Four points should be done to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis

In recent years, the death rate of malignant tumors in my country has remained high, and the high recurrence rate of cancer species such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and gastric cancer has become a major suffering from the people. Therefore, the importance of reducing tumor recurrence and metastases is self -evident. So, what is tumor recurrence? Is tumor recurrence and tumor metastasis? In fact, the two are different in concepts. Tumor recurrence refers to tumors with the same type as primary tumors after the tumor of the original part of the original part of the original. Tumor metastasis means that the tumor migrates to other places through blood, lymph system or body cavity.

How is the tumor recurring and metastasis

Cancer cells need to spread to the entire body and need to pass through neighboring cells for migration. During the migration process, cancer cells hit the barrier that it cannot bypass. This obstacle is usually a thick layer of protein and glycoprotein surrounded by the tissue, called the base layer or base membrane. In order to pass through the basal membrane, cancer cells must secrete the mixture of enzymes to degrade the protein in the base membrane. These enzymes act as "molecular scissors" that can cut those proteins that block and metastasis. Once you pass through the basal membrane, cancer cells can be metastasized throughout the body. For example, they can be squeezed between vascular endothelial cells and enter the blood flow.

Once cancer cells enter the blood flow, they will float in the circular system until they find a suitable "station" and re -enter the tissue. Subsequently, they started to grow and proliferate in new parts to form new tumors. Many tumor patients showed different degrees of recurrence after surgery.

Surgery is the preferred treatment method for the treatment of most tumors, but surgical treatment has strict indications, which can only eradicate some early tumors. For mid -stage tumors, it may be removed or the blood vessels or lymph metastasis may occur. In this case, patients will have a great risk of recurrence, so patients should not relax their vigilance after surgery, but should take auxiliary treatment to reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Auxiliary treatment is usually a treatment given after surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells in the body, thereby reducing the probability of scattered tumors to other parts.

In the broad sense, there are many tumor -assisted therapy, such as auxiliary chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy (immunotherapy), and even traditional Chinese medicine treatment, psychotherapy, and so on. In follow -up medicine, the treatment of tumors must eliminate tumor tissues and protect the entire body to the greatest extent. Therefore, surgical resection tumors are not the end of the treatment. Postoperative adjuvant treatment can effectively prevent and treat the metastasis and recurrence of tumors. Therefore, while scientific progress is constantly improving, our concept of cancer also needs to be updated. Surgical resection should not be used as the standard for tumor root treatment, but the whole process of tumor treatment should be correctly understood, and the comprehensive treatment of cancer should be paid attention to.

Understand the cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis

There are roughly three reasons for the recurrence and metastasis of tumor:

The first is irregular treatment and incomplete treatment. This mainly refers to postoperative assistance treatment without regulatory surgery. It is usually caused by patients with adverse chemotherapy reactions, or listening to the people's recipes and secret recipes to interrupt the treatment without authorization.

The second is that the cancer constitution has not changed. Although the patient's local tumor lesions have been eliminated through surgery or chemotherapy, the tumor constitution of many tumor patients has not changed. The cause of normal cell cancer and soil that is conducive to the growth of tumor cells still exist, and tumor cells will sprout again.

The third is unhealthy lifestyle. After some patients returned to the former living environment, they restored unhealthy lifestyles.

The above are important causes of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Although the emergence of metastasis has added a lot of difficulties to treatment, it is by no means not being able to heal. There are a small part of metastatic tumors that can be cured. However, after most tumors are metastasized, the current treatment is not cured, but these patients can survive better and longer for the long -term area.

How to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis

① Standardize anti -tumor treatment in a complete and complete

When patients receive treatment, they must complete the treatment of foot treatment as much as possible. This is because the treatment of foot treatment can minimize the probability of recurrence and metastasis of tumor. For patients who cannot tolerate the treatment, we must jointly agree with the doctor and adjust the treatment plan. Remember not to interrupt the treatment or adjust the amount of drugs without authorization.

