Monkey acne health reminder

Monkey acne is a viral disease caused by human and beasts caused by Monkeypox Virus (MPXV). The clinical manifestations are mainly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. The disease is mainly popular in China and West Africa. Since May 2022, some countries in non -local pop areas have found a large number of cases of acne, and interpersonal communication has occurred. In order to protect the health of Chinese citizens, the following information such as the disease of the monkey acne epidemic and the prevention and treatment of the disease is made, and the following health tips are submitted.

1. Monkey acne epidemic situation

In 1970, the first case of human acne virus was diagnosed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Since then, there have been national reports of national acne in Africa. At present, 11 African countries (Benin, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Nigeria, Corteda, Liberia, Serra Leine, Gabon and South Sudan) occurred) Over the monkey acne epidemic. Therefore, it is currently believed that the central and western regions of Africa are local popular regions of monkey acne, and cases are mainly distributed in the tropical rain forests in Central and Western Africa.

Outside Africa is a non -local popular area. The previously occurred in the epidemic in the past, and the local communication was limited. In 2003, monkey acne epidemic was the first case of monkey acne outside Africa in history. Since then, the United Kingdom has also reported a small number of crimen cases in 2018, 2019 and 2021. In the above cases, the vast majority of living in Africa.

On May 13, 2022, the United Kingdom first reported local monkey acne cases. Since then, Europe, the Americas, Asia, Oceania and Africa (non -local pop countries) have successively discovered monkey acne cases. There are 5 continents 28 countries found monkey acne epidemic, and a total of 1,285 cases of confirmed cases and one suspected case were reported. There were no death cases [1]. Among them, 86.5%(1112 cases) are from Europe, followed by the Americas (153 cases), Asia (13 cases), Oceania (6 cases), and Africa (1 case). For details of the reports of various countries, please refer to the table below.

List of the report of national monkey acne cases in non -local popular regions in 2022

In addition, in 2022, African monkey acne local pop countries also reported cases. As of June 8, a total of 8 countries in Africa found monkey acne epidemic, with a cumulative report of 1,526 cases, 72 deaths, and a rough mortality rate of 4.7%. Among them, the Congo Democratic Republic has the largest number of cases (1366 cases, 64 deaths), followed by Nigeria (141 cases, 1 death), Cameroon (31 cases, 2 deaths), and the Republic of China (25 cases of case , Death 2), Ghana (17 cases, no death), the Republic of the Congo (9 cases, 3 deaths), Libya (4 cases, no death), and Sierra Leine (2 cases of cases, no death).

The number of cases and scope of this round of epidemic conditions have increased rapidly, the highest in the history of non -local pop areas. Cases are mainly young and middle -aged men; most of them are male gays, and the epidemic spread is closely related to sexual activities; most cases have not traveled to the local popular regions of monkey acne (ie, central Africa and the west of the west. State in acne cases) travel; clinical manifestations are relatively mild and not typical. The rash is mainly distributed in the genital parts, and the number is significantly less. There are only a few or even one rash, and no further diffusion is seen.

2. Basic knowledge of monkey acne

(1) Monkey acne tires

Monkey acne virus is a dual -chain DNA virus with a total length of about 197KB. It belongs to the genus of acne virus virus. It is one of the 4 viruses of human pathogenia in the acne virus (the remaining three are ceiling virus, acne seedlings and cattle acne Virus). There are two branches of monkey acne virus (West African branch and Congo basin branch). Among them, the mortality rate of West African branch is about 3.6%, and the mortality rate of the Congo basin can reach 10.6%[2]. The samples of monkey acne cases found in non -local popular regions since May 2022 have sequencing analysis results in West African branch.

Monkey acne virus is sensitive to thermal. It can be lively at 56 ° C for 30 minutes or 60 ° C for 10 minutes. UV and general disinfection agents can also be lived. It is sensitive to sodium hypochlorite, chlorine phenol, pentalaldehyde, formaldehyde, and polyetal formaldehyde.

(2) Monkey Acne Popularities

Monkey acne virus in nature mainly exists in Africa (African squirrels, tree squirrels, Gangbia kangaroos, sleeping mouse, etc.). Long -priests (monkeys, chimpanzees, people, etc.) are also infected after contacting rodents infected with monkey acne virus. Animals and patients with monkey acne virus are the source of this disease.

Monkey acne virus invades the human body through mucosa and damaged skin. People are infected by contacting the respiratory tract secretions, lesions, blood, other body fluids, or being infected by infected animals infected by infection. People are mainly transmitted through close contact, and can also be transmitted through droplets during long -term contact, and items that contact virus pollution may also be infected. This time the monkey acne epidemic also found that most cases have homosexual behaviors before the onset, which may be mainly related to close contact and spread in sexual activities. At present, it is not possible to determine whether semen or vaginal secretions will be spread. Monkey acne virus can also be transmitted to the fetus from a pregnant woman through the placenta.

