What should I do?

As soon as summer, the mosquito's "home" was entered. In addition to "buzzing", you can't sleep, and you will bite you from time to time.

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After most people are dingled, they will only drum, and some people will have a large piece of rash, which is extremely itchy. Why is this?

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That's right, it's allergic. In addition to allergic reactions caused by mosquito bites, other substances can also cause allergic reactions in the human body. According to the Statistics of the World Allergies (WAO), about 30%to 40%of people around the world are troubled by allergies. In recent years, the incidence of allergies in China has also risen, and it is estimated that the patients have exceeded 200 million.

Why is it allergic?

Our immune system is very responsible. It has been monitoring our internal and external environment. Once we are invaded by harmful substances (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, etc.), we will automatically identify and remove harmful substances in time.

Allergic reaction is an abnormal reaction, which is an immune response to normal or pathological immune response to normal substances. Simply put, the immune system of allergic patients is too "sensitive" and mistakenly treats allergens (substances that cause allergies) as harmful substances.

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The immune system judgment error, began to defend and issue an alarm. After that, the antibody and allergens on the hypertrophic cells responded, which would prompt cells to secrete the inflammatory medium such as histamine and cause a series of allergic reactions in different parts of the human body.

There are many kinds of allergens, which can be divided into four types:

Direct contact with allergies: Allergens are directly exposed to the skin, causing local skin allergies. The most common is skin allergies caused by hair dye, as well as paint, feed, cosmetics allergies, and so on.

Inhalation of allergies: Allergens can enter the human body through the air in the air, which can induce allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. The most common is pollen allergies.

Eating incident allergies: Allergen enters the human body through the digestive tract. The most common is food (fish, eggs, milk, peanuts, etc.) allergies. It can also be oral drugs (aspirin, experience, antibiotics, etc.) Essence

The use of various medical methods to enter the body caused by allergies: muscle injection, venous injection, etc., are the main ways to allergic drugs, which may cause allergic shock. If it is not treated in time or even causes the risk of death.

World Allergic Organization Severe Allergic Reactions Guidance Opinions 2020 Interpretation

Picture source: References 1

What are the common allergic diseases in summer?

After contacting allergens for a certain period of time, our human body is sensitive. The time of the sensitization period can be long or short, and there is no clinical symptoms during this period. But once allergens, the immune system will maintain a long -lasting memory of allergens. When you come into contact with allergens again, an allergic reaction will occur.

Common allergic diseases in summer, including respiratory allergies, digestive tract allergies, skin allergies, etc.

Respiratory tract allergy

Hypothyroidism is mostly caused by allergens such as plant pollen, dust mites, and fungal spores. Common diseases include allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.

Patients with allergic rhinitis often have symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, recurrent attacks, and seasonal worsening. Although it is a good time in spring and autumn, it cannot be taken lightly in summer. In the summer, the indoor air -conditioning temperature is low and the outdoor is hot. Many people enter the room. When they come into contact with cold air, they will sneeze and runny nose.

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After contacting allergens, patients with allergic asthma will have symptoms such as irritating cough, repeated breathing, and continuous chest tightness. Forgot to clean the air conditioner before turning on the air conditioner in summer, causing dust allergies; decorating houses, causing paint allergies, etc. can cause asthma attacks.

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Digestive tract allergies

In summer, many people like left -hand barbecue, crayfish, right -hand beer, and ice cola. After a while, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may occur. However, it should be noted that all gastrointestinal symptoms are due to the breakdown of bacterial acute gastroenteritis caused by the stomach. We must be alert to whether it is caused by allergic gastroenteritis.

Many people may be allergic to various foods and drugs, such as seafood, eggs, milk, crabs, shellfish, mango, nuts, and so on. In addition to the performance of the digestive system, food allergies can also cause other performances such as nasal congestion, asthma, dizziness, and red skin. In severe cases, even throat edema, dyspnea, decreased blood pressure, coma, loss of consciousness.

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Skin allergies

In summer, the weather is hot, and the skin is exposed to the outside area. It can cause skin allergies to contact pollen, parasites, or bite by mosquitoes, and sunlight. In addition, food or drug allergies may also cause skin allergies throughout the body.

World Allergic Organization Severe Allergic Reactions Guidance Opinions 2020 Interpretation

Picture source: References 1

How to prevent allergies?

