Ten years of graduate education: The scale of breakthrough growth training mechanism has continued to deepen

Lidu people, casting souls to educate people. In the past ten years, graduate education in my country has firmly followed the road of high -quality development of connotation, and has educated people and talents for the party.

"Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Education has implemented two rounds of comprehensive reforms with the main line of the work line of" Lide Shi, service needs, improve quality, and pursue excellence '. Graduate education has moved steadily and achieved historic achievements. "At the press conference of the Ministry of Education held on June 14, Hong Da, the director of the Department of Degree Management and Graduate Education of the Ministry of Education, summarized.

Great scale, service state needs

Yang Wei, president of the Chinese Academy of Degree and Graduate Education, has many years of graduate education management experience. He deeply felt that in the last decade, he was the ten years of graduate education.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the scale of graduate education has made breakthroughs in breakthroughs. "In the past ten years, the four graduate education has been closely serving 'strategic deployment, and continuously improved the discipline professional structure and talent training structure. More than 800 graduate training units across the country have transported more than 600,000 doctoral doctors and more than 65 million to the main battlefield of economic and social development. Master's degree has provided strong talent support for the development of the party and the country. "Hong Da said.

The scale of talent training has expanded, and the disciplinary system with Chinese characteristics has been continuously improved. In recent years, graduate education has added a number of first -level disciplines and professional degree categories such as network space security, integrated circuit science and engineering, national security, and traditional Chinese medicine. The discipline category, 113 first -level disciplines, and 47 professional degree categories cover the main areas of national economic and social development. Hong Da revealed that in order to further support knowledge innovation, scientific and technological services and industrial upgrading, the amendments to the new round of discipline professional catalogs are being organized, and the new version of the catalog will be issued soon.

The talent pool expansion and respond to major national strategic needs. Yang Bin, vice president of Tsinghua University, introduced that Tsinghua University aims at high -precision and lack of high -precision and absence areas that the country is urgently needed. In principle, establish a doctorate project of innovation leading projects that serve the country's innovation -driven development strategy, the electronic information innovation and entrepreneurial project for innovation and entrepreneurship, the energy Internet project that adapts to the energy development strategy, the international nuclear power talent project, the aviation engine project that serves the national development strategy, Over precision technology and integrated circuit talent training projects across professional fields, accelerate the cultivation of high -level talents in the field of high -precision engineering.

Improve quality, cultivate high -level talents

In the past ten years, graduate education has adhered to the quality lifeline, the reform of the training mechanism has been deepened, the construction of the quality assurance system has been continuously strengthened, the overall improvement of education quality has been significantly improved, and the ability to independently cultivate high -level talents has enhanced.

Improve the quality of training, colleges and universities are the main positions. Gong Qihuang, Executive Vice President of Peking University, introduced that Peking University has carried out solid projects such as strong base plans, mathematics talents, and outstanding talent training plans for physics. Significant students can directly enter the graduate training stage at the end of the third grade. The school has set up a doctoral student program for a doctoral student in Peking University. Taking scientific research potential as the primary standard, it provides scientific research funding and research guidance support, and strives to improve the innovation and practical ability of graduate students. The school thinks that Chinese academic openings, creating new students for Chinese civilization, and contributing wisdom to the development of the world are the mission, with deepening the construction of new liberal arts as the starting point, and cultivating the North Atmosphere, Chinese characteristics, and world -class philosophical and social science talents.

In the past ten years, high -level talents have continued to gather. In recent years, among the first completion of the three major academicians and the National Science and Technology Awards, the doctoral doctoral trained independently in my country accounts for about two -thirds; more than 50%of the National Natural Science Foundation of China are graduate students, and more than 30%are reading. Doctoral students; Chang'e Feitian, Dragons enter the sea, high -speed rail flying, and aircraft carriers. Behind a series of major national projects, the graduate students self -cultivated in my country have become the main force of scientific and technological innovation.

The improvement of the quality of students is inseparable from the mentor's ability. According to Hong Dayi, from 2012 to 2021, the mentor team increased from 298,000 to 557,000. The three -level mentor training system of "national typical demonstration, provincial key protection, and training units covered" Essence "Encourage teachers to become 'Four Teachers' Teachers, concentrate on teaching books and educating people, not only guide students to academic, but also to guide students to grow. "Mr. Big". "Hong Da said.

In Yang Wei's view, the expansion of the scale of graduate education in my country is completed under the premise of attaching importance to quality. "my country launched the quality engineering of graduate education in 2007, so that the quality of training has steadily rising." Yang Wei said that the main steps taken by quality improvement are: First, the number of enrollment of graduate students is to be prudent. Degree awarding annual growth rate has decreased by more than 10 percentage points from the previous 30 years; the second is to promote quality monitoring, and the review of the degree gradually from the mentor license system reflecting the teacher -apprentices' relationship to the instructor group permit of multiple graduate tutors. Then go to the disciplinary license system with blind trials; the third is that the per capita academic output of each degree has gradually risen. Yang Wei believes that in the future, the quality of the honor of schools and discipline brands should be further improved from strengthening the honor construction of schools and discipline brands and strengthening personalized training measures. The system is sound and promotes the "double first -class" construction

In the past ten years, the four beams and eight pillars of graduate education have been established, and the system structure has been further improved. Hong Da Yong introduced that the "double first -class" universities assumed more than 80 % of doctoral students nationwide and nearly 60 % of the master's degree training tasks. The various tasks of "double first -class" construction have been strongly promoted, and the results of reform and development are obvious, which has driven the first -class university system to accelerate the construction.

Hong Dayi showed a set of achievements from the "double first -class" construction of universities:

The introduction and cultivation of a group of world -class scientists and leaders has been introduced and cultivated. The proportion of full -time teachers with doctoral degrees increased from 60%in 2015 to 72%in 2020.

Construction of colleges and universities has continuously made important breakthroughs in the aspects of basic research, key core technology research, and serving major national strategic needs: the world's first module -type high -temperature gas -cold pile grid -connected grid -connected power generation, independently developed the first large maritime straw and dredging equipment, Develop a quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapters", and develop my country's first new crown neutralized antibody drugs.

The construction of universities has won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award for Nature for three consecutive years. In the main support units of the 23 National Science and Technology Progress Award Innovation Team, 11 are from the construction universities.

Hong Dayan pointed out that the "double first -class" construction led the construction of 410 local high -level universities and 1387 local advantageous disciplines in various places. High -quality first -class universities and first -class discipline construction systems are forming. After unremitting efforts, the first round of construction has generally achieved phased goals. Several universities have gradually entered the ranks of world -class universities. Several disciplines such as materials science and engineering have entered the forefront of world -class disciplines, laying a solid foundation for building higher education power.

"In the new round of 'double first -class' construction, we have more highlights the guidance of cultivating first -class talents, serving national strategic needs, and creating world -class first -class. For the construction of 'double first -class', the correct orientation is very important. We are committed to our commitment to Optimize the discipline layout, deepen the reform of the evaluation, resolutely break the 'Five Wei', and resolutely do not focus on various popular rankings to run schools, resolutely highlight the contribution, innovation, quality and effectiveness, and give full play to the main force of the basic research of universities and the role of major science and technology breakthroughs in the development of the vital army. Focus on building an independent knowledge system. "Hong Da said at the end.

(Our newspaper

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