Answers of the safety effectiveness of the new crown virus vaccine (2)

On July 23, the State Council's joint prevention and control mechanism held a press conference. The responsible comrades and relevant experts of the National Health and Health Commission attended the meeting to introduce the relevant situation of the safety effectiveness of the new coronary virus vaccine. Please pay attention to the hot Q & A of this conference!

What is the protective effect of the new crown virus vaccine on the Omikon mutant BA.4 and BA.5?

△ Deputy Director of the National Health and Health Commission, the head of the research and development of the research and development of the research and development of the scientific research and development group of the State Council's joint prevention and control mechanism, Zeng Yixin

The new crown virus has been mutating in more than two years after the epidemic, especially the degree and early poison strains that have appeared from the end of last year, including Alpha and Delta, and the degree of change is relatively large. of.

For the impact of vaccines, studies have shown that the serum of vaccine vaccination has decreased against the neutralization of BA.4 and BA.5, but the cellular immune to the vaccine vaccination is relatively tolerant to virus mutation. The results of the real world also show that vaccination still has a good protection of pneumonia, severe and death caused by BA.4 and BA.5.

Therefore, from the current situation, everyone does not need to be too nervous and worried about BA.4 and BA.5, including the newly emerging BA.2.75, and the key is to prevent and control the normalized epidemic, including strengthening the vaccination of the elderly.

How to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccine safety?

△ Expert Group leader of the research and development of scientific research and research and development, Wang Junzhi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering

As of now, a total of 36 new crown vaccines in my country have been approved to enter the clinical trial stage, and 5 of them have been approved to be listed on the market. For these new crown vaccines, its evaluation of its safety and effectiveness is mainly based on the comprehensive relevant relevant regulations and technical guidance principles established in my country. Generally speaking, it is to complete the two important steps of preclinical research and clinical trials.

According to the Vaccine Management Law, only after completing the above -mentioned series of studies, this vaccine can be approved for large -scale use for listing. Our country's vaccine evaluation standards have not been reduced. The reason why it can achieve fast and efficiently is mainly due to our joint prevention and control mechanism and institutional advantages. The implementation of these measures has achieved the effects of acceleration, procedures that have not been reduced, and standards have not been reduced.

How should I deal with acute allergies in vaccine?

Similar to other vaccines, after vaccination with new crown virus vaccines, there may also be a very small number of people serious acute allergic reactions, such as allergic shock and throat edema. Although extremely rare, it can endanger life and safety in severe case It occurs within half an hour after vaccination, as long as it is disposed of in time, it can be relieved immediately.

In response to this issue, the state has considered in this aspect in vaccination. First of all, we require the vaccination unit to prepare for the treatment of acute allergic reactions, such as adrenaline, glucocorticoids and anti -allergic drugs, and related treatment equipment to strengthen training and guidance to ensure the ability to implement emergency treatment. Secondly, after the vaccination is vaccinated, the vaccine should stay at the place of vaccination or for half an hour in accordance with the relevant requirements. Once the body is uncomfortable, the doctor can report to the doctor in a timely manner, which is also conducive to the doctor with patients with allergic symptoms in a timely manner.

Of course, after the treatment of allergic reactions at the scene, regardless of whether the subsequent investigation and diagnosis are related to vaccination, timely organizing treatment at the scene is the first measure.

What is the actual effect of the new crown virus vaccine?

A large number of clinical research evidence at home and abroad shows that the effects of new crown vaccines are very significant for prevention of disease prevention, severe illness, and death prevention, and strengthening immunity can further improve the effect of protection.

Of course, we should scientifically treat the protection of the new crown vaccine.

First, after the human body is vaccinated, the immune response between different individuals is different. In addition, from the virus, it has continuously mutated itself, and the immune protection capacity produced after vaccine is not exactly the same.

Second, among the people who have vaccinated the new crown vaccine, even if a breakthrough infection occurs, the risk of severe illness and death is greatly reduced.

Third, other protective measures such as wearing masks, vaccine strengthening needles can achieve better prevention results. This is why people who require vaccines still need to strengthen personal protection.

Which effect is better to enhance inoculation and sequential enhancement and sequence?

△ Director of the National Health and Health Commission Science and Technology Development Center, research and development Zheng Zhongwei, the leader of the special class working group

After the new crown vaccine is enhanced, whether it adopts homologous enhanced vaccination (strengthening the same technical route vaccine) or sequentially enhanced vaccination (the vaccine enhancement of different technical routes approved) can greatly improve the protection of the new crown vaccine.

It is better to strengthen immunity and sequencing to strengthen immunity and sequence. It cannot be simply generalized. Whether it is homologous to strengthen immunity or sequentially strengthening immunity, it is quite significant for preventing the effects of disease, severe disease and death. It is possible to take homology strengthening or sequential enhancement. I hope everyone can actively strengthen inoculation.

Can the elderly with basic diseases be vaccinated with new coronal virus vaccines?

△ Director of the National Health and Health Commission Science and Technology Development Center, research and development Zheng Zhongwei, the leader of the special class working group

Some public reports that in the current division of inoculation taboos, standards such as "acute attacks of chronic diseases" are not easy to grasp in actual implementation. Judging from the current situation of vaccination at home and abroad, chronic diseases are not taboos for the vaccination of new crown virus vaccines.

It is precisely because of the basic disease that once the new coronal virus is infected, if there is no vaccination or no vaccination, the risk of severe illnesses or even causes death is higher, so more vaccines need to be vaccinated than others.

At present, patients with tumors, hypertension, diabetes, and slow pulmonary resistance are stable as long as the health status is stable, and the drug control is good. They are not used as the inoculation taboo of the new coronary virus vaccine.

Of course, there are several suggestions as a taboo for vaccination.

First, severe allergic reactions occur during vaccination, such as allergic shock and throat edema, which must be used as a new crown vaccine taboo.

The second is because various diseases are in the fever stage, such as influenza, pneumonia or other diseases.

Third, some chronic diseases have acute attacks. For example, tumor patients are doing chemotherapy, hypertension patients have high blood pressure, and some nervous system diseases are onset.

Fourth, all kinds of severe diseases have entered the end.

How does the new crown virus vaccine protect the elderly?

△ Executive Vice President and Secretary-General of the Chinese Association of Prevention Medicine, Feng Zijian

The vaccine is protecting the elderly from serious clinical consequences, and its role is very great. By analyzing the vaccination of death cases in Hong Kong, it was found that the risk of death of those who did not vaccine were 3 times, 18 times, and 75 times the vaccination of 1 dose, 2 doses and 3 doses of vaccine, respectively. The analysis of the Shanghai epidemic data found that the risk of death of those who did not vaccine was 6 times, 17 times, and 53 times that of 1 dose, 2 doses, and 3 doses of vaccine.

Although the specific numbers of the two places are different, the trend is high. It is fully explained that the protection of the new crown vaccine on the elderly is very significant, and it is also necessary to strengthen the vaccination.

About 35 million people over the age of 80 in my country, and currently 40%of the 40%are still about 14 million people have not completed the vaccination of the whole process, and about 62%of about 21.7 million people have not completed the strengthening of immunization. These elderly people who have not been vaccinated and did not complete the vaccination are very risk of severe disease or even death once they are infected. Therefore, we must make full use of the time of "dynamic clearing zero" to advance the vaccination vaccination, especially the whole process of the elderly and strengthen the vaccination.

Text finishing: Wang Ning

Video editing: Wang Ji Ke Pu Qinying

Edit: Chen Xiuchao

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