To prevent allergic reactions, first of all, we must understand what substances we are allergic to. We can go to the hospital for allergen testing to clarify whether the common food and inhaling substances are allergic. After clarifying allergens, try to avoid contact with them.

If you are allergic to dust mites, avoid contact with dust mites:

(1) Pay attention to the cleaning and maintenance of the environment, and regularly wash the dust on all parts of the living room. It is best to use mite removers;

(2) Reduce the relative humidity below 45%, open the window to ventilate when it is clear, and dry the mattress to keep dry;

(3) Change the bedding, the mattress clothing, etc. should be immersed in hot water above 55 ° C, or wrap the bedding, mattress, pillow, etc.;

(4) Replace the carpet with a wooden floor without filling furniture;

(5) Do not put the plush toys on the bed. You can put it in a closed plastic bag and freeze the dust mites, and then clean it;

(6) Reduce the interior ornaments, and the heavy curtains are replaced with easier cleaning materials;

(7) Do not let pets enter the bedroom;

(8) Regularly clean air conditioning filter.

If you are allergic to pollen, avoid contact with pollen:

(1) Familiar with the flowering period: pollen is mainly divided into spring pollen and summer and autumn pollen in my country. Spring pollen is concentrated in March-May. Common cypress trees, French sycamore trees, white wax trees, birch trees, poplars, willow trees, etc. The summer and autumn pollen is concentrated in August to September, mainly in Artemisia pollen, grass, dolphin grass pollen, etc.

(2) As much as possible to go out as much as possible, wearing a mask;

(3) The use of pollen blocking agents has a certain effect.

If you are allergic to animal hair and dandruff, to avoid contact with animal hair and dandruff:

(1) Try to keep pets in the room and reduce the opportunities of the hair of dogs and cats in the room, especially to avoid entering and leaving the living room and bedroom;

(2) Washing pets: It is best to wash it twice a week, and its pads should also be cleaned together. It is recommended to use pet cleaners;

(3) Frequent cleaning of clothing: clothes that have been exposed to pets should be cleaned immediately to avoid spreading allergens;

(4) Maintain a ventilation environment: The indoor environment should be maintained as natural ventilation as much as possible to reduce allergens.

Allergic, what should I do?

Once an allergic reaction occurs, it needs to be processed according to different severity.

The most important thing is: remove allergens! Remove contact allergens as soon as possible, and leave the environment where inhalation allergens are left.

If it is mild and too much allergic, only the skin appears slightly erythema, a small amount of small scales, no obvious edema, and the itching is not obvious. Just try to avoid inducing factors as much as possible.

If the symptoms are obvious, such as obvious erythema, itching, edema, or gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible to treat the antihistamine drugs in targeted manner.

For patients with severe allergies, they should immediately call emergency calls or send them to emergency treatment of nearby hospitals. When waiting for medical personnel, you should leave as much as much as possible, loosen your collar and keep it flat. If there is vomiting, keep your head biased towards one side and remove foreign objects to prevent choking vomiting by mistake.

There are many mosquitoes in summer. To avoid being bitten by mosquitoes, you can wear long clothes and trousers during outdoor activities to reduce skin exposure, and stay in a wet environment and lush plants. If you accidentally bite by mosquitoes and itching of rash, you can apply hormonal ointment or relieve itching ointment. Those with severe rash (extensive rash and severe itching) can take oral anti -allergic drugs such as derettherazine, Sidalizine, etc., while avoiding spicy and irritating foods. Pay attention to rest, avoid excessive fatigue, and exercise appropriately, which is also conducive to reducing allergic reactions.

Allergic diseases are the most common diseases in the world. They are listed as one of the three major diseases in the 21st century by the World Health Organization. Let us pay attention to allergies and prevent allergic diseases together.

references

[1] Gao Qi, Yin Ju, Xu Baoping, Shen Kunling. Guidance of severe allergies in the World Allergy Organization 2020 Interpret

[2] Chinese Medical Association's perverted reaction branch respiratory allergy group (chip), Chinese Medical Association Hictoniasis Branch of the Acts of Acts. (09): 636-655

[3] China Medical Association Dermatology Branch of Urthite. China's urticaria diagnosis and treatment guide (2018 edition). Chinese dermatology magazine, 2019,52 (01): 1-5

Author: Wang Xiangyun, Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Respiratory and Cympapture of Shanghai Long March Hospital of Naval Medical University

Edit: Little Dingdang

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