Preventing newborns defects: Before -produced screening focuses on!

Experts in this article:

Zhang Hui, director and chief physician of the Capital Pediatric Institute

Dai Pu, the Director and Chief Physician of the Academic Committee of the Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital of the General Hospital of the PLA

Children's health is the top priority of many families. Once they are sick, parents are worried. According to the "China birth defect prevention report (2012)" released by the former Ministry of Health in 2012, the incidence of defects in the birth of newborns in my country is about 5.6%, and about 900,000 children with new birth defects each year ①. Among them, congenital heart disease and hearing disorders are key diseases with high incidence, severe disease burden, and affecting newborns' health.

On August 25, under the guidance of the Maternal and Child Health Department of the National Health Commission, Tencent released the "Red Umbrella Program". The plan will be established and implemented through the "screening diagnosis and treatment of a network" innovation model. The ability to screen, diagnose, and treat, and help improve the health level of grassroots women and children.

Psychological disease

Two early screening points must be known

"The incidence of congenital heart disease in my country is 7 ‰ ~ 8 ‰, and there are still a trend of increasing." Professor Zhang Hui, director of cardiac surgery of the Capital Pediatric Research Institute, said that the incidence of congenital heart disease in various regions is different. The rate is 6 ‰ ~ 7 ‰, and the incidence of psychological diseases in the Tibet and Yunnan regions is as high as about 20 ‰.

What are the causes of the disease?

Professor Zhang Hui said that the occurrence of congenital disease may be related to a series of genetic factors and environmental factors. For example, mothers may be infected with viruses, or take some drugs, or contact a toxic and harmful environment, or receive too much radiation, or mothers have diabetes, phenyliuria, etc., which may affect fetal health.

How to find out early heart disease?

Professor Zhang Hui suggested that at the 18 weeks to 24 weeks of pregnancy, the pregnant mother must do a fetal ultrasonic heart dynamic diagram. This is a dedicated examination of the heart of the fetus. It can observe the shape of the heart to check the heart of the heart. Mainly deformities, such as ventricular interval defects, room septal defects, etc. It is a very effective early diagnosis that children have congenital heart malformations. Another screening time is 24 to 72 hours after the birth of the newborn. The current method of promoting in my country is mainly to measure the saturation of heart murmur and meridian vein blood oxygen. These two methods have no trauma and high reliability.

What are the treatment methods?

The current treatment methods of psychological diseases mainly include two categories, one is traditional surgery, and the other is to intervene in blocking surgery. In recent years, traditional surgery has gradually moved towards small cut oralization or minimally invasiveness, and intervention itself is minimally invasive. The damage is small and the patient recovers quickly. "Overall the treatment effect of congenital heart disease is very good." Professor Zhang Hui said, "Most of the congenital heart disease, such as common ventricular septal defects, room septal defects, arterial ducts are not closed, pulmonary stenosis, etc. %. "

"The vast majority of patients with heart disease have no difference from normal people after treatment. They work, live, study, and get married normally." Professor Zhang Hui said, "There are still some patients who are worried about whether they will be inherited to the next generation. In fact Don't worry, congenital heart disease is not a hereditary disease, and most of the heart disease will not be inherited to the next generation. "

Freshman Children

It is critical to discover early

"The incidence of deafness in newborns is 1 ‰ ~ 3 ‰. At present, there are 20,000 to 30,000 children with deafness every year in my country." Said Professor Dai Park, Director of the Academic Committee of the Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital of the General Hospital of the PLA General Hospital.

What are the causes of deafness in children?

"50%to 60%of children's deafness is inherited, which is caused by genetic mutations." Professor Dai Pu said that the second major factor is virus, such as giant cell virus, herpes virus, mump virus, and pregnant mothers have intrauterine infections Or infection after the baby is born, "especially the giant cell virus, it is very clear that it has something to do with the damage of the hearing organs." In addition, fever, hypoxia, and jaundice are also the main causes of deafness in newborns.

How to find a child with deaf deaf?

Determining whether the newborn has hearing impairment, parents need to observe meticulous observation. For example, the child has a very subtle voice and is very sensitive, and most of them have no big problems; With various sound tests, if you find that children are not sensitive to various sounds, they need to find a doctor to identify and diagnose.

