The leading cause of the world -low back pain

Back pain, I believe that most people are no stranger to this word, and there are not a few people who are experiencing low back pain. Almost everyone has suffered or experienced back pain. Lumbar pain is very common. Due to its often obvious pain, discomfort, and activity obstacles, it seriously affects people’s work and life. While bringing a variety of inconvenience and pain to patients, it also greatly increases patients and families. Even the economic burden of society.

Related studies have shown that back pain is the primary cause of the loss of labor ability and disability in the world. Lumbar pain has the characteristics of high prevalence, high recurrence rate, and high residual rate. The well -known journal "Liu Ye Dao" once pointed out: At present, more than 500 million people around the world are suffering from back pain. Therefore, we must strengthen the public's attention to low back pain.

1. Do you really know back pain?

Back pain generally refers to pain in the lower back area, that is, the bones and muscle pain from the 12th rib to the hip plead. This kind of pain is a subjective pain that patients can clearly perceive. The thighs above the knee (can occur in unilateral or bilateral). This kind of pain is a kind of limited lumbar and back pain. The duration is often more than 1 day. The symptoms will increase when maintaining the same posture for a long time. After changing the posture, the pain can be slightly relieved. Like the most common symptoms such as headache and chest pain in life, low back pain is just a symptom rather than a disease.

Depending on the cause of low back pain, low back pain is divided into specific low back pain and non -specific low back pain. In clinical practice, non -specific low back pain accounts for about 90%of patients with low back pain. It is the most common type of low back pain. It is also the most common cause of the activity of middle -aged and elderly people. It brings physical pain and seriously threatens the life of middle -aged and elderly people. Quality and mental health. The pathogenic factor that leads to specific low back pain is related to causal connection with low back pain. This type of low back pain is generally related to factors such as infection, trauma, injury, or structural malformation; non -specific low back pain often does not have a clear cause of pathogenic causes or abnormal structural factors. According to the length of the disease, it can be divided into acute low back pain (low back pain duration within 6 weeks), subacute low back pain (back pain duration of 6-12 weeks), and chronic low back pain (back pain duration of more than 12 weeks).

2. The incidence of low incidence of low back pain cannot be ignored

Related studies have shown that the prevalence of low back pain is about 13.1%-20.3%globally. The prevalence of back pain in my country is about 7.21%-39.0%, the annual prevalence rate is about 20.88%-29.88%, and the prevalence of real-time prevalence is about 6.11%-28.5%. From this set of data, the prevalence of low back pain in the Chinese is roughly the same as the global level. However, it is worth noting that the prevalence of the total prevalence of diabetes in my country is about 11.6%, and the prevalence of high blood pressure in urban population is about 21.5%. It can be seen that the prevalence of low back pain in China is higher than that of common chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.

Back pain will also cause many people who rely on physical labor to maintain their livelihood, and cause serious economic burdens on patients, families and society. Back pain has become a very severe social public health issue.

Third, low back pain is closely related to the following factors

1. Personal factors

Age factor

Lumbar pain is a common health problem for middle -aged and elderly people. The disease is more common in people over 45 years old. However, it should be noted that in recent years, more and more young people have been plagued by low back pain, and the age of low back pain has shown a trend of youth.

Some studies believe that the stability of the spine is related to the muscles and ligaments of the waist and back. With the gradual increase of age, the muscle strength of the back and back of the back decreases, and the ligament is strained, which reduces the stability of the spine. Coupled with the degenerative changes of the spine and intervertebral disc, it causes low back pain.

Gender

Some studies believe that the chance of back pain in men is higher than women, which has a certain correlation with the nature of the work. Men are mostly engaged in physical labor, and the movements such as reversing and upper are more likely to cause damage to the waist. Therefore, the incidence of low back pain in men is higher than women. However, related researchers point out that with the changes in social labor structure, the proportion of heavy physical labor occupies gradually shrinks, and the needs of long -term fixed posture work will gradually increase, and women's activities are obviously less than men. Therefore Women engaged in fixed posture are more likely to have symptoms of back pain.

