He wrote 1200 works in his life, and was called "Dad" by Mozart's affectionately "Dad" | Share before bedtime

2022 is the 290th anniversary of Austrian composer Haydn.

In addition to the reputation of "Father of Symphony" and "Father of String Quartet", Haydn was also affectionately called "Haydn Dad" by Mozart and others.

What enlightenment can the music of "Haydn Dad" bring to modern audiences?

From car craftsman to Dr. Oxford

On March 31, 1732, Franz Joseph Haydn was born in Austria. His father was a carriage manufacturer and lived on a carriage. His mother was the kitchen mother of the Duke's house. This love -loving family often comes out of singing, although no one knows.

At the age of 5, a distant relative in Haydn found that he had an angelic voice, so he took him to Heineburg to participate in the church singing poetry class and learned the piano and violin.

A few years later, Haydn entered Vienna's most famous St. Stephen Cathedral to sing poetry classes. At the age of 17, Haydn suddenly changed his voice while singing for the queen. He offended the queen and was kicked out of the singing class.

Since the age of 5, Haydn's fate has been controlled by his talent. At this moment, he can finally break out his own world. However, the innocent ideal was quickly knocked down by reality, and the angel -like voice was lost. Haydn could not find a job at all and had to sing on the street.

The 20 -year -old Haydn is singing and singing on the street. Someone told him that Italian opera writer and vocalist Nicholas Popra wanted him to invite him to accompaniment. Popla had anonymous with composer Hendel in his early years. Haydn's life began a new journey. In the following days, Haydn studied a lot of composition knowledge and techniques, especially the creation of Italian opera, and he also studied the method of the right.

In 1761, Haydn became one of the most influential and influential princes of the Austro -Hungarian Empire -the deputy chairman of Prince Esthazili. He was 30 years old. In the luxurious palace isolated from the world, Haydn's living conditions are very superior, but they are mentally lonely. He painted powder during the day, put on wigs, and invested in the creation of new works at night, creating various types of music for the court -symphony, mass, opera, four -play, trio, sonato, etc. Use.

Many years later, Haydn can publish his own work while serving the court, which means that he entered the "free market" represented by the concert and publishing industry at the time. His symphony, piano sonata, and string quadruples have gradually become popular in Europe.

At the age of 60, Haydn came to the UK, and many of his works have become a must -play track at the London concert. Local publishers scrambled to propagate and print his piano sonata. The University of Oxford awarded him with an honorary doctorate.

In 1808, the nobles and well -known musicians in Vienna gathered to celebrate his 76th birthday to Haydn. At this time, Haydn has long been a veritable "free artist", which can follow his own inner free creation. It is also from the Harry era that the personal style and pursuit of composers have become more and more clearly exposed to music.

Why does "Haydon Dad" be named

On May 31, 1809, Haydn died in his sleep. His last wish was to invite people to perform Mozart's "Soul" at his funeral. He said: "My soul and my soul of Beemozart can finally get together in the sky."

Mozart and Haydn met in Vienna in the "Capital of Music". Because Haydn is 24 years old and is very kind and friendly, Mozart has always called him "Haydn Dad". The two are also teachers and friends, and Mozart is deeply influenced by "Haydn Dad" in music style. He also dedicated to a set of string quadrules for Haydn, the title was "Haydn Quartet".

From the view of Haydn, Mozart's talent is full of talents, and the innocence and harmony in his work is a portrayal of his pure mind, which cannot be imitated and transcended. Haydn once said to Mozart's father: "Your son is the greatest composer and cute person I have seen in this life. His taste and composition technique are first -class."

Haydn was ready to go to London when he was nearly 60 years old. Before he was leaving, he said goodbye to Mozart. Mozart choked: "Haydn Dad, you are old and don't understand English. I can’t see you anymore! "Haydn console:" Don't worry, although I am old, I have a good body. Moreover, my music is the world's language. I have published a lot of works in London. of."

Unexpectedly, only one year later, Mozart died. Haydn has a heartache. He said that he lost the best conscience in the world: "My happiness has been taken away by him."

As we all know, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven are three representatives of the Classical Music School in Vienna. Haydn and Beethoven also have a relationship between teachers and students.

