[World First Aid Day] Relevant knowledge of acute myocardial infarction

【Introduction】

September 10th is the 23rd "World First Aid Day". This year's theme is "Lifelong First AID". The Red Cross and the Red Crescent International Federation will designate the second Saturday of September each year as "World First Aid Day". It aims to call on countries around the world to pay attention to the popularization of first aid knowledge and let more people master the emergency skills and skills. Send the scene to save life and reduce the degree of damage.

In daily life, we often "talk about the change of the stem". Now the incidence of acute myocardial infarction has become younger. The youngest patient in clinical practice is only about 20 years old, and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction has increased year by year. Upward trend.

1. The pathology of acute myocardial infarction

Most of the acute myocardial infarction is based on coronary pathogens. Coronary blood is reduced or interrupted sharply, which causes the corresponding myocardial muscle to be severely and persistently acute ischemia, and the acute myocardial infarction eventually occurs.

Second, the cause of acute myocardial infarction

The common causes of acute myocardial infarction and aggravation are: emotional excitement, full meal, severe physical activity, sharp increase in blood pressure, stretching, dehydration, bleeding, and severe arrhythmia.

Third, the prerequisite manifestation of the onset of acute myocardial infarction

50%~ 80%of patients are weak for several days before the onset of onset, chest discomfort, and symptoms such as palpitations, anxiety, irritability, angina pectoris, etc. during the activity, among which the new occurrence of angina pectoris or original angina pectoris is the most prominent manifestation.

Fourth, symptoms of acute myocardial infarction

Pain is the first symptom at the disease. Most of them occur in the early morning. The pains and properties of the pain are the same as the angina pectoris. Most of them are pain in the back of the sternum. Patients often show irritability, sweating, fear, chest tightness or dying. A small number of patients have no pain and manifested as shock or acute heart failure. Some patients have pain in the upper abdomen and are easily mistaken for acute abdomen. Some patients have pain to radiate to the lower jaw, neck, and back, and they are mistaken for toothache or osteo joint pain.

Pain is often accompanied by frequent nausea, vomiting and upper abdomen pain.

About 75%to 95%of patients have arrhythmia and are accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and syncope. Some patients also experience hypotension and shock.

5. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction

If we encounter patients with acute myocardial infarction, we must first keep calm, let us rest in bed, minimize the activity, and immediately call the 120 emergency phone to be sent to the hospital for treatment in time to prevent cardiovascular accidents. In the case of conditions permit, give oxygen absorbing, and monitor the basic life signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen; And take nitroglycerin, chew aspirin or take fast -acting savior pills. Nitroglycerin can effectively improve coronary stenosis and improve myocardial blood supply; quick -acting savior pills can only play a certain effect of calmness, so nitroglycerin is preferred.

6. Prevention of acute myocardial infarction

The prevention of myocardial infarction is equally important. Patients with "three highs", that is, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia, must actively treat primary diseases to prevent myocardial infarction. Patients with myocardial infarction should pay attention to diet, less salt, sugar, less fat, and perform appropriate aerobic exercise, get up early and get up early, avoid staying up late, and develop healthy living habits.

Author: Shang Yanjian

Source: Shenyang Emergency Center

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