"Five drugs that change the world" and its invention

Australia's "Dialogue" website published an article "Five Drugs that Change the World" (translated by Zhang Lin): "It is difficult to measure the impact of any drug on world history. But it is certain that five drugs have a huge impact on our lives, and they are often unexpected. They bring incredible benefits. "

These five drugs are anesthesia, penicillin, nitrate glycerin, oral contraceptives, and stability. Their invention process is more intriguing.

Love began at unexpected discovery (Yamaguchi Baihui). "What happened in the Scottish doctor Fleming in 1928 was one of the classic stories of the drugs that accidentally discovered the drug. Fleming went on vacation, leaving some links on the bench of his laboratory. After he returned, he returned. It was found that some penicillin (a fungal pollutant) in the air prevented the growth of links. Australian pathologist Floori and his team purified penicillin and performed the first human experiment. With the support of the United States, penicillin Large production and change the process of World War II. It is used to treat thousands of soldiers "(excerpting above).

Nitrate glycerin invented in 1847 "strangers": "Factory workers in contact with explosives have headaches and face redness symptoms. This is because nitroglycerin is a vascular extension -it will expand (open) blood vessels. He tested nitroglycerin on himself and conducted experiments on the patients of his angina pectoris. Their pain was almost immediately relieved "(the same as before).

Oral contraceptives belong to "Innovation of Innovation": "In 1951, American breeding advocates Sann requested researchers to develop effective hormonal contraceptives in Pincas. Machining helps to prevent ovulation and develop test pills accordingly. Clinical trials are conducted for vulnerable women, especially in Puerto Rico. This new drug has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The company is sold in the name of 'Ennanovid' (the same excerpts).

These drugs should have corresponding patents. The application of drug invention is the "major field" for the patent bureau.

Hennessey, a professor at the Franklin Pierce Law Center in the United States, believes that the patent system has nothing to do with invention, and the patent system is protected by investment. And for this example, it is precisely because of the patent system of plant varieties that private investment exceeds government investment far. The ratio of the two is 270: 2 (billion US dollars) (the U.S. Embassy in China Cultural Division at the beginning of this century).

Domestic research: "Stimulation of inventors: refers to the incentive factors that promote the inventor to the invention and create enthusiasm for invention. According to the analysis of the results of a survey, the stimulus factors of the personal invention of the development researchers are as follows. Article: In order to win 23%in the competition; interested in learning 17%; to obtain 12%of patent rights; to complete the task quota for 11%; Dictionary "China Foreign Economic and Trade Publishing House, 1994).

(Ma Xiushan, August 31, 2022)

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