New revision of the Vocational Education Law Implementation: Improving the recognition of vocational education

The new revised vocational education law is implemented, facing the pain point of the development of vocational education--

Improve vocational education recognition

To promote socialist modernization, high -quality workers and high -level skills need to be called for high -quality vocational education. From May 1 this year, the first large -scale vocational education law was officially implemented after the promulgation of the implementation of the implementation in 1996. The newly revised vocational education law actively responds to social concerns, clarify that vocational school students enjoy equal opportunities in terms of further education, employment, and career development, focus on improving vocational education recognition, and the development of vocational education ushered in a new spring.

With the implementation of the newly revised vocational education law, there are more and more happiness stories of life in all parts of the country.

The degree of recognition is not high to become the biggest difficulty

Vocational education is very important in the "reservoir" of talent training.

"As an important part of the national education system and human resources development, vocational education is an important way to cultivate diverse talents, inherit technical skills, and promote employment and entrepreneurship." Said the Dean of the National Vocational Education Research Institute of Beijing Normal University and Professor Zhen said, development Vocational education is also a long -term need for economic and social development. If there is no vocational education, a complete industrial chain and innovation chain cannot be formed. The technical and technical talents they need will have structural breaks and lacks.

For a long time, the social recognition of vocational education is not high. The "Large -scale Questionnaire Survey Report" released by "Educator" magazine in 2021 shows that when the students and parents interviewed were at the forefront when choosing the "biggest difficulty facing vocational education development".

Why is this? Some experts pointed out that on the one hand, since high school education has adopted a diversion model before, it has caused a "layered" problem to some extent. Vocational education is often considered a level of low ordinary education, and even many parents believe that they would rather prefer children to read more general high schools and do not want to go to vocational middle schools.

On the other hand, many vocational school students have encountered unfair treatment such as "stealth thresholds" in terms of further education and employment, which has strengthened people's cognitive bias for vocational education. Chen Lixiang, vice chairman of the Chinese Vocational and Technical Education Society, pointed out that in the entrepreneurial education, the highest academic degree in vocational education is a college, and there is no connection channel with ordinary higher education. The space for continuing to be studied is limited. In terms of employment, many vocational school graduates are reflected in In the process of examination of civil servants, enterprise and institutions, they encountered "academic degree discrimination". Even after joining the job, they faced barriers more or less in subsequent promotion, including the dilemma of "different payments".

"Due to the fuzzy positioning of the target, some vocational colleges have failed to be independent of the disciplinary education. The quality of education cannot meet the technological development and enterprise production needs, which makes it difficult for students to adapt to the work they are engaged in. "Chen Lixiang said.

A vocational school teacher who had brought a graduation class introduced that there were more than 30 class classes. After 2 years of graduation, almost everyone had a record of departure. Only 3 people were still engaged in the major after leaving. In the opinion of the teacher, the high departure rate of vocational school students is both related to salary and status, and it is also related to many students who cannot find the career and significance.

Input affects output, the same is true in the field of education. For a long time, people have misunderstood and feel that vocational education does not need to spend money. In fact, because more venues, equipment and consumables need to be needed, organizing vocational education itself is a high investment. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the cost of vocational education is about three times that of ordinary education.

In this sense, He Zhen believes that domestic investment in vocational education is not enough. According to statistics, the number of enrollment of Chinese higher vocational vocational accounts accounts for more than 55%of higher education, and the direct investment obtained by higher vocational colleges accounts for only about 20%of the entire higher education.

From "level" to "type" is an important change

From May 1 this year, the implementation of the new vocational education law has been implemented, and many regulations face the development of issues. He Zhen said that the implementation of the new law marks the new stage of Chinese vocational education that has entered high -quality development and building a skill -based society, and also announced that the modern vocational education system with Chinese characteristics has basically formed.

For the first time, the new law is clear that vocational education is a type of education that has the same position as ordinary education. From "level" to "type" is an important change. Chen Lixiang said that this is conducive to shaping social consensus and enhancing the recognition of vocational education.

Different from the previous "diversion", the new law proposes "coordinated development" on the issue of the relationship between vocational education and ordinary education, and also stipulates that "the learning results of promoting vocational education and ordinary education are integrated and recognized." "In the past, vocational education was the saying that the second -rate education 'second -class education' will no longer exist, and it is replaced by 'suitable education'." Chen Lixiang said.

Exports can be imported. In terms of further studies, the new law has opened up the previous "broken road", and the specialty is no longer the "ceiling" of vocational education. "The law stipulates that the undergraduate vocational education majors are set up in ordinary colleges and universities, and a undergraduate vocational education major is set up at a professional school." Chen Ziji, director of the Department of Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, said that vocational school students can not only study college, but also go to undergraduate Essence This smoothly opens the development channel of vocational school students at the legal level, which will greatly improve the enthusiasm of students to go to secondary vocational schools.