Influence

Obesity is a global health problem. Obesity will not only increase the burden on the body, but also one of the risk factors of low back pain. Excessive weight increases the wear of the joints, especially the burden and wear level of the spine. The unreasonable physical exercise of obese people will increase the incidence of low back pain to a certain extent. Since obesity will cause the incidence of low back pain, will the lower incidence of low back pain get the lower? In fact, some studies believe that people with too light weight, low back muscle muscle tissue is relatively small, the power of ligaments will be relatively weak, it is easy to cause the stability of the spine to decrease. , By causing back pain.

Influence of bad posture

Under normal circumstances, the lumbar spine of the human body is not completely straight, but the existence of physiological curvature. With the advancement of modern social science and technology, the work method has also changed hugely. After entering the 21st century, the level of daily physical activity of the crowd has decreased by about 60%-70%, and the number of long-term desk work has gradually increased. The long -term incorrect sitting position and lying posture will cause the normal physiological curvature of the lumbar spine to change. In daily work, if the lumbar spine is in the state of the front song or side curved for a long time, the load of the lumbar disc is increased. The chance of occurring. In addition, if the body keeps excessive side bending, rear convex, front convex and other actions for a long time, it will easily cause waist and back deformity, which will cause back pain. The "Ge You Lie" that we can't do is the most harmful gesture of the spine and lumbar spine. We must pay attention to avoid it. Influence of bad living habits

A survey of patients with low back pain showed that about 67%of patients with low back pain had a history of smoking, indicating that the incidence of back pain caused by smoking was significantly increased. This correlation may be related to smoking, which can easily cause lung disease, and lung disease can cause cough, which in turn causes the intervertebral disk and increased internal pressure increase. In addition, smoking may cause the blood capacity of the lumbar vertebrae, and can induce problems such as osteoporosis, which will cause back pain.

2. Factors related to disease

Although low back pain is related to various factors, the effects of low back pain at the same time have correlation with the impact of some diseases, such as lumbar bone hyperplasia, intervertebral disc herniation, spinal tube stenosis, lumbar spine fracture, spinal canal tumor, lumbar muscle strain, adelectress spinalitis , Urinary system infection, urinary stones, tuberculosis, cervicitis, fallopicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic attachmentitis, uterine tilt, uterine prolapse, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, ovarian cysts and other diseases can cause back pain symptoms. In addition, women in the middle and late pregnancy are often plagued by low back pain, causing decreased sleep disorders and ability to move pregnant women, increasing the risk of cesarean section and postpartum depression, which seriously affects the quality of life of pregnant women.

3. Professional factors

According to statistics, 70%of the symptoms of low back pain are related to occupational factors, and the annual prevalence of low back pain under specific population can reach 50%. A survey of epidemiological diseases shows that long -term desk people and people who stand often, such as programmers, editors, students, salespersons, textile workers, soldiers, nurses, drivers, etc. These people are high incidence of back pain. Data show that the prevalence of low low back pain can reach 40%or even higher. Frequent bending and reversing activities of this type of profession will accelerate the degeneration of the intervertebral discs, lumbar muscles and ligaments, leading to an increase in low back pain.

Heavy physical labor crowd

Heavy physical labor is the most important causes of back pain. Most epidemiological research surveys show that the risk of low back pain in professional groups who engage in physical labor increased. Repeatedly pushing pulling and moving heavy objects to increase the degeneration of the intervertebral disc, the waist muscles and ligaments, which causes low back pain.

Static posture working crowd

The muscles at the back of the waist have the functions of supporting the entire trunk and participation, but it is also a part that is very prone to damage. Long -term static posture can cause chronic damage to the passive pull of the waist and back muscles, which in turn causes the stability of the lumbar spine to be destroyed, and symptoms of back pain occur.

Vibration working environment

Relevant survey statistics show that the prevalence of low back pain in motor vehicles is about 57%-82%. Such a high prevalence may be related to long-term driving and road bumps. Under normal circumstances, the driver of motor vehicles mostly seated forward and pelvic leaning back when the front seat was leaning, which caused the load of the intervertebral disc and ligament to increase the symptoms of low back pain.

In addition, some studies have pointed out that there is a certain correlation between psychological factors and lower back pain. Patients with low back pain have been in bad psychological state such as mental tension and depression, and they are prone to symptoms of back pain. And some patients who have suffered back pain for a long time, due to the fragile spirit of pain, the emotions of anxiety and fear will increase the symptoms and degree of pain in low back pain.

