Li Xiaoxuan: Release policy dividends to promote the full employment of college graduates

At present, the pressure of total employment has increased, and the structural contradictions of employment are prominent. According to data from the Ministry of Education, the scale of 2022 college graduates reached 10.76 million, an increase of 1.67 million over the previous year, and the total and annual increases hit a record high. In addition, since the implementation of vocational education expansion in 2019, the expansion of 2.9685 million has been completed in two years. The structure of college graduates is more diverse, and the overall employment situation is more severe and complex compared to the previous year. Affected by factors such as epidemic and industrial adjustment, the Internet, education and training, real estate graduates and other university graduates have a strong human resource -intensive industry with strong demand, demand has shrunk sharply, the pressure of corporate stabilization has risen sharply, the labor market has been re -matched, friction, and friction Unemployment and structural contradictions have risen; from the perspective of the employment mentality of candidates, the mentality of seeking stability is becoming more and more obvious. The new gravity of private enterprises that absorb college graduates decline, but the record ratio of civil servants, public institutions and state -owned enterprises has increased significantly, employment Structural contradictions are prominent.

Not only that, the employment funding of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is urgently needed to be optimized. my country's "Employment Promotion Law" stipulates that "((at all levels) employment special funds for professional introduction, vocational training, public welfare positions, vocational skills appraisal, specific employment policies and social insurance subsidies, small loan guarantee funds and micro -profit projects The small amount of guarantee loans and support for public employment services ", supporting public employment services, supporting public employment service capacity building is an important purpose of employment special funds. In recent years, the central government has spent nearly 100 billion yuan in financial employment funds each year, and is used to subsidize the construction of individuals and units and public employment service capabilities. At present, the employment guidance and service work of graduates of Chinese universities before leaving school shall be responsible for the education department. According to reports, the initial employment rate of graduates in my country for more than ten years is more than 77%each year. As the scale of college graduates increase year by year, the proportion of college graduates accounted for a larger and larger proportion of new employment population each year. Especially after 2022, high vocational graduates of college graduates expanded to entertain the employment market will enter the employment market, each Grade education administrative departments and various colleges and vocational colleges, to undertake more and more public employment and entrepreneurial services, in terms of information network system construction and maintenance, employment consulting and entrepreneurial incubation service organization construction, recruitment activities organizations, etc. The expenditure is increased, but the amount of employment subsidy funds is very small, and the functions of public employment services that are actually affordable are seriously not matched.

At the same time, the dilemma of the protection of the rights and interests of workers in the field of new industries, new formats, and new business models (hereinafter referred to as "three new") still exists. According to the research and calculations of the School of Education of Peking University, as the technology promotes industrial transformation, the effect of industrial transformation is becoming more and more obvious, and the global youth employment model has changed significantly. Only a quarter of young people are engaged in the traditional working model of "full -time paid". The proportion of flexible employment in the class has continued to increase. Especially in recent years, the "Sanxin" is a typical representative of the Internet platform economy. A large number of non -standard employment flexible employment groups have emerged, which has also caused a certain impact on the current labor and social security system management. As of 2021, my country's "three new" employees have reached 200 million, of which the flexible employment rates of college graduates in 2020 and 2021 have exceeded 16%. The Central Economic Work Conference in December 2021 has clearly requested that "solve the problem of employment such as young people such as college graduates and improve the policies and social security policies and social security policies of flexible employment." However, compared with the traditional employment model, the labor relationship of the new employment form workers has no clear standards, difficulties in division of labor relationship responsibilities, inequality of platform employment contracts, lack of basic social security on platform practitioners, labor relations for platform employment, and workers "being" being "being" being "worked. It is still existing in problems such as "the system in the system", the basic rights and interests of the labor, the difficulty of defending rights, and the lack of the right to speak.

To this end, vigorously expand employment channels. First, it is suggested that the Human Resources and Social Security Department appropriately involved the employment of college graduates in advance, and at the same time play the role of industry association support, promptly open the national employment resource library to universities in a timely manner, connect the campus network network and various new media of various universities, strengthen the linkage with colleges and universities Multi -channel sharing of high -quality corporate post resources. The second is to appropriately expand the recruitment of full -caliber institutions. In the grass -roots units such as rural areas and urban and rural communities, set up special posts such as cultural education, medical care, community services, and encourage graduates to employment in rural areas, urban and rural communities and other grassroots; promote state -owned enterprises properly appropriately Expand recruitment; use policies such as tax cuts, financial support, and stabilization of enterprises to motivate small and medium -sized enterprises to attract more employment and support flexible employment of multi -channel channels. The third is to continue to support and guide entrepreneurial innovation, focus on the support of funds, the creation of entrepreneurial incubation bases, entrepreneurial training, typical publicity and other measures, strengthen the entrepreneurial guidance and guidance of college graduates, strengthen public services for entrepreneurship, promote small guarantee loans, implement entrepreneurial guarantee loans The interest rate reduction policy will extend the scope of entrepreneurial training to the campus, provide one -stop services such as consulting and counseling, tracking support, and transformation of results, and effectively give play to the role of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship to drive employment.

At the same time, increase the investment and support of the central employment funding for the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates. The first is to expand the scope of job search and entrepreneurship subsidies for college graduates. Fully consider the structural changes of graduates this year, implement the scope of expanding the application of job search and entrepreneurship subsidies, improve the issuance standards, increase policy publicity, and make employment funds more benefit college graduates with demand; Support the education system and colleges and universities to better perform public employment and entrepreneurial services, including the construction and maintenance of public employment platforms, employment consulting and entrepreneurial incubation service organization construction, recruitment activities, etc. to reduce the burden of colleges and universities; the third is to increase various types The qualifications of the training institutions of vocational skills subsidies and the assessment of the quality of the curriculum are tilted to universities with high training quality and good effects to ensure that skill training truly benefits and meets the employment needs of groups in difficult groups. Promote the revision of labor law and related policies in the context of the "three new", and strengthen market supervision and guarantee. The first is to accelerate the improvement and revision of the Labor Law under the background of the "Three New", clarify the labor relationship, rights and responsibilities in the "three new" labor forms, give play to the role of legal guidance and supervision, urge enterprises and platforms ; The second is to encourage the employment enterprise platform to actively sign labor contracts and pay social insurance to protect the rights and interests of workers in accordance with the law; the third is to strengthen the management and control of the labor algorithm settings of the "Sanxin" employment platform in accordance with the law. With review, algorithm settings should comply with legal regulations, pay reasonable labor remuneration, ensure the basic break time and other basic rights and interests of workers; fourth, strengthen the construction of the new employment industry industry union federation, give play to the role of industry and industry trade unions, guide platform enterprises and enterprises and Workers negotiate in terms of fair employment, minimum wages, social insurance, etc.

(The author is the representative of the National People's Congress, the vice chairman of the Democratic Progressive Yunnan Provincial Committee, and the chairman of the China New Higher Education Group)

- END -