Before the implementation of the new law, the pilot of undergraduate level vocational education has actually been carried out across the country. The leaflets studying at Guangdong University of Technology and Council are the beneficiaries of the enrollment reform of the "Professional Professional Promotion" enrollment reform. "Take the road of vocational education, I chose the right!" Recalling the undergraduate experience from secondary vocational schools, Xiaoye was excited. The leaf graduated from junior high school came to Leliu Vocational and Technical School in Foshan City, Guangdong Province. At that time, he was very anxious and felt missed with college life. "With the encouragement of the teacher and family, I never gave up my" university dream "." Xiaoye said. Finally, with unremitting efforts, Xiaoye became a college student through the college entrance examination of his vocational education.

In terms of employment, how to break the "stealth threshold"? The new law stipulates that employers shall not set up applications, hiring, and employment conditions that hinder the equal employment and fair competition from vocational school graduates. Actively respond to the requirements of the new law and continuously expand the employment channels of vocational school students. Beijing recently issued the "Implementation Plan on Promoting High -quality Development of Vocational Education", which included the regulations of the city's higher vocational school graduates into the scope of civil servants' recruitment, which aroused social attention and heated discussions. Many experts said that this move has a good leader in the development of vocational education and has a vane.

In terms of capital investment, Zeng Tianshan, deputy director of the Vocational Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, believes that vocational education cannot rely entirely on government investment, and should seek a combination mechanism in the school's public welfare logic and the market logic of the enterprise. The new law also has a response to this, which will optimize the structure of education funding, encourage multi -channel funds to raise vocational education in accordance with the law, and encourage enterprise institutions, social organizations, and individuals to donate and donate vocational education.

Enhance the understanding between schools and enterprises

At present, China has built the world's largest vocational education system, with a total of 11,200 vocational schools, with more than 29.15 million students in schools, but high -skilled talents account for only about 30%of skill workers. How to cultivate more capable craftsmen in developing vocational education?

In the training of talents, the quality of teaching is very important, and its teacher is at all. A vocational teacher revealed that in the local area, the sources of teachers in vocational schools are mainly fresh graduates in colleges and universities, and it is difficult to recruit suitable professional teachers.

"It is not enough to rely on the teachers of the vocational school alone, to build a" school dual teacher+enterprise trainer "new dual -type teacher team." He Zhen introduced that the new law strengthened the construction of vocational education teachers, established and improved vocational education teachers Cultivate the training system, and encourage vocational schools to hire skill masters, labor models, ingenious craftsmen, and representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage as full -time and part -time teachers and set up studios.

The integration of production and education and school -enterprise cooperation are the development model of vocational education, and it is also an important way to cultivate high -skilled talents. However, in practice, school -enterprise cooperation often faces a superficial and in -depth dilemma. Chongqing Longmen Hao Vocational Middle School explored his own way. In the classroom of the school's intelligent manufacturing public training base, the technicians of Chongqing Mechanical and Electrical Materials Manufacturing Co., Ltd. are explaining 3D printing technology and operating specifications to the students. The training base is jointly created by enterprises and schools, providing training opportunities for thousands of students each year.

In addition to the "School Factory", there are also "factories". In the production workshop of Chongqing Mengxun Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., which is located in the Chayuan New District of Nanan District, Chongqing, more than 100 internship students in Longmen Hao Vocational School are distributed in various operating segments. "guide.

"We also set up 'order classes' 'modern apprenticeship classes', and schools and enterprises jointly formulate talent training plans, jointly write textbooks, recruit students, and train together." Cultivate and strengthen win -win points, enhance the understanding, mutual trust between schools and enterprises, and integration of production and education, and school -enterprise cooperation. "

"How to effectively play the role of the main body of the enterprise has always been the difficulty of integrating production and education and school -enterprise cooperation." Chen Lixiang said that the new law further emphasizes the main role of the enterprise. Enterprises with talent training capabilities and vocational schools carry out multi -form cooperation to implement policies such as rewards, tax and fees for enterprises participating in the integration of production and education.

Only when there is demand, it will be popular. "The integration of production and education and school -enterprise cooperation must be guided by industrial needs to avoid disconnection with economic and social development." He Zhen believes that in this way, the difference in the form of a vocational education model can be formed, which is complete, different in industry, different industrial forms, technical skills, technical skills The iterative industrial development and transformation and upgrading provides various technical and skillful talents.

"At present, we must continuously improve the status and treatment of technical and skillful talents, provide platforms for them to show them skills, learn skills, and create a social atmosphere of national emphasis on skills, social advocacy skills, learning skills, and everyone have skills to inspire more more than more skills. Workers, especially young people, take their skills to become talented and submit their skills to the country. "Chen Lixiang said.

Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition

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