4. Why can low back pain lead to disability?

A survey of epidemiological research shows that the residual rate of low back pain can reach 11%-12%. Discositive lumbar pain is a common type in chronic low back pain and the primary cause of global disability. For ordinary people, occasional back pain can be recovered after a period of rest. However, if it is a long -term low back pain, it will lead to different degrees of pain and activity obstacles, affecting work and life. With the progress of the disease, the degree of low back pain is getting heavier. Many patients have severe pain and waist, cannot be moved to the ground, and even the ability to take care of themselves will be seriously affected.

5. Which treatment method should be taken?

There are many treatment methods for low back pain, which can be divided into two categories: conservative treatment and surgical treatment. At present, clinically, conservative-minimally invasive-surgery-opening stepped treatment is usually used for low back pain.

1. Conservative treatment

Oral drug treatment

The principle of oral treatment of low back pain is analgesic, relieve muscle spasm and nutritional nerves. Commonly used drugs include non -steroidal anti -inflammatory analgesic drugs, muscle pine, opioids, corticosteroids, and improved circulation. After the treatment of drugs, the symptoms of low back pain can be relieved, but the symptoms of low back pain may appear again after stopping the drug, and there are certain side effects in the drug. Clinical studies have confirmed that patients with low back pain use non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs combined with muscle relaxants can effectively improve symptoms such as pain, discomfort, and limited activity. At the same time, they can prevent acute low back pain from changing to chronic low back pain. However, if you take the above two types of drugs for a long time, it may cause the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier to be damaged and increase the incidence of digestive diseases such as digestive ulcers. External ointment and patch

Topical ointment and patch often contain a variety of drugs. Related research shows that the use of cycle cream in short -term (3 months or less) has a good effect on the treatment of low back pain.

Physical rehabilitation treatment

Physical rehabilitation therapy mainly includes hot compresses, ultrasonic therapy, talcoal neurotic stimulation treatment, laser treatment and traction treatment. It is often used as auxiliary therapy for low back pain.

Support

There are two types of branches: lumbosacral branches and sacroiliac brackets. Evidence shows that branches can relieve the pain symptoms of patients with acute low back pain, and can improve the corresponding functions, and can also reduce the amount of drug usage.

Appropriate exercise therapy

Lumbar and abdomen muscle training is one of the common treatment methods for treating chronic low back pain. For patients with mild and chronic low low back pain, moderate aerobic exercise such as regular walking, swimming, jogging, yoga, Prapi, etc. can play a role in alleviating pain, improving function, and improving psychological problems. Core stabilization training, exercise control training, McKinestytic therapy, etc. can significantly improve the degree of low back pain and reduce the dysfunction of the waist. For patients with non -specific low back pain, they should maintain a state of activity under the guidance of a doctor, which has a better short -term effect than always resting in bed.

2. Minimally invasive intervention therapy

In recent years, with the promotion of minimally invasive treatment of lumbar vertebrae and the widespread clinical application, due to its advantages such as small trauma, fast recovery, low recurrence rate, and small cost, it is gradually accepted by patients. Minimally invasive intervention therapy includes scrubbing lumbar spinal vertebral marrow nuclear removal, plasma knife radio frequency removal marrow nuclear formation, and tingei -sagging laser vaporization techniques.

3. Surgical surgery treatment

If lower low back pain is treated with conservative treatment such as drug treatment and physiotherapy for 3 months, symptoms such as low back pain, discomfort, and limited activity still cannot be relieved, and there is an aggravated trend. Usually, surgery is selected. Studies have found that although surgical treatment has an immediate effect in alleviating the symptoms of lower back pain, the trauma of lower back pain surgery is large, and the chance of re-pain can reach 5.0%-74.6%. The probability of secondary surgery is as high as 13.4 %-35.0%. While surgical treatment, the probability of damage to related nerves reached 2.3%-17.8%. At the same time, complications such as wound infections and lumbar spine disability, and intervertebral discus degeneration acceleration in adjacent sections may occur.

4. TCM treatment

When treating low back pain, the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine is a common treatment method, such as the application of kidney promotional prescriptions. Acupuncture therapy has the effects of alleviating muscle spasm, promoting blood circulation, improving microcirculation, and eliminating inflammation. It is also used in clinical practice and is also easily accepted by patients. Massage methods, which are often said, can relax the local soft tissue through appropriate massage, play a role in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dredging the meridians, improving local blood circulation, and promoting inflammation absorption. Through the massage massage, the local muscles and soft tissues of the affected area are relaxed. Coupled with the method of adjustment, it can often have an immediate effect. The patient's back pain symptoms can effectively relieve it.