Those who have been vaccinated in the past have a certain degree of cross protection for monkey acne virus. People who have not vaccinated the ceiling vaccine (especially those born after 1981) are generally susceptible to monkey acne virus. (3) Clinical manifestations of patients with acne patients

The incubation period is 5-21 days, mostly 6-13 days.

In the early stage of the onset, chills and fever were hot, and there were mostly fever. The body temperature was more than 38.5 ° C. Symptoms such as headache, drowsiness, fatigue, back pain, and myalgia were accompanied by symptoms. Most patients have superficial lymph nodes in neck, armpit, groin and other parts.

A rash appears 1-3 days after the onset (see the figure below). Typical rashes are manifested in the face first, and gradually spread to the limbs and other parts. The rash is mostly centrifugal distribution. The rash on the face and limbs is more common than the torso. Thousands of people can not wait; it can also affect oral mucosa, digestive tract, genitals, conjunctiva, and cornea. The rash has changed from a few stages of rash, pimples, herpes, pustules to crusting. The herpes and pustules are mostly spherical, with a diameter of about 0.5-1 centimeters. The texture is harder and can be accompanied by obvious itching and pain. About 2-4 weeks from the illness to scabs. Crusted erythema or pigmentation can be left behind, and even scars can be left. The duration of scars can last for several years.

(Picture source: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/monkeypox#tab_1)

Some patients may have complications, including secondary bacterial infections, bronchial pneumonia, encephalitis, keratin infections, and purulent disease in the skin lesion. Severe cases are common in young children and low immune functions.

The clinical symptoms of monkey acne patients found in non -local epidemic regions outside Africa this year are generally mild and not typical. The rash is mainly distributed in genitals and its surrounding parts, with a small number.

(4) Treatment and prevention of monkey acne

Monkey acne is a self -limited disease, and most of them are good. There are currently no alien anti -acne virus drugs in China. Treatment is mainly to support the treatment and complications.

Third, health reminder

(1) Personal prevention

1. Personnel who are traveling or living in countries in the epidemic. Pay attention to the information of the monkey acne epidemic in the country. Avoid contact with rodents and long animals (including the blood and meat of animals), you must be cooked thoroughly before consumption. If you must contact the patients with acne, avoid close contact with the body, avoid sexual behavior with suspicious infected people, avoid common daily necessities (such as bedding, clothing, etc.), and do personal protection when you look or visit patients (such as wearing disposable at one time Latex gloves, medical protective masks, disposable isolation clothes, etc.). Pay attention to hand hygiene, use soap, hand -wash, etc. to wash your hands under the flowing water in time.

2. Recently returned to China and the people who are about to return to China. Recently, those who have returned to China need to pay attention to self -health monitoring. If there are suspicious animals and personnel or acne cases of contact history and history of exposure, you can take the initiative to contact the local medical and control institutions for consultation and reporting; if fever, rash and other symptoms occur, , Take the initiative to seek medical treatment, and inform the history of the doctor to live abroad to assist in diagnosis and treatment. In addition to paying attention to the above matters, those who are about to return to China need to cooperate with the customs to actively report when applying for the application of immigration.

3. Recently planned to go abroad. Pay close attention to the epidemic of monkey acne in the country, and understand the relevant knowledge of monkey acne prevention and treatment as soon as possible. Personal hand hygiene, once symptoms such as rash and other symptoms occur in time.

4. Other people in China. There are no cases of monkey acne cases in my country, and monkey acne virus has not been found during wildlife or inbound quarantine. The general population is not infected. If a monkey acne input case is found, there is a certain risk of infection among their contacts.

(2) Infection control of medical and health institutions

When medical staff admitted to patients with rash, if there is a history of a country where a monkey acne reports a country's residence within 21 days, the possibility of considering the possibility of monkey acne needs to be considered. When providing diagnosis and treatment services for suspected or diagnosis of patients with acne, and handling patient specimens, standard prevention measures should be performed, that is, wearing disposable latex gloves, medical protective masks, protective surfaces or goggles, disposable isolation clothes, etc., etc. At the same time, do your hand hygiene. When collecting samples of patients who are suspected of infection with acne virus, the trained personnel shall be operated. Shipping patient samples should ensure safe packaging and abide by the guidance of infectious items. Suspected or diagnosis of people with acne patients in the hospital may be disinfected at any time.

(3) Animal trade

It is recommended that non -imported rodent and long -term animals, strengthen entry carrying, delivery animal quarantine, and imported rodent and long -term long animal quarantine.

[1] https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-eutbreak-news/item/2022-don392

[2] Thinking and suggestions for the outbreak of monkey acne on non -popular areas, Chinese Medical Journal

(Supply of the Health Emergency Center)

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