Cultivate strategic scientists, these three problems must be solved

Text ｜ Lin Chenghua (Special Researcher of the National Institute of State Systems of Zhejiang University)

As a key force to support my country's independence and self -reliance in China, strategic scientists stand on the forefront of international technology, lead the independent innovation of science and technology, and undertake national strategic science and technology tasks. It is also the focus of talent training and use in my country in recent years.

However, it is not enough to be a strategic scientist who can enter the international forefront and participate in international competition. Strategic scientists' discovery, cultivation, and use still have some outstanding problems that need to be optimized.

Structure and system are still to be improved

At present, the total human resources of my country's science and technology have become the world's first, but the density of human resources is low. According to the "China Science and Technology Talent Development Report 2020" of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the total number of national R & D (RD) personnel in 2019 reached 7.129 million, but the proportion of RD personnel accounted for only 43.9%, while the world's major countries were 50 in 50 For more than%, South Korean RD researchers account for 81.5%. This shows that the structure of the scientific and technological talent team in my country needs to be optimized, and the intensity of RD personnel input is still low.

In terms of top talent reserves in some key areas, in the list of "High Cither Scientists" in 2021, Ke Rui Wei An was selected by Mainland China, accounting for 14.2%, ranking second in the world. Although this data is much higher than 7.9%in 2018, there is still a large gap compared with the 2622 person in the top of the United States, accounting for 39.7%. At the same time, the disciplines of scientists in the Mainland are mainly chemistry, material science and engineering. They have fewer people in the fields of biochemistry, clinical medicine, immunology, microbiology, molecular biology and genetics, and neuroscience.

On the one hand, the structural imbalance of the strategic science and technology talents in my country needs to be further optimized; on the other hand, the discovery and training system of strategic scientists needs to be further improved.

For example, the path and means of discovery and training strategic scientists are relatively single at present, and they are mainly discovered and cultivated "chief scientists" through the leaders of major national scientific and technological tasks. The role of high -end research and development platforms is insufficient, lack of being able to gather top talents, carry out high -level project research and development and high -coordinated technology research, and play a big platform to lead the world. In addition, the establishment and organizational management methods of major scientific and technological projects are yet to be optimized, and the main position of strategic scientists needs to be improved.

For another example, scientists are the most creative at the age of 25 to 45. Statistics for the 435 Nobel Prize winners found that the age of 45 and below accounted for 81%of the total age of the award -winning results. At present, in the training of young scientific and technological talents in my country, there are still problems such as exhausting running projects and eagerness to issue results. Young science and technology talents have compared huge pressure.

In addition, the basic role of education in the training of strategic scientists also needs to be further strengthened. On the one hand, it is urgently needed to deepen the integration of science and education and the integration of talent training in higher education; on the other hand, high -quality basic education is also very important.

At present, my country's education system has problems such as inadequate play in higher education and innovative talent training, the training of scientific and technological talents and the lack of development of the science and technology industry, and poor connection between basic education and higher education.

The talent ecological environment still needs to be improved

The growth of strategic scientists requires a good talent ecological environment. In this regard, we also have some work to be further implemented.

For example, in recent years, "Breaking the Five Wei" has become the focus of attention in the field of science and education, but the "Break Five Wei" has not been organically connected with the "new standard". In the evaluation activity, the "Five Wei" issues have not been eliminated. The phenomenon of "talent hats" and the phenomenon of excessive linked with material interests and resources of resources is still prominent. To a certain extent middle.

For another example, policies and measures of scientific research integrity, the spiritual training of scientists, and innovation culture still need to be further implemented. At present, my country's scientific research dishonesty and long -term prevention mechanism still needs to be improved. The scientific research dishonesty punishment mechanism lacks due intensity, and the management restraint is still limited. Essence

In addition, as an important mechanism to play a role in strategic scientists, the suggestions and mechanisms need to be further improved. Most of the world's major countries have national scientific and technological innovation decision -making consulting agencies to establish a normalized communication mechanism. For example, the United States has the Presidential Science and Technology Advisory Committee, the British establishment of the Government's Chief Scientific Advisory Committee, the Science and Technology Commission, and the establishment of a comprehensive technology and innovation conference in Japan. In 2019, my country has established the National Science and Technology Consulting Commission, but the system, flexible and efficient normalized decision -making consulting mechanism still needs to be further improved.

"Broken Five Wei" must combine the "new standard"

The premise of establishing a team of strategic scientists is to find out the structure of my country's strategic scientific and technological talents, as well as the fields and disciplines of leading, running, and following. List of talent development needs and policy, targetedly support, introduce, and cultivate a number of scientific and technological innovation talents, and strengthen the support of scientific and technological talents in key areas.

In terms of the training of young strategic science and technology talents, we must dare to let young talents take responsibility in the correction of major scientific and technological projects and breakthroughs in industrial innovation. It is also necessary to guide colleges and universities to target the forefront and key areas of science and technology, optimize the layout of basic disciplines, applied disciplines, and cross -discipline construction. , Strengthen the integration of science and education and education, pay attention to the improvement of students 'comprehensive quality and the cultivation of scientific spirit, stimulate students' innovative potential through scientific exploration activities, and guide students to form independent thinking and inquiry ability. In response to the current "breaking five Wei" reforms, we must avoid the use of the titles of strategic scientists to be overexposed, explore the "new standard", implement representative evaluation systems, and actively introduce service objects, users, third -party institutions, and academic communities to participate in the evaluation of talents. At the same time, reduce the excessive intervention of administrative power on academic power, and return scientific research innovation to the value of value. Thoroughly cure the behavior of simple talent titles, academic titles, and administrative powers such as academic resource allocation, professional title review, and explore the establishment of a more scientific project review mechanism, and resolutely prevent bad phenomena such as project review, prize and evaluation of China -Latin -Latin relations, greeting and other bad phenomena Essence

In addition, the role of strategic scientists must be strengthened. The independence of scientific and technological management and leadership departments should maintain the proposal, while creating an academic scientific research environment that tolerate "sounding" and listening to different sounds, it enrichs strategic scientists to provide suggestions and suggestions.

In short, the discovery, cultivation and use of strategic scientists are a systematic project that requires the fertile soil that requires the growth of strategic scientists to strengthen the top -level design from the national level, formulate strategic scientists who meet the strategic needs of national strategic needs, follow the laws of scientific and technological innovation, and meet the laws of talent growth. Discover, cultivate, and use mechanisms.

"China Science News" (2022-07-05 The 3rd edition of the 3rd edition of the original title "The growth of strategic scientists needs to be cultivated" fertile soil ")

Edit | Zhao Lu

Capture | Zhihai

- END -