② Improve physical fitness and establish a firm defense system

In the process of preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis, the most important thing is to actively cooperate with patients and have strong will. After summarizing, we divide how to improve their constitution into the following three aspects.

First, abstinence -eliminates or avoids the incentives of tumors. For example, patients with lung cancer need to quit smoking, because the harmful substances in tobacco (such as nicotine) are closely related to the occurrence of lung cancer and gastric cancer. Patients with liver cancer need to actively treat hepatitis virus infections. At the same time, you need to quit alcohol. Do not eat mildew rice and peanuts. Patients with gastric cancer should eat less pickled and fried foods to treat Helicobacter pylori infection in time. Patients with colorectal cancer should reduce high -calorie and high -fat food intake. Patients with esophageal cancer should eat less stimulating and hot food.

Second, food -pay attention to balanced nutrition. The tumor itself is a consumer disease, coupled with surgery, radical chemotherapy and other treatment methods, all cause to varying degrees of damage to the patient's nutritional status and immune function. Therefore, tumor patients should increase about 20%of protein and calories from healthy people, that is, they need to eat meat, eggs, milk, etc. to ensure nutrition. The choice of food should be diversified, and more vegetables, fruits and other plant foods and foods rich in minerals and vitamins. Following a healthy diet model can reduce the risk of various cancers.

Third, move -strengthen physical exercise. Tumor patients can combine their own physical conditions to perform appropriate exercise, such as playing Tai Chi, jogging, yoga, etc., to improve the body's immune function and reduce the probability of tumor recurrence. It is recommended that adults perform medium -intensity body activity for 45 ~ 60 minutes per day. For people 5 to 17 years old, it is recommended that the daily high -strength exercise is cumulative for a total of 60 minutes and reduces the sitting time.

③ Keep your mood happy, properly conduct psychological guidance

No matter what diseases, the psychological suggestion of the patient is powerful. For tumor patients, psychological factors are closely related to tumor recurrence and metastases. Tumor patients are prone to negative emotions such as anxiety, despair, and long -term negative emotions will decrease the body's immunity through nerve -endocrine -immune network, increasing the probability of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Therefore, it is particularly important to maintain an optimistic attitude. Optimistic mentality is conducive to the best state of human immune motor, which is conducive to physical recovery and prevent tumor recurrence. Therefore, the psychological adjustment of tumor patients must not be ignored, and psychological intervention should be considered a treatment.

④ Regular review, not relax

For patients themselves, we must first pay attention to observing their physical conditions and changes, and find tiny signals in time. If the following conditions occur, you must pay attention.

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▶ A lumps appear in any part of the body, such as breasts, necks, abdomen, etc., especially increasing.

▶ Any part of the body, such as tongue, cheek mucosa, skin, etc. There are no trauma, especially ulcers that are not healed.

▶ After menopause, women have irregular vaginal bleeding.

▶ After eating, swallowing, burn pain, foreign body sensation, or aggravated swallowing when eating.

▶ Dry cough or blood in sputum that cannot be cured.

▶ Long -term indigestion, loss of sexual appetite, weight loss, and not found clear reasons.

▶ Change the stool habits, or blood in the stool.

▶ Nasal congestion, nasal cricket, unilateral headache or accompanied by restoration.

▶ Moles suddenly increase or ulceration, bleeding, and original hair falling off.

▶ Painless hematuria.

Finally, tumor patients must review on time. One to 2 years after surgery, a comprehensive inspection was conducted every 3 months (the recurrence and metastasis rate of tumors within 1 year); 2 to 3 years after surgery, a comprehensive examination every six months; Review once a month.

Author | Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Unico Hospital

Cancer Center Yang Shengli Hu Jianli Luo Fei Wang Xixin

Du Sisi, School of Nursing, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Review | National Health Science Popularization Expert Library Expert

Xiehe Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Professor Liu Li at the Cancer Center

Planning | Fang Tong

Edit | Mu Huanyu

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