Five questioning monkeys spread: Is it a sexually transmitted disease?Will it spread through the air?

On July 23, after the Second Emergency Meeting of the World Health Organization Emergency Committee, the Director -General of the WHO Tan Dezai announced that it was listed as a public health incident in international concern. The highest -level alarm of infectious diseases, the last time this level of infectious disease was released, is a new crown.

As of now, the Monkey Acne epidemic has spread to nearly 90 countries, and there are nearly 32,000 cases of global acne diagnosis. Among them, the United States has reported the most cases (one -third). The United States Biden government announced last week that monkey acne was an emergency of public health.

This time, the epidemic of the monkey acne is obviously different from the past. For decades, monkey acne virus has appeared many times in Africa. According to the observations of local researchers, there are often some sporadic or small cluster cases occasionally, usually hunting and treatment of infected animals or infection after being bitten. Start long -chain transmission in the human community.

One of the most noteworthy issues of this abnormal epidemic is: how is the pox virus spread in this wave of epidemic? Is monkey acne a sexually transmitted disease? Will it spread through the air? Will it spread to other people other than men and men? What should countries that have not yet found cases should be found?

In response, Surging News interviewed Danielbausch, a member of the WHO Emergency Committee, a professor of tropical medicine from London Health and Tropical Medical College, and a member of the Emergency Committee of the WHO and a professor of infectious diseases at Niger Delta University, Two experts of Dimieogoina tried to further explain the above issues.

Monkey acne mainly spread

The real primitive host of monkey acne virus is unclear. Earlier, people found that it was mainly in the body of small mammals in central and western Africa. It did not "be good at" infection with humans. To infection, they need to contact and consume large doses of viruses.

The WHO pointed out that there are currently three ways to make infected people contact sufficient number of virus infections: direct skin contact with damage (such as pustules); exposure to contaminated objects; and close contact with the respiratory secretions, such as oral cavity Or the saliva of a person with damage to the throat. At present, it can be clearly seen from epidemiological evidence that most of the cases of pox acne popularity are caused by the first way -especially the close contact between sexual partners.

Better contact, such as shaking hands or touching fists, is unlikely to cause spread. And intimate contact, such as repeated touch, hugs, or severe frictions, especially any behavior that may cause small abrasions on the skin, it will be more likely to infect monkey acne virus.

According to the description of the US Disease Control and Prevention Center (CDC), the overall clinical characteristics of the American acne epidemic in the United States in 2022 include: 1) 98.7%of the cases; 2) 94%of men within 3 weeks before the onset of the onset Behavior; 3) 100%of rash, the most common is genital rash, followed by arms, faces, and legs.

Daniel Bosch said in an interview with surging news that monkey acne virus usually spreads through direct physical contact with patients, although in the early stages, can also be transmitted through close contact and cough. But compared with the new crown virus, its infectiousness is much smaller.

Bowesch said it is unclear whether the virus will be widely spread among the general population, and it has not seen evidence that it has broke through the group of male contacts to enter a wider population.

"Of course we want to prevent this situation, including further spread in the male and male homosexual communities. We should act with caution and do not stigmatize any group when dealing with this epidemic. The virus can affect all of us, "Bolsch said.

Is monkey acne a sexually transmitted disease?

It is unclear whether the urine, feces, blood, semen, or vaginal liquid will spread virus, to what extent the asymptomatic people will infect others, and how many effects of droplet particles that inhale the respiratory tract have played in the spread.

It is certain that monkey acne can be spread through a way including sexual contact. In this epidemic, sexual contact is the main way to spread viruses, but it cannot be considered that monkey acne is a sexually transmitted disease.

According to a report issued by the WHO this week, 91%of the 5982 global acne cases with disseminated data can be attributed to sexual contact. WHO said that so far, most cases in this wave of acne epidemic are concentrated in male and men's sexual contacts.

Bowesch further stated that 98%of this wave of epidemic cases are male actors. "But it is unclear whether this is really through sexual transmission, although in many cases, monkey acne lesions have been found on the patient's genitals and rectal, or more precisely, whether this just reflects people through sexual behavior through sexual behavior His contact, "he said.

In sexual contact, a variety of communication mechanisms may coexist, including contacting lesions, switching body fluids, and inhaling respiratory tract droplets -and it is difficult to separate them. However, the real sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis, can only occur through sexual behavior. In this regard, the current data cannot be attributed to this category.

However, more and more research is indeed providing strong evidence for the possibility of sexual communication, or at least showing that the contact between the skin and the infected lesions is the main driver of infection.

In a study, German researchers and public health institutions found in 349 cases of acne (all men), and they have recently had sexual contact or other intimate contact with other men. The contact tracking data of the German research group further discovered that patients with acne infected only infected with sexual contact with them. Others are considered to be intimate contacts (such as roommates and colleagues) that are not infected with this disease.

