Experts reveal "the secret of mosquitoes": not all mosquitoes are "vampires"

Not all mosquitoes are "vampires"

A few days ago, the National Health and Health Commission responded to the "Suggestions on the Development of Mosquito" proposed by the National People's Congress. A response released by the official website of the National Health and Health Commission states that the prevention of the biological prevention of the diseased media is an important basic work in the construction of healthy China. It controls harmful diseases biology from the source and reduces the risk of spreading the media through the media.

The elimination of mosquitoes is the wish of many people. But is it really a pest of mosquitoes? Can mosquitoes be completely eliminated? The reporter interviewed Zhao Tongyan, a media biologist of the Military Medical Research Institute, and decrypted the "secrets of mosquitoes".

Will mosquitoes be hot?

Low temperature and high temperature can affect mosquito survival

When it comes to mosquitoes, everyone must be familiar with. However, "the name" mosquito "in the name is not all mosquitoes. People often say that the 'mosquito' that can bite and spread the disease is a major type of insects in the mosquito family of nodular animal door insects." Zhao Tongyan introduced At present, mosquitoes have 3 Asian families such as giant mosquito, mosquito Asian family, and wattheminea family, which are widely distributed worldwide.

Many netizens discussed that this summer has become less mosquitoes. Is this really the case? In this regard, Zhao Tongyan did not answer directly. "The experience of various places may be different. In Guangzhou, the weather is hot and less precipitated this summer, and the amount of mosquitoes may be affected." Zhao Tong said.

How can mosquitoes become less? Zhao Tong Yan explained that temperature, humidity and rainfall can affect the growth and development of mosquitoes, and then affect its density. All insects are warm animals, and the temperature affects the survival and development of insects. The temperature of mosquitoes allows survival is about 8 ° C to 40 ° C, and the most suitable temperature is 22 ° C to 30 ° C. For mosquitoes, low temperature and high temperature may adversely affect their survival.

"Another thing is that mosquitoes need to survive in the water, especially in the larvae stage. Everyone feels that 'mosquitoes have become less", which may refer to less white -patterned mosquitoes. This is a container -type water mosquito. Bottle and cans are prone to stagnant water, and it is easy to give birth to this kind of mosquito. The weather is hot and less rainwater. The water in these containers has less water, and there is no environment for mosquito survival. The stagnant water reduces the density of mosquitoes, but as the stagnation is formed again, the density of mosquitoes will be restored. "

However, Zhao Tongyan also said: "Sometimes people's feelings are not necessarily comprehensive and accurate, and they cannot be simply said that 'more mosquitoes have more' or 'less'. Maybe there are less mosquitoes in the city, but there are no less mosquitoes in the countryside. For example, three belts, three belts The beak library mosquito grows mainly in the stagnant water of rice fields. Not only does rainfall and temperature affect factors, irrigation and sun -sunbath may also be influencing factor. "

"The mosquito prevention projects carried out in the city will also cause mosquito reduction. Everyone feels that there are fewer mosquitoes, and it may be human intervention." Zhao Tongyan said that in addition to natural factors such as weather, human factors will also affect the survival of mosquitoes.

Mosquito survives by vampire?

Some mosquitoes can lay eggs without blood blood

Mosquitoes are generally distributed on the earth, and about 4,000 kinds of mosquitoes have been discovered. Zhao Tongyan introduced that in China, there are more than 400 recordings recorded in China. The more diverse mosquitoes in the south areas, the more various mosquito species are distributed in Hainan, Yunnan and other places. Northeast, Northwest, and North China There are fewer types, but the absolute density is higher, especially in forests, swamps and other areas.

What kind of insect is mosquito? Zhao Tongyan introduced that mosquitoes are completely perverted insects. "Female mosquitoes are usually spawned in water, and larvae after eggs are hatched. There are four years of larvae, and they can eat in water in the water. Next, after about two days, the larvae will become feathered into mosquito flying into mosquito flying. Out. "Zhao Tongyan said that in general, the life span of male mosquitoes is very short and can only survive for one to two weeks; and female mosquitoes can survive for more than a month.

Under normal circumstances, the male mosquito was hatched in the same batch of eggs. After 24 hours of female mosquito feathers, they started dance and mating. "Everyone may have experienced this kind of life experience. Under some big trees, I saw mosquitoes flying into groups. This is a female mosquito and male mosquitoes in group dance." Zhao Tong said. After mating, the female mosquito began to find the host, which is the object of blood -sucking. After the sucking blood is completed, the blood continues to digest and the ovaries are constantly developing. After maturity, female mosquitoes begin to lay their eggs. In the process, sperm stored in the semi -proof will be released after mating and becoming a fertilized egg. After spawning, the female mosquito again looked for the host and began to suck blood for the second time. After that, the mosquito can continue to mate with sperm in the semi -agap.

"It is called a reproductive nutrition cycle before the mosquito mating, to the second blood -sucking." Zhao Tong said that under the condition of about 25 ° C, mosquito can complete a reproductive nutrition for 3 to 4 days. cycle.

However, some mosquitoes can lay eggs without blood sucking. "The harassment mosquito mosquitoes that survive in northern my country, and the harassment mosquito mosquitoes of the sharp -tank mosquito composite group are all self -cultivated mosquitoes, which can lay eggs if they do not vampire after feathering." Zhao Tongyan said "Vampire", there are some mosquito insects that do not suck blood.

Mosquitoes are pests?

