The discovery of pancreatic cancer is late!5 major risk factors, see if you are in the middle?

For medical professionals for reading reference

Full of dry goods ~

In recent years, the incidence of pancreatic cancer has continued to rise. According to statistics from my country Cancer Center in China in 2017, pancreatic cancer ranks 6th in the mortality of malignant tumors in my country. As a digestive tract tumor with poor prognosis, pancreatic cancer has clinical characteristics such as difficulty in early diagnosis, low surgical resection rate, and easy recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Clinical diagnosis and treatment are extremely challenging.

Recently, a comprehensive summary of pancreatic cancer was released on Gastroenterology. In the summary, the risk factors, screening methods, and diagnosis and treatment methods of pancreatic cancer are introduced in the summary. ~

Figure 1 Screenshot of Literature

5 major risk factors, pay special attention!

At present, there are more and more research on the risk factors of pancreatic cancer. This article mainly summarizes the following five risk factors:

■ Factors 1: Smoking, drinking

According to reports, smoking has increased the risk of pancreatic cancer from 11%to 32%. Increasing the risk of pancreatic cancer in smoking may be the result of multi -factor effects, including DNA damage, inflammation and liver fibrosis. Compared with the control group that does not drink, a large amount of drinking will increase the risk of pancreatic cancer by 1.6 times.

■ Factors 2: Diabetes

It is reported that the risk of pancreatic cancer with pancreatic cancer (3 years with diabetes> 3 years) has reportedly increased by 1.5-2.4 times.

■ Factors 3: Obesity

According to reports, the physical index (BMI) exceeds 30kg/m2, and the risk of pancreatic cancer has increased significantly.

■ Factors 4: Chronic pancreatitis

Long -term follow -up found that chronic pancreatitis is related to increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

■ Factors 5: Genetic mutation

According to statistics, about 10%of pancreatic cancer occurs in patients with family history. Increased risk of pancreatic cancer is related to several genetic syndrome, such as family atypical mole melanoma syndrome and PEUTZ-JEGHERS syndrome.

It is worth mentioning that pancreatic cancer can be cured if early detection and treatment. Let's take a look at what can help us find pancreatic cancer early.

2 methods to help early diagnosis

1

Focus on detecting genes and susceptible people

It is recommended to generate genetic testing of high -risk relatives of pancreatic cancer -related genetic syndrome and patients with pancreatic cancer.

2

Test biomarker

Biomators may help the diagnosis of early pancreatic cancer. In the summary, a specific antibody micromaneous test based on pancreatic cancer is mentioned in the summary of 8 serum biological signs and CA19-9. feature.

How to diagnose pancreatic cancer?

▌ Clinical manifestations

Most patients with pancreatic cancer have not occurred until the late disease, and when patients have symptoms, they are often non -specific, causing diagnostic delays.

The most common symptoms are fatigue, weight loss, anorexia and abdominal or back pain. Less common symptoms include fat overflow, acute pancreatitis, gastric export obstruction, and venous thrombosis caused by the malignant obstruction of the main pancreatic tube.

If the above -mentioned common symptoms occur, clinicians should consider patients with pancreatic cancer, and at the same time they should understand the patient history of the patient's complete cancer to evaluate whether the patient is a family pancreatic cancer relative or whether to carry mutations of pathogenic species. Whether there are close relatives suffering from breast cancer, colon cancer or skin cancer (melanoma).

▌ laboratory inspection

Laboratory examination includes all blood cell counting, electrolyte detection and liver function test, which can help evaluate whether there is biliary obstruction.

▌ Imaging examination

Imaging examination The first choice of abdominal pancreatic CT scan, which detects the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer 76%-96%. Compared with MRI, CT can better provide anatomical details of the relationship between tumor and surrounding blood vessels, which is conducive to staging of tumors.

In addition, MRI may be useful auxiliary examination methods, which can be used to determine the cause of patients with liver lesions. MRI is only applicable to patients with CT scanning taboos, obvious renal insufficiency, or severe allergies of contrast agents.

▌ treatment

Because many patients have reached the advanced stage when diagnosed pancreatic cancer, and patients with surgical resection conditions are low, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is very poor. The median survival after treatment is about 10-12 months. The survival period is about 5-6 months.

At present, the first -line treatment plan is Folfirinox therapy (Osarin+Ilide+Fluorine Piopyraine) or Garcitabin combined with white protein paclites. So far, other combined treatment has not showed the survival benefits of these treatments.

In addition, the review also specifically mentioned that with our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism and metastatic pathway of pancreatic cancer, it is expected to develop new drugs and therapies to further improve the treatment effect of most patients.

Where to look at more clinical knowledge of digestive liver disease?

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