How can I detect lung cancer early

The incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China are the first among malignant tumors. The survival rate of lung cancer has a lot to do with the installment at the time of discovery. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment play a key role in the long -term survival of lung cancer patients. It acts before lung cancer symptoms and do lung cancer screening as soon as possible to help you discover it early.

Who should do lung cancer screening

If your age is 50 ~ 74 years old, it is recommended to do lung cancer screening:

第一，吸烟：吸烟包年数≥30包年（吸烟包年数=每天吸烟的包数乘以吸烟年数，例如1包年相当于每天吸1包烟，即20支香烟，吸烟1年），包括The number of smoking packs was ≥30 packs, but the quitting less than 15 years;

Second, passive smoking: live with the smokers or work in the same room ≥ 20 years;

Third, suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;

Fourth, there is a history of occupational exposure (including asbestos, tadpoles, chromium, chromium, cadmium, nickel, silicon, cubes, and cubes) ≥ 1 year;

Fifth, there are first -level relatives (referring to parents, children, and siblings) diagnosed lung cancer.

Early symptoms of lung cancer should be vigilant

Many years of clinical statistics show that some common clinical symptoms may be clues about early lung cancer.

Cough tumors stimulate the bronchus can cause cough, which is mostly manifested as irritating dry cough, that is, there is no sputum when cough, or only a small amount of sputum. A large amount of mucus sputum may also occur when coughing. If the patient's cough lasts for more than two weeks, it must be paid attention to.

Blood or hemoptysis tumors in sputum are rich in blood vessels. When patients cough, they can bleed due to the rupture of the blood vessels. The blood is discharged with sputum, which shows blood in sputum. If the blood flow in the tumor tissue is abundant, or near the larger blood vessels, the blood volume is increased during cough, and hemoptysis will occur.

As an early symptom of lung cancer, shortness of breath is caused by shortness of breath, poor constitution or obesity. If the patient feels shortage in daily activities, and the diseases of no heart blood vessels, you need to pay attention to the screening of lung cancer.

The tumor of the shoulder, back, chest, and arms may compress the nerves, causing patients with pain on the shoulders, back, chest, or arms of the patient -this symptom may even appear before cough and breath. If the symptoms of pain in these parts without primary damage, especially the pain symptoms that aggravate during cough and breathing, need close attention. As high as 50%of lung cancer patients have chest pain or shoulder pain symptoms when diagnosed.

Repeated infection (bronchitis and pneumonia) patients with pneumonia or bronchitis are not uncommon clinically. If the tumor is close to the airway, it can cause obstacles to make patients more prone to lung infection.

Symptoms or decreased weight loss are sometimes associated with lung cancer, especially smoking patients. For example, 1.7%of non -small cell lung cancer patients will have knee pain in early stage. In addition, some comprehensive symptoms, such as fatigue, decreased appetite, decreased weight loss, and even the occurrence of depression may indicate lung cancer.

Auxiliary examination helps lung cancer early discovery

Early symptoms of lung cancer are often not obvious, and there are even no discomfort. The symptoms of central lung cancer occur early and severe, and the symptoms of surrounding lung cancer appear late and mild, or even asymptomatic. Therefore, in the clinic, in addition to symptoms, doctors will also combine imaging examinations to discover cancer stoves on the primary and metastasis parts of the lungs.

Statistics show that 25%of patients with lung cancer have no specific symptoms when diagnosed with lung cancer. Many of them are discovered for CT or X -ray examination for other reasons.

The auxiliary imaging examination methods of lung cancer mainly include X-ray, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positive electron emission computer fault scanning (PET-CT), ultrasonic, nuclein appearance and other methods. Imaging examination is mainly used for lung cancer diagnosis, staging, efficacy monitoring, re -staging and prognosis evaluation.

When it is suspected that lung cancer may be tested, patients need to conduct tissue pathology. Test pathological examination is a "gold standard" diagnosed with lung cancer. This test is a pathological morphological method that is used to check the pathological changes in the body's organs, tissue or cells, and directly observe whether the cells in the human tissue structure are canceled through a microscope.

Pathological diagnosis can clarify the staging and typing of lung cancer. Pathological diagnosis has a decisive role in the choice and prognosis of patient treatment plan. Therefore, before the treatment of lung cancer, sputum cytology examination, chest puncture, superficial lymph nodes, and subcutaneous metastatic lesion tissue examination, thoracic wall lung puncture, bronchoscopy, bronchoscopy Check the pathological diagnosis.

In addition, the laboratory has also played a role in auxiliary reference in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of lung cancer, including tumor markers such as carcinoma antigen (CEA), neuron -specific alcohinase (NSE), squamous epithelial cell carcinoma antigen antigen antigen antigen (SCC) detection.

At present, the number of patients with lung cancer in my country is still in the growing period. Early screening is of great significance to improving the survival rate of patients. The attention of early clinical symptoms can also be intervened as soon as possible to save patients' lives.

Author: National Health Science Popularization Expert Library Expert

Zhu Bo, chief physician of the Cancer Department of Xinqiao Hospital of the Army Medical University

Planning: Tan Jia

Edit: Liu Yang

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