[Prevention of birth defects] Let us know the birth defects together

September 12, 2022 is the 18th "China Prevention Flax Day". The theme of this year's event is "Prevention and treatment of birth defects and promote childbearing health." In order to implement the Healthy China Action (2022-2030), call on the whole society to pay attention to birth defects and improve the quality of the birth population. On the occasion of the 18th "China Prevention Deficiency Day", let's talk about what birth defects and how they are born and how prevention.

1. What is birth defect?

The defect of birth means that before the baby was born, there was an abnormal development in the mother's uterus. It was caused by genetic factors or environmental factors that caused the development of the embryo. Birth defects are classified from clinical symptoms and signs, which can be divided into four categories:

Structural abnormalities (such as congenital heart disease, hydrocephalus, cleft lip, and abnormal body development);

Chroma (21 trisomy syndrome, 13 trisomy syndrome, 18 trisomy syndrome, etc.);

Genetic disease (Du's muscle malnutrition, hemophilia, color blindness, etc.);

Metabolic abnormalities (phenyloneuria and cumulative glycogen cumulative disease, etc.).

Some abnormalities are visible to the naked eye, and some abnormalities must pass some special examinations to confirm the diagnosis. Mild defects may have a small impact on the body. Long -term illness, even lifelong disability.

2. Causes of birth defects

Birth defects can be caused by genetic factors or environmental factors such as chromosomal distortion, gene mutations, etc., or interact with these two factors or other unknown reasons.

1. Genetic factors: mainly include chromosomal abnormalities and genetic abnormalities;

2. Environmental factors: including nutrition, disease, infection, medication and contact with harmful substances, such as: mother infected with viruses or syphilis spirals such as rubella, giant cells during pregnancy; Toxic and harmful substances; use some teratogenic drugs;

3. Other factors, such as smoke and alcohol, are very dangerous to the fetus after drinking a large amount of alcohol. They are characterized by slow development, small head deformity, multiple small sample malformations, etc. Smoking can cause abortion, premature birth, congenital heart disease and Newborns are low weight and so on.

3. The current situation of birth defects in my country

my country is a high -incidence of birth defects. The birth defects are the main causes of early abortions, deaths, siege deaths, deaths of infants and children, and congenital disability. In my country, 900,000 children with birth defects have been added each year. The birth defect has become the primary cause of the death of children under the age of 5 under 5 years of age in my country. One such child is born every half a minute, and the prevention of birth defects has become the top priority.

4. The key to reducing birth defects is prevention

The Chinese Maternal and Child Health Career Development Report (2019) proposes that the prevention and control of birth defects must comprehensively promote first -level prevention, continuously strengthen the secondary prevention, and gradually implement the third level prevention.

First -level prevention refers to preventing defects from birth, the purpose is to eliminate factors that may cause birth defects.具体措施包括健康教育、婚前医学检查、孕前保健、遗传咨询、计划生育、最佳生育年龄选择、增补叶酸、孕早期保健(包括合理营养、预防感染、谨慎用药、戒烟戒酒、避免接触放射线和Toxic and harmful substances, avoid contact with high temperature environment), etc.

Second -level prevention refers to the birth of serious birth defects. It is mainly due to early discovery, early diagnosis and early measures during pregnancy to reduce the birth of severe birth defects. Medical means, including perinatal health care, prenatal screening, prenatal diagnosis and other technical services, discover whether the fetus has birth defects during pregnancy, and then terminate the pregnancy of severe birth defects to continue pregnancy. The second -level prevention cannot reduce the occurrence of birth defects. It can only reduce the birth of children with birth defects. It is a supplement to the first level prevention, but it still cannot guarantee that all birth defects can be found.

The third -level prevention refers to a timely and effective diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation after birth after birth to improve the quality of life of children, prevent disability, and promote health. Carry out related disease screening for newborns, early detection of birth defects, timely intervention and rehabilitation treatment, prevent diseases more serious disability to children, and improve children's self -care ability. Such as the screening of diseases such as neonatal congenital thyroid dysfunction, phenyloneuria, hearing impairment, congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia and other diseases.

Every family dreams of a healthy and smart child. Each child is the hope and future of the family, reducing birth defects, and improving the quality of the birth population.

Author: Pang Hong

Source: Shenyang Maternal and Child Hospital

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