In 1792, when he returned to Vienna from Britain, Haydn passed Germany and met Beethoven, 22 years old. Haydn believes that with Beethoven's talent and personality, he will definitely write great works that subvert the era in the future. It's just that young Beethoven needs to polish in composition techniques. As a result, Haydn invited Beethoven to Vienna to learn composition with him.

After listening to the first piano trio written by Beethoven, Haydn believes that although his young wisdom and wonderful pen flashed in his music, this style may not be accepted by the audience at the time. In order to help Beethoven's power, Haydn suggested that he wrote "Haydn students" in front of the name when publishing the work to expand the influence of his work. Because of the talent of Beethoven, Haydn also introduced him to the nobles of the princes and created opportunities everywhere. Haydn statue

Four works full of legendary works

Haydn is a high -yield composer and has created more than 1,200 works in his life. Among them, several of them are full of legendary colors, so far they talked about fans:

"Miracle Symphony"

In 1791, when Haydn's "Symphony No. 96 of the D Raizer" premiered, a branches of the theater suddenly fell off the ceiling. Fortunately, it was not hit. Because of this "miracle", this work is called the "Miracle Symphony". However, some scholars believe that the miracle during the premiere is not "Symphony No. 96", but "Symphony No. 102 of the Big Tune No. 102" in 1794.

"Symphony"

A friend went to London to visit Har about, and found that he was creating the second movement of "The Symphony of the 94th G major". Strong chord. Haydn pointed at the chord to his friend: "This will definitely make those absent -minded ladies jumping up."

When this symphony was staged in London, some ladies were drowsy after hearing the slow movement, and the band suddenly sounded "astonishment", like a thunderbolt, which surprised the audience. This symphony has since been called the "Symphony Symphony."

"Farewell Symphony"

The Haydn has been a full 30 years in the Easterhaqi family. Every year from spring to late autumn, Haydon and band members must accompany the prince to the Xia Palace for more than half a year. Most of the family members of the musicians live in Vienna. They are very eager to reunite with their families, but no one dares to make a vacation request to the prince. In 1772, Haydn expressed his desire to show the musicians to the prince through a "Symphony No. 45 in the F Minority". In the last movement, he ingeniously let a piece of musical instruments stop playing in turn, and the musicians blow out the candles on his score and leave the band to the end. Finally, only two violin left the whole song on the stage.

It is said that after Prince Esthazili listened to this symphony, he understood the intention of Haydn. Soon, he ordered the palace bands to go home on vacation. "Symphony of Symphony No. 45" is therefore known as the "farewell symphony".

"Razor Quartet"

One day in 1787, London publisher Brand went to Vienna to visit Haydn. At this time, Haydn was shaving. Because the razor was not sharp, Haydn complained: "I am willing to use my best quadruple to change to a good way. The razor. "After listening, Brand rushed back to the apartment and took the new razor to Haydn, and eventually replaced Haydn's" F Small Tripstarium Quartet ". This work was later called "Razor Quartet."

Rare coordination and balance

Haydn is known as the "Father of Symphony" and "Father of String Quartet", but he is not only famous for its improvement of these music forms. The reason why Haydn was remembered by future generations was deeper.

In 77 years of life, Haydn witnessed and promoted the transformation of classical music from late Baroque to classical heyday. His mid -term and late symphony, string quadrangers, piano sonata, and clear singing dramas appeared on the commanding heights of music at that time, and formed his own unique style, that is, the expression of music, wit and humor, fresh and humorous expression, fresh and humorous expression, fresh and humorous expression, fresh and humorous expression, fresh and fresh Flexible or even bold and naughty music creation.

Haydn's "Symphony of Stunning" and "Miracle Symphony" and other works are still loved by the audience. The humor in these melodies is not vulgar and not creative, but often brings witty and beautiful enjoyment, and fully shows the rich emotions of human beings.

Haydn has served the court for many years, but his music is not rigid and non -ancient. He cleverly combines the music required by the court with the spirit and emotions of his personal spirit and emotions, which makes his work contain a natural coordination and coordination and Balance. This sense of balance is very rare during the romantic and modernist period.

When reviewing his art career, Haydn said: "The true meaning of art is to make people happy and encourage and strength."

His art has done it.

Liberation Daily · Shangguan News Original manuscript, reprinting without permission

Author: Chen Junji

WeChat editor: Antong

School pair: Wing, SYL

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