How to understand the physical examination report? How to improve the common abnormal indicators?Please see ...

Regular physical examination is important

Every time you get the report form after getting a medical examination

What should I think of the medical examination report?

How to improve the common abnormalities in the medical examination report?

Let's learn together!

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These indicators on the medical examination report

Conventional indicator

1. BMI: (weight kg)/(height m) 2 index obtained. The value is 18.5-24.9 is a normal body type. When the value exceeds 25, it is considered obesity. Obesity can become the cause of various living habits, and it is important to maintain proper weight.

2. Blood pressure: Blood pressure above 140/90mmHg will be considered hypertension. Blood pressure can judge cardiac function and peripheral vascular resistance. However, blood pressure is very easy to change. It may be slightly floating due to tension or other reasons, which is not enough to judge whether the real blood pressure is high or normal. Patients with hypertension must follow the doctor's order and test the blood pressure value regularly.

Urine test

1. Urine protein and potential blood: High urine protein refers to the high protein content in urine, and the protein leaks into the urine from the urethra to form proteinuria. The higher the urine protein, the worse the kidney filtration function is, which is an important indicator of the kidney function. Positive tips may have the risk of kidney and urinary diseases such as nephritis, cystitis, urinary tract stones, urinary tumors and other urinary diseases. In addition, renal dysfunction caused by hypertension or diabetes will also show positive urine protein. But a small amount of protein or potential blood also has a moment of nature and cannot be generalized.

2. Urinary gallbladder origin: abnormal liver function is positive, and was previously used as a screening of liver function. Urinary biliary qualitative (UBG) can be used for differentiated diagnosis of hemolytic jaundice, hepatocytic jaundice, and obstructive jaundice. Normal people's urine is generally weak and positive. When obstructive jaundice, urine biliary can be negative; when the urine biliary is originally negative, the urine should be further determined; when the urine bilirubin is positive or increased, and the urine biliary is reduced, the patient can generally determine that the patient suffers from a complete obstruction Sex jaundice. Urinary biliary original increases are more common in hemolytic jaundice and hepatocytocytic jaundice.

3. Percent: The proportion of normal people's urine can fluctuate large due to different diet and drinking water, sweating and urination, but generally between 1.010 and 1.025, it can fluctuate from 1.003 to 1.030 due to various situations. between. The level of urine is related to the amount of drinking water and the urine value at that time, which mainly depends on the concentration of the kidneys. Blood

1. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and blood cells: hemoglobin contained in red blood cells is transported to the whole body tissue in combination with oxygen in the lungs. The reduction of red blood cells or hemoglobin is called anemia. High red blood cell values ​​will increase blood viscosity and cause poor blood circulation.

2. MCV, MCH, MCHC: It reflects the average value of red blood cells and is often used as auxiliary diagnosis of anemia. Generally speaking, the three items of MCH, MCHC, and MCV are less than normal values ​​and are common in ischemic anemia. Some changes are not related to the disease.

3. Platelet count: Platelet reduction may have symptoms or diseases such as regenerative disorder, radioactive damage, acute leukemia, and upper respiratory tract infection. Platelet increase may have bone marrow hyperplasia diseases.

liver function

1.AST, Alt, γ-GPT, ALP, LAP, LDH: protein called enzymes, contains various organs and tissue cells including the liver. When cell necrosis or irritation, these enzymes will leak in the blood and cause a rising value. The most abnormal value is due to fatty liver caused by excessive intake of obesity and alcohol. For obese people, when drinking at a high value of daily drinking liver function, weight limit and alcohol should be performed first. Alanine aminamidase is more common in diseases such as viral hepatitis, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, toxic hepatitis, fatty liver and other diseases such as hepatobiliary diseases. Grassamotentinase high reminds acute hepatitis, poisoning of drugs, liver cancer, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, myocarditis, pleurisy, etc. ALP and LDH rising alone are usually the cause of the liver. If there are detailed tips, please be sure to take a further time in time.

2. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin: It is the product of hemoglobin decomposition. Increasing in the blood can cause jaundice. Diseases such as liver dysfunction and bile excretion will rise. At this time, other inspection items usually show abnormal value. The abnormal abnormality of bilirubin, which often occurs in comprehensive medical examinations, is basically due to its physique and there is no problem.