6. How to effectively prevent back pain in daily life?

1. Avoid bad postures

In daily life, pay attention to standing, sitting, lying posture, and walking, which is essential to prevent low back pain.

Standing posture

Whether it is work or social, pay attention not to stand for a long time. After standing for a period of time, you should perform appropriate activities, especially pay attention to the waist and back activities to relax the waist and back muscles and relieve the waist and back muscle fatigue.

Sit on a sitting position

Learn how to maintain the correct sitting position. The correct sitting position should keep the upper body straight, the lower abdomen, and the mandibular collection, and the lower limbs are together. This sitting position can ensure that the ligaments and muscles in the lumbosacral parts will not be excessive. If the chair you sit with the back, on the premise of keeping the above posture, you should try to close the back and lean against the back of the chair. This can avoid the muscles of the lumbosacral region too fatigue.

Sleeping position

Improper sleeping posture can not only cause symptoms such as low back pain and leg pain, but even damage the cervical spine, leading to cervical spondylosis. You can choose a side or flat position during sleep. When you sleep on the side, you should be flexed slightly when you sleep. You should stretch your body when you sleep. It is conducive to relieving or preventing back pain. In addition, do not sleep too soft beds. Too soft beds can easily cause the physiological curvature of the lumbar spine to change, resulting in the strain of the waist muscles and other soft tissues. Select the wooden bed thick mattress in the bed.

Reduce the frequency of wearing high heels

Reduce the frequency and number of high heels, especially too high heels. Women with back pain symptoms should pay attention not to wear high heels. When choosing high heels, the heel height is the most suitable for about 3cm, because every time the heel height increases 1cm, the back extension of the lumbar spine and the contraction of the lumbar back muscles will double, which also lays hidden dangers for low back pain. 2. Learn how to move heavy objects

When moving heavy objects, you should squat down first. If you bend over directly to move your legs, the gravity of the body and the moving object will be concentrated on the waist, bears the waist, and the pressure on the waist will be very large. Lumbar injury caused by heavy objects is very common. When moving heavy objects, you should squat down first, try to move up heavy objects, and then get up slowly.

3. Reasonable exercise

To ensure the regular and reasonable exercise, if there are problems with the waist itself, avoid twisting the waist and other actions to avoid aggravating the waist damage. You can choose aerobic exercise such as swimming, jogging, walking, etc. Take swimming, for example, swimming is one of the effective ways to relieve waist discomfort and maintain the entire spine health. Swimming can reduce the pressure of the spine and do not damage the spine and joints while exercising the muscles.

4. Control weight

As the lifestyle changes, obesity has become a global issue. According to statistics, the incidence of obesity of adults aged 18 and above in my country can reach 11.9%, and it has shown a rising trend. The occurrence and development of hyperbench and obesity is in the occurrence and development of various diseases such as hardening, stroke, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hepatobiliary disease, and other diseases. closely related. In addition, obesity can also cause waist pain, mainly because most of the obese people will show significantly increased abdomen and increased lumbar spine load, and the incidence of low back pain in obese people is higher. Therefore, pay attention to controlling weight, ensure that the constitutional index (BMI) is at 18.5-24.9kg/m2, or male waist circumference does not exceed 90cm, and female waist circumference does not exceed 80cm. Controlling weight should be combined from changing lifestyle, reasonable diet and exercise, and should not abuse diet pills and blindly diet to reduce weight.

In addition, pay attention to developing good living habits, quit smoking, quit alcohol, cultivate good sleeping habits, avoid tiredness and cold, reasonably relieved stress and bad emotions. Don't blindly massage, especially in the acute period of low back pain, you should not massage at will. Whether you can massage can obey the guidance of a professional doctor.

It should be noted that if the symptoms of low back pain occur frequently in the short term, or the pain is severe during the attack, you must go to the hospital to discover the cause of the onset in time.

Author: Zhang Jing

Text review: Bai Shuangling

Scientific review: Liu Tie, chief physician of the orthopedic department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital

This article comes from: China Digital Science and Technology Museum

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