What are the causes of nutritional disorders in patients with tumor

1. What is nutritional disorders?

Nutritional disorders include excess nutrition, abnormal trace nutrients and malnutrition. Among them, excess nutrition and malnutrition are important factors affecting the treatment, rehabilitation, and quality of life in patients with tumor patients.

Excess nutrition includes obesity and overweight. It is a chronic metabolic disease that causes excessive fat accumulation in the body and abnormal distribution in the body and reaches the degree of health. The important risk factors of chronic diseases such as hemostatic, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, fatty liver, and tumor.

Nutrition is due to insufficient energy and (or) protein intake, which leads to a reduction in the body's defense ability to tumor cells and pathogenic microorganisms, thereby increasing the risk of infection of patients, delaying wound healing. At the same time The loss of fat leads to atrophy of the organs of the internal organs, which affects the response, survival time and quality of life of patients' anti -tumor treatment.

2. What are the causes of nutritional disorders in patients with tumor?

1. Bad lifestyle

Before the clinic, some patients were gathered in visceral and abdominal fat due to bad lifestyle (such as high energy, high -fat and high -sugar diet, excessive drinking, etc.), and heart obese appeared. After the weight is not controlled, one or more metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension are further occurred. The body has been in a high blood sugar state for a long time. In order to maintain the stability of the internal environment and the normal blood glucose, it will increase the secretion of insulin and cause the body to be in the state of high insulin ledmia. Common causes of hypertension in Chinese residents are the excess of salt in daily diet, causing plasma capacity dilatation and sodium retention, sympathetic nerve and nephonal vascular tension -aldehyde system activation, insulin resistance, and fat factors imbalance. Related studies have shown that high cholesterol can increase the risk of diabetes and cause changes in the body's environment. The above factors may further aggravate the obesity.

2. The effect of anti -tumor treatment

After tumor patients receive a series of anti -tumor therapy (such as surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy), it will inevitably affect the body and cause adverse reactions (such as decreased appetite, such as decreased appetite. , Malnutrition) and other metabolic diseases (such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, etc.).

(1) Surgery: The trauma stress of the surgery can cause some hormones and metabolism in the patient, which will induce endocrine disorders. For example, after oral tumor surgery, the patient's opening activity is limited, postoperative discomfort, or pain can cause loss of appetite, causing food to take food photography Decreased in -weight, weight loss, and even malnutrition.

(2) Chemotherapy: On the one hand, chemotherapy can affect the insulin sensitivity of patients with tumor, induces insulin resistance, high insulin ledmia, and blood glucose regulation disorders, and can also cause estrogen levels. On the other hand, chemotherapy drugs can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, changes in taste, gastrointestinal mucosal damage, loss of appetite, and anorexia, which indirectly affects the intake of nutrients and further aggravate the body's malnutrition.

(3) Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy is deficient in growth hormone, an important obesity pathogenic factors among the survivors of cancer, endocrine therapy used in breast cancer and prostate cancer can cause low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) increased and insulin resistance, which led to fluctuations in blood sugar and increased the incidence of cardiovascular disease and thrombosis.

3. Cognitive deviation of patients and family members

Some families mistakenly believe that their relatives and friends are sick and admitted to the hospital, and the best way to promote rehabilitation is to eat nutrient supplements; the increase in weight after illness is a symbol of restoration of health; worrying about the outside world, such as harsh patients, if they are blamed for patients, do not care about the health of patients, and cook thus cooking And urge relatives and friends to eat a lot of greasy foods; worry that the relatives and friends have not recovered after surgery, and it is not advisable to engage in labor and exercise, so that the calorie intake is much higher than the calories consumed by the body, resulting in weight gain and even obesity.

Some patients and family members have diet misunderstandings, such as "the sugar ability of tumor cells is much higher than normal cells, so you can starve to death without eating sugar or carbohydrates", "Nutrition in soup, you should drink more soups. , Eat less meat "," dog meat, beef and other foods can promote tumor recurrence and metastasis ", etc., which leads to restrictions on the types of food and cooking. bad.

(Author: Hunan Cancer Hospital Zhao Linsha)

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