Some spread the disease, but some can spread pollen

A blood -sucking mosquitoes are uncomfortable and will spread the disease. Zhao Tongyan said that according to the category of the host animals, mosquitoes have blood -bearing blood and blood -absorbing animal blood. The bloody absorbing animal blood is also subdivided into bird blood, beef blood, etc., which is of great significance in the research of infectious diseases. "For example, Chinese mosquitoes with beef blood -bearing blood are the media of the spread of malaria and wicked disease." There are reports that mosquitoes are the largest killer on the planet. Is mosquito really such a big harm? Zhao Tongyan said that in the world, the infectious diseases spread by mosquito include two types of parasitic diseases and virus diseases; parasitic diseases include malaria and silkworm diseases. In 2021, WHO announced that China had eliminated malaria. However, malaria spread by mosquitoes is still the largest infectious disease that affects human health. In addition, mosquitoes also spread some mosquito media virus, such as common dengue fever and encephalitis B. "There are some input -type diseases that are also mosquitoes, such as Zika, Kidon Kenya, etc."

Recently, some people on the Internet have asked questions, will mosquitoes spread new crown viruses and HIV viruses? Zhao Tongyan said that there have been related research on this at home and abroad. At present, there are no experiments that mosquitoes can spread the new crown and HIV virus. Everyone should not worry too much in daily life.

Caused by disease is one of the main hazards of mosquitoes, but in daily life, the "itch" brought by the "itch" and sound harassment of mosquito sucking cannot be underestimated. When resting at night, mosquitoes are bitten, and the quality of sleep will be greatly reduced. "Especially in wild workers who work and live in high -density of mosquitoes, mosquitoes are very serious about their blood blood and harassment." Zhao Tong said.

What kind of person "recruit mosquitoes"? Zhao Tongyan said that the amount of carbon dioxide exhaling and sweat composition of human beings affect mosquito preferences. Some people have a large amount of breathing and are prone to provoke mosquitoes; some people sweat the lactic acid and ammonia water to a certain ratio, and it is also easy to provoke mosquitoes.

So, is it only good for mosquitoes? In fact, it is not the case. "Some mosquitoes are insects that spread pollen, which will play the role of flour when eating flower juice. Passing powder is meaningful to the entire ecosystem, including crop growth and plant breeding." Zhao Tong said, "Of course, mosquitoes are not like like Bee is an important pink insect, but it does have a certain positive role in this regard. "

Can mosquitoes be completely eliminated?

The possibility of human extinction mosquitoes is very small

In production and life, mosquitoes are "criminals" and "annoying". How can we deal with it?

It is reported that in recent years, the National Health and Health Commission has continuously strengthened the scientific management of mosquito prevention and actively carried out pathogenic monitoring of pathogenesis. The national pathogenesis biological monitoring points have reached 1097, forming a "triple -in -one" mosquito biological ecology such as mosquitoes such as mosquitoes. Learning, pathogenics, and anti -medicinal monitoring networks provide scientific basis for the risk assessment, prediction and early warning, and control planning of mosquito and mosquito media infectious diseases, and also provide a decision -making basis for scientific selection of mosquito control agents.

In fact, as early as the 1970s, Lu Baolin, a Chinese medicine insect scholar, proposed the theory of comprehensive prevention and control of mosquitoes. Zhao Tongyan introduced that the comprehensive prevention and control of mosquitoes is based on the overall concept of mosquito and environment and social conditions. The principle of treating the root cause according to the symptoms and both the symptoms and the cure. The method of environmental prevention and treatment reduces the density of the harmful mosquito species to spread the disease to the level that is not enough to constitute the harm, and remove it in a conditional area. In terms of large -scale mosquitoes, measures such as fish farming and moist irrigation with agricultural are also an important method for mosquito extinguishing mosquitoes.

"The density of mosquitoes in the rice fields eats mosquito larvae in the rice field; wet irrigation avoids large -scale and long -term continuous farmland stagnant water, and there are fewer mosquitoes." Zhao Tong said. The centered and clearing of mosquito -reinforcement land carried out by my country's cities and towns is also a large -scale mosquito -extinguishing action.

It is reported that some universities and research institutions have cultivated and put on a group of sterilized mosquitoes that have been specially treated, trying to achieve a decline in population population through mating with wild mosquitoes through infertility mosquitoes. Zhao Tongyan said that this study is currently in the scientific exploration stage and the expansion test stage. "Science and technology are constantly developing and progressing, and the struggle between humans and mosquitoes is endless."

In this case, is mosquito extinction? "The urban environment changes have an impact on the survival of mosquitoes, but mosquitoes will not be extinct because of this." Zhao Tong said that the possibility of human extinction mosquitoes is extremely small.

In daily life, how should everyone prevent mosquitoes and mosquitoes? Zhao Tongyan said that the installation of yarn doors in the living environment is the most effective way to prevent mosquito invasion. In addition, according to the habits of mosquitoes, the accumulated water of home and outdoor containers should be cleaned frequently. Long -term water storage containers can add a lid to avoid mosquitoes from getting eggs.

In addition, regular mosquito repellent water and mosquitoes are also very effective. However, Zhao Tong said that when buying mosquito repellent products, pay attention to check the product batch number. "We can see that the batch number of pesticides is written on mosquito repellent water. This is because the anti -mosquito and mosquito drugs are approved by the agricultural department of my country in accordance with laws and regulations. As long as the formal batch number is generally safe, you can use it with confidence."

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