Can't understand the medical examination report?Teach you to see common indicators

At the peak season at the peak season, the importance of regular medical examinations must be known, but many people receive the medical report. When facing obscure medical terms and dense numbers, it is still confused. The arrow with floating up and down will be more nervous, and the stimulus is comparable to the "blind box". How to correctly interpret the medical examination report? Next, teach you the meaning of common indicators.

Indicator 1: blood pressure

The upper limit of the normal compression pressure is 140 mm Hg, and the upper limit of the normal value of the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg. When this standard, the blood pressure is considered to be higher than normal.

Pay attention to sitting in advance for 10 minutes during medical examinations to maintain emotional stability. In addition, the blood pressure increases at one time, and high blood pressure cannot be diagnosed. The diagnosis must be measured at least three times at different dates.

Health prescriptions: low -salt diet, appropriate exercise, quitting of alcohol; regular monitoring of blood pressure, taking antihypertensive drugs in accordance with the doctor's instructions to avoid suddenly stopping or reducing medicine.

Indicators 2: Blood glucose

Blood glucose detection mainly includes empty blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HGB). The normal value of the analogy (sugar-free and any sugar-oriented food intake within 8 hours) is 3.9-6.1 ml/liter. When the empty blood glucose is higher than the normal range of 6.1 mol/liters, it is called hyperglycemia.

HGB reflects the average level of blood sugar control over the past 90 days, which is used to evaluate the control of long -term blood sugar.

The non -fixed value of blood glucose is affected by various factors. Once a meal, high -intensity exercise or emotional excitement will cause increased blood sugar. These situations belong to an excessive hyperglycemia. Will wear a "diabetes" hat.

Health prescription: control total calories, eat less meals, quit smoking and restrict alcohol, avoid excessive fatigue; monitor blood sugar, follow the medical treatment for long -term drug treatment, and follow up for regular outpatient clinics.

Indicators 3: Transaminase

Transaminase is the indicator that the liver cells are being injured most directly. It mainly focuses on thelanine amin aminotransferase (ALT) and Tianmen Winomine amin aminotransferase (AST).

The normal value range of ALT is 0U/L-40U/L. However, ALT lacks specificity. Various reasons such as fatigue, drinking, cold, and emotional factors can cause the permeability of liver cell membranes, but the increased transaminase is generally not higher than 60U/L. Once the ALT value is higher than 80U/L, there is a diagnostic value, and you need to go to the hospital for treatment.

The normal value range of AST is 0U/L-40U/L. The significance of AST's elevation is similar to Alt diagnosis of hepatitis. Under normal circumstances, the increase in AST is not as good as Alt. Once the AST value is higher than the ALT value, it means that the degree of liver cell damage and necrosis is more serious. At this time, the determination of the bealing enzyme (ASTS and ASTM) is more significant. Obviously rising.

The increase in these two indicators is obviously more common in hepatitis, liver tumors, and liver damage drugs. However, "false positives" will also occur under some physiological situations, and a large amount of drinking, severe exercise, overworked, fever, pregnancy, etc. need to be ruled out.

The liver function test is to draw blood during an empty stomach, and the empty time is generally 8-12 hours. It is recommended not to eat after 21pm the day before, avoid eating high -fat, high protein, and food rich in carotene and lutein, and ensure sufficient sleep. On the day of the inspection, you cannot eat breakfast, drink water, or carry out physical exercise or severe exercise before the inspection. After arriving at the hospital, you should rest quietly for 20 minutes and take a blood test.

Drinking will affect the indicator of liver function rotor, and you cannot drink alcohol the night before the examination. At the same time, try to avoid liver function tests during the intravenous infusion or within 4 hours of medication. If the physical condition allows, it is best to stop the medicine 3-5 days before the liver function test.

Health prescription: Avoid using liver toxic drugs, quit smoking and restrictions, and moderate work; two weeks of outpatient review.

Indicators 4: Tumor marking

AFP (AFP): Monitoring of primary liver cancer and gastrointestinal tumor liver metastasis. One of the diagnostic standards for liver cancer is AFP ≥ 400 micrograms/liters. Hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, pregnancy or reproductive tumor can also increase to varying degrees of AFP. For patients with low -degree nail protein, dynamic observations should be combined with imaging.

Cancel embryo antigen (CEA): broad -spectrum tumor logo can increase in bowel cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Clinically, it is mainly used to monitor the recurrence and metastasis of gastrointestinal tumors.

Sugar antigen CA153: Breast cancer special symbols, 30%-50%-50%breast cancer patients can see the increase in CA153, but the positive rate of breast cancer at the early stage of breast cancer is low.

Health prescription: Most tumor markers have limited specificity and sensitivity. If you have only one elevation, you don't need to panic. It is recommended that tumor specialist consultations after 1 month and dynamic monitoring indicators.

What are the nodules, polyps, and positioning lesions?

-Nring/block

Nodule is a relatively small mass. It is a bit larger called a block and can occur in any part of the body. Most nodules are benign, and regular follow -up.

During physical examinations, thyroid nodules are very common, and an average of five Chinese people suffer from thyroid nodules. Whether the thyroid nodule needs to be treated is mainly determined by the nature of the nodule. Most of the thyroid nodules found during the medical examination are benign. However, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased year by year in recent years (related to radioactive contact, autoimmune, genetic and other factors), so identifying the good and malignant to identify the nodules are very important. The main way is to judge through ultrasound. If nodules/blocks are found during the physical examination, you need to pay attention to its hardness, activity, boundaries and growth rate. If the middle -aged and elderly people are detected, if the nodules/blocks are found, even if it is not painful, itchy, and without symptoms, it must be paid attention to and treat it in time.

-polyp

The polyp refers to the removing creatures that grow on the surface of the human mucosa, mostly benign, and a small part has a tendency to change evil. Taking gallbladder polyps as an example, non -tumor polyps account for 90%, and basically no cancer. 65%of non -tumor polyps are cholesterol polyps and are related to diet. Patients with high cholesterol diet or fatty liver are particularly prone to cholesterol polyps.

Cholesterol polyps are mostly within 1 cm, common in form. For cholesterol polyps below 1 cm, B -ultrasound can be reviewed every six months to one year, and changes in its size, form, and quantity can be observed without surgery. If cholesterol polyps are combined with gallbladder stones, it is recommended to remove surgical. If the diameter of the polyp is greater than 1 cm and the age is greater than 50 years old, it is recommended to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Considering surgical treatment.

-Stolar lesions

Usually appear in image results such as B -ultrasound, CT, MRI and other imaging. Script -occupied lesions generally refer to tumors (benign/malignant), parasites, stones, etc. For different parts of placement, the situation is different. It is recommended to further check the specialty. Essence

It should be noted that some indicators in the medical examination report are abnormal does not mean that they are related to the "disease" painting. There is no need to look at the medical examination report at all. For all kinds of nodules, polyps, and occupying lesions found in the medical examination, the follow -up should still be followed up. In particular, the thyroid nodules with irregularities include fine calcification, and gradually increasing gallbladder polyps. This is often evidence of evil changes. You should seek medical treatment in time. Please ask a professional doctor to formulate a specific treatment plan.

In addition, the medical examination reports can be collected over the years, the "continuous viewing" observation indicators can be performed every year, reviewing and further examination on schedule, so that the medical examination is really good for health.

(Source: Wen Report Author Wu Jingxin is the deputy chief physician of the Health Sports Inspection Department of the Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fan Jingyan is the attending doctor of the Health Sports Department)

【Edit: Jinxin】

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