After scratching and cutting, no matter how small the wound is, don’t forget to do this

What would happen if I accidentally tied up by an iron nail?

Many people may think: Isn't it a nail? What else can you do?

But the facts may be much more serious than you think.

Talk about the true thing that happened recently. In June 2022, a man in Qingdao was ticked by iron nails. At that time, he didn't take it seriously, but then his feet were so painful.

When the man arrived at the hospital, he had passed the hypoxic brain disease, infection, and organ failure. During the period, he experienced a large and small rescue several times. He finally rescued his life.

(Source: Qilu Evening News)

The culprit of all this is the tetanus infection caused by iron nail wounds.

Torture wind, many people often listen, but did not take it seriously.

As everyone knows, its mortality rate is still as high as 30%to 50%in the global scope [1]. Therefore, it is often linked to the words of death, ICU rescue, amputation ... these words.

Tomb tetanus is a infectious disease caused by tetanus shuttle, and you may meet every day:

For example, in the rusty iron wares and soil, tetanus is the most common.

Because of its strong resistance, it can live in the soil for ten years, especially the fertilizer soil and mud. It will also be hidden in the intestines of the human body and can be excreted from the body with the feces, so even if it is in Mars, it cannot be thrown off.

Of course, tetanus rittus does not cause infection without any casual. They infect humans, with three conditions:

1. Organizational openness, deeper wounds

2. The wound is invaded by the abroad

3. In the wound, there is a loss of vital organization or local tissue ischemia and hypoxia

Take the Qingdao man mentioned at the beginning, his feet are injured by iron nails (metal conditions 1), and the iron nails have tetanus spinthromes (metal conditions 2). With less, and the wound is closed, it will also form a hypoxic environment (meet conditions three).

In the same case of meeting these three conditions at the same time, the spores of Turburrabaus will develop into a proliferation immediately, and they start to produce "poison" when rupture -release "spasm toxins", enter spinal cord, brain stem, etc., inhibitors to suppress The release of sexual transmission medium is reduced, and the excitement of motor neurons is not restrained, and the symptoms of poisoning have a poisoning.

(Source: Movie "Murder Memories")

There are two obvious symptoms:

1. Muscle tone contraction and intermittent severe spasm

The muscles in different parts are different: in the neck, the neck is straight; on the face, it is a bitter smile, and the mouth cannot be large; in the abdominal muscles, it is plate -shaped abdomen; in the back muscle, the corner bow is reversed.

In a word: muscles are not their own muscles!

2. Autonomous nerve disorders

It is manifested as unstable hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, surrounding blood vessel contraction, sweat and fever.

Some people describe that if the pain of a child is 10 points, the pain of tetanus and spasm is the pain of 10+n points.

In fact, in terms of probability, as long as there is a break, there is the possibility of infection! Of course, the probability of this possibility is different.

For example, everyone is familiar with the scene: bleed by a rusty large iron nail, the head was hit by a large pit by the glass, and was bitten by animals (cats, dogs and other animals were also carriers of tetanus sporebacteria), these All belong to the tetanus high risk exposure factor [2].

Especially when the wound is deeper, it is polluted by dust or foreign matter.

However, there are still some low -risk situations that have the possibility of infection, such as clearing teeth and bleeding, bleeding from ears, and being stunned by the bee.

It's just that the probability of infection of different wound types is different. What to do?

For the wound mentioned above, should the wound vaccine or tetanus needle? Let's first understand what they are.

Tetanus vaccine

It is a tetanus wind toxin, a antigen, which is active prevention.

To put it bluntly, it is actually "virus poison". After artificially reduced poisoning, after reducing toxins and activity, it is stimulated by your body to stimulate the immune system and produces antibodies itself. When the real virus strikes, it will be protected by antibodies!

my country has been implemented in the 1970s. At present, children's plan is to use tetanus multiple vaccines for immunization. A total of 5 stitches, the first 4 stitches are pertussis-white throat-tetanus-tetanus combined vaccine. The monthly, 5 months and 18 months of muscle injection, the fifth needle is the white throat-tetanus wind joint vaccine, which was applied at the age of 6.

If adults do not have immune before, they usually use multi -linked vaccines to inject in the upper arm bougainry muscles. The first two needles are 4 to 8 weeks, and the third enhanced injection is performed in half a year or a year. [3]

Tetanus

It is the "antibody body" that can directly inject antibodies, called passive immunity.

It has two sources:

One is human tetanus immunoglobulin, also known as "people" (Tig).

It comes from people. For example, some people with tetanus antibodies donate blood, and the extracted antibodies have been extracted. After the injection, the protection period is 2 to 3 weeks.

One is tetanus antitoxin, also known as TAT.

From the horse, in simple terms, the antibody produced on the horse, and then the antibody was extracted.

"Ma Po" has a short stay in the human body, and the protection time is only 2 to 4 days. Because it is an animal serum product, some people will be allergic, so you need to do a leather test before injection.

I accidentally tied the iron nails, should I break the wound vaccine or the tetanus needle? Two cases. 1. Those who have been vaccinated

Generally with 5 years as the boundary.

Within 5 years, if you have taken 3 stitches to break the wound vaccine and complete the entire process of immunity, then the body's antibody is very high. At this time, there is no need to vaccine or break the injury needle.

For 5 years, the existing antibodies in the body can be covered with low risk wounds (broken skin and shallow wounds).

If it is a high -risk wound (deep wound and close to the central), just make a needle tetanus vaccine, and the antibody content in the body will be raised soon.

If it exceeds 10 years, no matter what wounds encounter, you do not need to break the injury needle.

2. I have never hit tetanus vaccine or record unknown before

I have not been vaccinated before, there are no antibodies and no immune memory in the body.

If you encounter a low risk of wounds, take a needle tetanus and vaccine, and then add the remaining immune injections to complete the whole process of three stitches.

If the wound is contaminated, it is necessary to inject tetanus needles. Of course, this is just a temporary protection. After that, you need to supplement the tetanus vaccine.

However, it should be noted that after injury, the sooner the tetanus needle is injected, the better, the generally does not exceed 24 hours.

However, even after 24 hours, the tetanus needle is still worth the injection, because although the tetanus can develop within 24 hours, the incubation period can be one week or even longer.

Each of our wounds deserve attention, love ourselves, start from this moment ~

Review expert: Jiang Weimin

Chief physician of the Department of Infectious Department of Huashan Hospital of Fudan University

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