[China Brain Health Day] Pay attention to brain health and prevent stroke

【Introduction】

September 16, 2022 is the 23rd "China Brain Health Day". The theme of the World Brain Health Day in 2022 is "Everyone enjoys brain health."

Cerebral vascular disease is one of the most important issues that affect brain health. "China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2021" shows that it is estimated that at present, 2.8 million new cerebrovascular diseases are currently developed in my country, and the number of patients with cerebrovascular diseases exceeds 20 million, and the prevalence is 15.960/100,000. The number of deaths is about 1.77 million. In the past 20 years, my country's cerebrovascular disease mortality rate has gradually increased, and rural mortality rates are significantly higher than cities. The prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in China is focusing on rural areas. The incidence of stroke was 34.51/100,000, and the average age of onset was (66.4 ± 12.0). The countryside is higher than the city, and men are higher than women. Among them, the incidence of strokes in the northeast region is the highest and the lowest in South China.

1. What exactly is the stroke?

Stroke refers to a group of urgency of vascular disease, also known as acute cerebrovascular disease, commonly known as stroke. The stroke includes subaraidial cavity hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. From the perspective of modern medicine, stroke is due to the occurrence of cerebrovascular problems, causing brain cells to lose blood, oxygen and nutrient supply, and eventually damage the brain cells and then affect the functions of some brain cells, such as activity, such as activity, such as activity And language function hinders patients' self -care ability. The most common symptoms of stroke are the language, exercise, and sensory dysfunction of patients with different degrees of patients with patients. Chinese medicine is called half -bodies, commonly known as hemiplegia. Hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and diabetes are recognized four risk factors of stroke. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the chance of stroke. Patients with hypertension are 6 times that of normal blood pressure, and about 80%of patients with cerebral hemorrhage are caused by hypertension.

2. How to quickly identify strokes?

The typical symptoms of stroke are only headaches and vomiting, and it is easy to confuse with other diseases. It can be judged by "FAST":

F, Face (Face): Ask the patient to laugh, see the patient's mouth crooked, the face of the patient's stroke will appear asymmetric, and the patient cannot smile normally.

A that is ARM (arm): requires patients to raise their hands to see if the patient has a numbness and weakness.

S, Speech: Ask the patient to say a word repeatedly to see if words are difficult or unclear.

T is Time (time): clearly write down the onset time and send it to the hospital immediately.

Third, three -level prevention of stroke

(1) First -level prevention: For those with risk -stroke risk factors, actively treat risk factors, and regularly monitor the occurrence of other risk factors and take targeted measures to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

1. Control blood pressure and blood sugar. Keep cholesterol, low -density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride.

2. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, quit smoking and alcohol, salt reduction, appropriate exercise, psychological balance, and reducing staying up late.

3. Supplement folic acid in an appropriate amount.

4. Regular exercise, especially the regular aerobic exercise, can effectively prevent stroke. Lack of sports is an independent risk factor for the onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and it is an independent factor to increase the risk of death. The regular aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of 45.9 % of patients with chronic diseases. General light physical activity and intermittent physical exercise cannot achieve the role of preventing stroke. In order to reach the effective level, it is recommended that each exercise time is not less than 30 minutes, and the total time of the week is not less than 150 minutes. , Swimming and so on. If it is supplemented by muscle reinforcement (resistance) training, the effect is better.

5. Restricting the salt content in the diet, eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, regular physical exercise, and avoiding excessive drinking can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

(2) Tier 2 prevention: "early detection and early treatment". For patients who have occurred once or multiple strokes, early diagnosis and early treatment are given to prevent severe cerebral vascular diseases, prevent the disease from worsening, prevent disability and disability and disability and disability and disability and disability and disability and disability Dysfunction, intervention content includes control of patients with high risk factors, rehabilitation treatment and training guidance, psychological support, etc.

(3) Level 3 prevention: Refers to the disability caused by the disease to actively carry out functional rehabilitation exercises while avoiding recurrence. The content mainly includes rehabilitation medical care, training guidance, psychological guidance, and knowledge popularization. In order to restore or compensate the patient's defect as much as possible, it enhances its ability to participate in social life.

In short, changing unhealthy lifestyles, actively screening and controlling various risk factors, preventing or delaying stroke occur, promote my country's "brain health action", strengthen brain health management of the whole life cycle, promote the implementation of brain health actions Essence

Author: Wang Xiaoli

Source: Shenyang Disease Prevention and Control Center

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