aggravated (for example, increased physical activity, excessive mental stimulation and cold), and can disappear

(4) During pain, it may be accompanied by (or not accompanied by) collapse, sweating, shortness of breath, anxiety, palpitations, nausea, or dizziness.

Myocardial infarction is a critical syndrome of coronary heart disease. Generally, it is mostly based on angina pectoris and aggravation as a foundation. There are also cases of myocardial infarction that unexplained myocardial infarction (the most dangerous in this case, often sudden death due to no preparation). The manifestation of myocardial infarction is:

(1) During the sudden pain when the sternum or the front area of ​​the heart, radiate to the left shoulder, left arm or other places, and the pain lasts for more than half an hour.

(2) Short respiratory, dizziness, nausea, sweating, and fine pulse;

(3) The skin is cold, gray, and severe illness;

(4) The only manifestation of about one -tenth of patients is syncope or shock.

Coronary heart disease treatment

What kind of treatment of coronary heart disease patients depends on the location and degree of coronary pathogenic lesions. Generally speaking, if the coronary pathogenesis is mild, the treatment of drugs is sufficient; the lesions are relatively limited, the danger of interventional treatment is smaller, and the effect is better; but if the lesions are wide and diffuse, the coronary arteries can only be accepted.

The full name of PCI surgery is performed by the coronary coronary arteries. At present, it is a common surgical treatment method for Cardiology. It is currently the main method of coronary heart disease treatment. The choice of surgical methods is mainly based on the patient's coronary arteries stenosis. PCI surgery can not only improve the quality of life, but also significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction.

Source: Shandong Province Public Health Clinical Center

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