In another study published in the New England Medical Journal, British researchers carefully studied the medical records of about 500 cases of acne cases in the first three months of the outbreak of 16 countries. They found that in 95%of cases, patients were most likely to be infected by sexual contact with people who had already infected. More than 70%of patients are damaged around the genitals, anus or oral cavity. Among the 32 cases of semen samples, viruses appeared among 29 cases.

Another research team in Italy also conducted a further exploration. In this case study published in the infectious disease of "Liuye Knife", the researchers found that 19 days after the adoption of the symptoms appeared, and the semen was still in the semen, the semen was still in the semen. There are lively infectious viruses. This strengthens semen may be the argument of potential disease transmission.

However, the above -mentioned scientists emphasized that this discovery needs to be confirmed in more other cases. The patients in the above studies are also a man carrying HIV. Researchers hope that this discovery has nothing to do with the differences between the immune system of people carrying HIV in clearing monkey acne virus and normal people.

In fact, before the outbreak of the epidemic this year, monkey acne virus can effectively pass through sexual transmission clues. In 2017, Nigeria experienced a large -scale monkey acne epidemic. At that time, the virus had begun to spread in male gay groups. Experts said that these warning signals were ignored.

Demi Oginina told Peng Mei News that although the exact source of the transmission of monkey acne spread was unclear in Nigeria at the time, some people had reported reports.

"Most cases are related to the gathering of male and male actors. But it is not surprising that if sexual communication is transferred to heterosexuals. Although it is currently in Nigeria, there are very few cases of heterosexual dissemination." Ogena Say.

Compared with 2017 and 2018, monkey acne virus strains, the gene sequencing of the current popular monkey acne genome shows amazing number of mutations. However, researchers are still arguing whether these changes indicate that the virus has evolved more infectious, or just because the virus has found a new human group, and this group happens to have a highly connected and close social network.

Can monkey acne spread through the air?

So far, scientists have not found air transmission as evidence of the outbreak of monkey acne epidemic. Research on contact tracker in Europe found that contaminated air is unlikely to be the main source of communication.

A group of researchers in Spain found that only 21 of the 153 people who were known to have acne viruses had a monkey acne, of which 13 were family contacts. In all these cases, exposure occurs before the patient is diagnosed. Once the patient is diagnosed and is isolated at home, there is no secondary case.

A report released by the British National Medical Service (NHS) also found that family communication was very limited. If someone will be infected through air, it must be close contacts in the family.

This is consistent with the incident that happened in 2018. At that time, a British medical staff infected with monkey acne from a patient. Later investigations believed that the most likely because of the medical staff who did not take protective measures to help the patient exchange the sheets to change the sheets. Inhale virus particles.

However, this situation is different from the infection of the new coronary virus. The new coronal virus can be transmitted in the air through gas solution. A Spanish study found that among the 188 patients with acne, the virus load contained in the nose and throat collection is three times lower than the order contained in the swab collected from the skin injury.

The author of the above -mentioned research wrote: "Our research strengthens the evidence of skin contact in sexual behavior as the main mechanism for the spread of the monkey acne." At present, a large amount of evidence shows that the pox virus can exist in the form of gas solids, but inhale these air -solubles and the air -soluble oscillating and it can be inhaled, but these air -soluble oscillary can be inhaled, but these air -soluble osoma can be inhaled. It is not the main factor that leads to popularity. "

Can asymptomatic patients spread the disease?

In this regard, Belgian researchers discovered monkey acne in the anus or rectum wipes of the 224 male patients in the samples of 224 male patients, but None of the three of them had any symptoms.

Whether these asymptomatic patients can pass the monkey acne to others are still an unknown problem, and they need to conduct more in -depth research to better understand the potential risks of asymptomatic infected people.

Will contact with contaminated objects be infected?

The surrounding environment of patients with acne will be contaminated due to lesions, respiratory secretions and body fluids, and the virus will stay on the surface they have used. According to existing research, it is known that the virus can survive in the home of the infected person for 15 days.

However, the epidemic data of the epidemic proved that the acne virus did not spread well in this way. According to the recent report of the WHO, only about 0.2%of the infected people were infected with virus through contact with contaminated substances.

Most experts believe that the epidemic of monkey acne is not as popular as a new crown.How to prevent those countries that have not yet found cases?For the public, what are the most important suggestions?Bolsch said that all countries should strengthen monitoring of monkey acne to ensure that they have a clear case definition that ordinary people and medical workers can understand and ensure the establishment of a diagnostic detection mechanism.

Ogena said, "Keep vigilant, strengthen monitoring, inform the public, reduce anxiety, and prepare for the health system for possible cases."

Source: Surging News

Edit: Wang Jing

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