Some children were discovered by parents at 3 or 5 years old to start seeing a doctor. Some people say that "noble people are late", they must pay attention, and late speaking may also be caused by hearing impairment. In order to prevent parents from judging errors, large and medium -sized cities across the country have already performed newborn listening screening, which can screen most newborn deafness.

What are the treatment methods of deaf deafness?

If the child is suspected of deafness, it is necessary to further clarify the degree of deafness, judge whether it is conductive deafness, mixed deafness, or sensitive neurotic deafness. "For example, the child's hearing is very poor and the deafness is extremely heavy, which may be neurotic deafness. This kind of deafness accounts for most of them." Professor Dai Pu suggested that children with deafness must start intervention between 3 months and half years old. Don't want to do not want Late half -year -old. "We hope that all new deaf children will accept intervention within 6 months and accept recovery, including wearing hearing aids. If necessary, consider implantation of cochlear implantation between half -year -old and one year old."

Prevention of birth defects

These points are important

Preventing birth defects, in addition to people's more familiar active marriage inspections, pregnancy inspections, regular production inspections, and supplementation of folic acid, according to the "core information of birth defect prevention and control of health education" issued by the National Health Commission, the following aspects should be noted.

1. Youth fertility, scientific pregnancy prepare for pregnancy

Women over 35 years of age are pregnant as an elderly pregnancy, which will increase the risk of endless pregnancy ending during pregnancy hypertension, diabetes, and embryo stopping, miscarriage, fetal birth defects.

2. Avoid contact with toxic and harmful substances

Pre -pregnancy and pregnancy should avoid toxic and harmful substances such as lead, mercury, benzene, formaldehyde, pesticide, etc., and avoid contact with radiation.

3. Actively treat your own disease

Women who plan to get pregnant, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, thyroid diseases, lung diseases, mental disorders, autoimmune diseases, etc., should be actively treated, and they should be prepared after the disease is cured or the disease is stable.

4. Careful medication during pregnancy

During pregnancy, disease may have adverse effects on mothers and fetal health. Pregnant women should seek medical treatment in a timely manner. Under the guidance of a doctor, do not take medicine without authorization, nor should they refuse to take necessary drugs because they are too worried about the effect of the drug on the fetus.

5. Timely screening after newborn birth

After the birth of the newborn, the screening of diseases such as phenoloneuria, congenital thyroid dysfunction, and hearing disorders should be received in time to promote early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment of congenital diseases; Essence

"Red Umbrella Plan"

Screening and treating a network

"At present, there is indeed a gap between the screening level of birth defects." Both experts mentioned the problem of the level of diagnosis and treatment in different regions. Professor Zhang Hui believes that in order to improve the level of cardiopathic screening and diagnosis and treatment in the relatively backward region, we must first strengthen the professional training of grass -roots doctors to improve the diagnosis and treatment technology of grassroots doctors. As a compulsory project in the screening; finally, social public welfare organizations actively participate in popular science propaganda.

Professor Dai Park said that "the diagnosis and treatment of a net" is a good concept. The sieve is to discover; then the specific diagnosis is mild deafness, moderate deafness, or severe deafness or extremely deafness; finally for deaf -child children; Provide the best rehabilitation and intervention methods. The ultimate goal is to let these children return to society.

The "Red Umbrella Plan" will be gradually implemented in low resource areas in the central and western regions. On the basis of the provincial big data accumulation and effective management of the Health Commission in the pilot area, Tencent will make full use of the advantages of technology and platform to build the benchmark mode of "screening and treating a network" of major infants and young children to achieve a screening from screening from screening Investigation, diagnosis, treatment to rehabilitation full chain management, and full coverage of infants 0-6 years old, promoted early screening and early diagnosis and early treatment. It is understood that the plan starts with two congenital defects: Conditional disease and hearing disorders, and finally hopes to promote the screening rate of congenital heart disease, congenital heart disease and hearing impairment in the newborn. Can't treat or return to poverty due to illness.

According to reports, the "Red Umbrella Plan" starts from the pilots of Guyuan and Wu Zhong in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In the future, the plan will also extend to more high -incidence of maternal and children.

Source: Health Times

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