3. General protein, albumin, A/G ratio: Investigate the general state of protein in the blood. Not only the examination of the state of the liver, there is not much problem with slightly floating changes.

fat metabolisim

1. Species of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, neutral fat: LDL cholesterol or high level of neutral fat or too low HDL cholesterol levels are called hyperlipidemia. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol can enter arterial wall cells. High -energy cause atherosclerosis makes individuals in danger of being susceptible to coronary heart disease. If diagnosed as hyperlipidemia, adjusting diet and strengthening exercise is the first. When the cholesterol level is high, reduce the intake of fat and egg yolks. When the level of neutral fat is high, it is necessary to reduce the intake of sugar and alcohol.

2. Uric acid: uric acid is a excrement formed by metabolism in the body and food, which is excreted through the kidneys into the urine. Therefore, excessive intake of foods rich in purine, drinking excessive amounts of alcoholic beverages that hinders uric acid excretion can cause an increase in uric acid value. High uric acid values ​​can cause gout, urinary tract stones, renal dysfunction. Reduce the intake of internal organs, meat, alcohol, and overweight people pay attention to weight loss.

Glucose metabolism

1. Blood glucose: Anti -stomach: 3.92 ~ 6.16mmol/L, after meals: 5.1 ~ 7.0mmol/L. If the level of empty blood sugar is high, diabetes is suspected. However, the blood glucose value is easy to change, and the HBA1C, which reflects the blood sugar value in the past 60 days to judge.

2. Urum sugar: mainly refers to glucose in urine. Normal people have few urine sugar, and general methods cannot be measured, so normal human urine sugar should be negative, or there should be no sugar in urine. In normal people, only when blood glucose exceeds 160 to 180 mg/dl, can sugar be discharged more from the urine to form urine sugar. The treatment principles of diabetes are diet, exercise, drugs and monitoring. Urine sugar is common in thirst, diabetes, etc.

Renal function

1. Blood, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, EGFR: Urea nitrogen creatinine is the metabolic waste in the body. When the renal function is excreted from the urine, when the renal function is low, the value in the blood will become higher. Low urea nitrogen value is mainly found in patients with kidney dysfunction and severe liver disease. EGFR is also called glomerular filtration rate. It is a number calculated based on age and gender, and it represents the ability of the kidney to discharge metabolic waste. If this number is low, it is prompted that the renal function is low.

2. Electrolyte: The balance of controlling these values ​​is not just the kidneys. Causes of abnormal renal function can also lead to abnormal value.

Tumor marker

1.CEA: Cancer of many organs such as digestive systems, respiratory systems, urology systems will increase. Increasing age, smoking, and inflammation will also occur abnormal value.

2. CA19-9: Cancer of pancreas, bile ducts and other digestive systems will rise. Natural diseases such as pancreatitis and cholangitis will also occur abnormal value.

3.PSA: Starting from the early stage of prostate cancer, the use of prostate cancer is very useful as a screening prostate cancer. Prostate hyperplasia and inflammation will also cause abnormal value. After several testing, if the value is rising more, you need to check in detail. 4. CA125: It mainly occurs on ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholecostal cancer, tumor markers, and endometrium disease, etc.

5.AFP: Liver cancer, etc. will cause abnormalities, and the cells of the fetus will produce AFP, so high value will occur during pregnancy.

Inspection

Poor blood: There is a small amount of blood in the inspection, which can be used to detect the gastrointestinal bleeding caused by various causes. It is an important screening indicator for early diagnosis of malignant tumors of the digestive tract. Rectal polyps, hemorrhoid bleeding, etc. can also lead to a positive response of submarine blood tests. Pay attention to whether the gastroscopy test is abnormal.

Other examinations

ECG: ECG is one of the most commonly used examinations in the clinic. It is widely used. ECG tests have a role in diagnostic arrhythmia, heart hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. ECG tests can have many diseases that do not have a disease significance, and there is no special instructions to worry.

Chest X -ray: Check the respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and tuberculosis, as well as heart hypertrophy. If you see something, you need to check the chest CT.

How to improve these abnormalities in the medical examination report

Dyslipidemia

How to eat food

Dietary cholesterol intake needs to be controlled.

Limit foods rich in saturated fatty acids, including most biscuits, pastries, fries, potato chips and other fried foods and processing snacks.

How to adjust the way of lifestyle

It is recommended to adhere to the regular medium-intensity metabolic movement. It is recommended to 5-7 days a week and 30 minutes each time.

Strictly quit smoking and restrict drinking.

Improve sleep and stay up late.

Overweight, obese

potential risks

High risk of vascular disease, causing fatty liver and kidney disease.

Cause diabetes, triggers joint disease, and cervical spondylosis.

Behavior correction target "3-2-1-0"

"3" represents vegetables that eat at least 3 fists every day.

"2" means that eating meat every day does not exceed 2 palms.

"1" represents at least 10,000 steps a day.

"0" means not eating sugary snacks every day.

Fatty liver

Pay attention to diet

To control the dietary intake appropriately, it is recommended to reduce the heat of 500 to 1000 kcal per day.

Adjusting the diet structure, it is recommended to balance the balanced diet of the fat and carbohydrates, limited the sugar -containing drinks, pastries and deep -processed refined foods, and increased whole grain food and dietary fiber intake.

Three meals a day are appropriate, strictly control the heat of dinner and eat after dinner.

Control drink.

keep working out

Avoid sitting and moving for a long time, choose a physical exercise method that can persist to increase the quality of skeletal muscle and prevention and control, and persist more than 150 minutes a week.

Thyroid nodules

How to treat

When a nodule with a benign possibility is more than 2 cm, the mild doubtful nodules exceed 1.5 cm, and the nodules with suspected malignancy exceed 1 cm, it is recommended to do fine needle puncture inspection under ultrasonic guidance. Most of them can be clear.

Most of the thyroid cancer needs to be treated with surgery, and doctors need to hear doctors.

The benign nodules can be reviewed once a year. If there is no obvious change, the review cycle can be extended to 2-3 years with the course of the disease.

Daily attention

Regulate emotions and get angry.

Develop regular life and rest, avoid staying up late, overwork, etc.

Hyperplasia

Daily attention

Keep your mood comfortable.

Change the diet structure and avoid using hormone -containing beauty products.

Weight control.

Life law, stay up late.

Choose the right bra to avoid squeezing the breasts.

Pay attention to examination: It is recommended that women start the screening of breast cancer at the age of 40. The screening method includes breast self -examination, go to the hospital for breast X -line and B -ultrasound examination; women with breast cancer in the family should ask professional doctors to formulate screening Check the plan.

Special Note

What kind of breast lump is worthy of vigilance?

The mass of breast cancer is generally harder to feel, and the surface is uneven, difficult to move, and unclear boundary with the surrounding tissue. The initial lumps may be smaller, often without any symptoms, not pain and itching. As the lumps increase, the skin that develops to the lattice in the later period is sunken.

Uric acid

Possible damage

Joint damage, kidney damage, heart disease, diabetes

Daily attention

Weight loss: obese patients need to lose weight and make BMI reach the overall health level.

Proper exercise: The amount of exercise is generally suitable for medium exercise and a small amount of sweating.

Quit smoking and alcohol.

Ensure sufficient water intake.

Reasonable diet: Choose a low purine diet.

Dental caries

How to prevent

Treatment as soon as possible

When you find that the teeth are uncomfortable with hot and hot acid and sweetness, they should be treated as soon as possible.

Plaque control

Use fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth, use tooth floss, tooth gap, etc.

Eat less snacks

Eat less snacks, stay away from sugar -containing beverages, rinse white water after taking sugar, reducing food residues.

Periodic inspection

It is recommended to conduct oral examination every 6 to 12 months. For those who are easy to dental, shorten the review time.

Bone amount decrease/osteoporosis

How to prevent

Active nutrition

It is best to consume from the diet, and the daily protein intake is 0.8 ~ 1.0 grams/kg weight;

Calcium intake: milk, soybeans, nuts, dark vegetables, etc. are all rich in calcium, of which milk is the most recommended.Dain more sun

It is generally recommended to expose the skin as much as possible in the sun for 15-30 minutes in the sun at 11 am to 3 pm. Pay attention to avoid strong light to prevent the skin from being sunburned.

Adhere to the scientific movement

It is recommended that adults perform regular physical weight exercises (such as running, ball sports), exercise five times a week, and exercise for 30 minutes to 1 hour each time.

Quitting

Avoid excessive drinking coffee and carbonated beverages.

Try to avoid using drugs that increase bone loss, such as glucocorticoids.

Prevent fall

Middle -aged and elderly people should pay attention to the prevention of falling to avoid the occurrence of brittle fractures.

Long press the picture below, you can conduct self -examination of the peers

Long press the picture below, you can perform the epidemic risk level query

Source: Basic Public Health Service Project Propaganda Platform

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