Improve the examination system to improve quality education

From the ancient imperial examinations to today's middle and college entrance examinations, the exam has almost become the theme of discussing the issue of education in China. Studying the structural connection between my country's examination system and society is not good for future education.

Imperial examinations change the ancient social structure

Since ancient times, my country has paid attention to selecting social elites in the way of examinations, and thus establish a country's political and cultural concept. From the hometown of the Zhou Dynasty to the inspection system of the Han Dynasty, from the nine products of Wei and Jin to the imperial examination system of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the selection system of ancient Chinese talents did not happen overnight, but in the Confucian "teaching and no class" " Selected sage and energy "infiltration of ideas and other thoughts gradually formed.

The imperial examination system has continued for more than a thousand years, and its impact on Chinese society is everywhere. Liu Haifeng, director of the Director of the Dicolutions and Examination Research Center of Zhejiang University, said that the imperial examinations have changed the social structure and provided a way to the upper levels. "Famous on the list, and the panton door increases color", which is not only the seductive and spur of the ruler's scholars, but also a true portrayal of the flow of society in the imperial examination era. While promoting the flow of social classes, the imperial examinations have also promoted a considerable range of social regional flow. Whenever you try it, you will gather together in the capital, and the jinshi after high school will go to all parts of the country to perform duties, which will strongly promote the exchange of talents in various places.

The evolution of the test of the scholars requires a more stable social environment and a certain time accumulation. The Sui Dynasty founded the imperial examination system, but failed to develop due to the brief. As for the Tang Dynasty, the impact of the imperial examination on society began to really appear. At the "Examination and Chinese Society" forum held by the Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences of Peking University, Lu Yang, a professor at the Department of History of Peking University, said that the number of people admitted by the imperial examinations of the Tang Dynasty was the least in the past, and the things were rare and expensive. Therefore Praise the imperial examinations and the majority. The new style of social style such as the title of the Yan Pagoda, the Xingyuan Tanhua, and the Qujiang Banquet all reflect the attention of the imperial examinations from the Tang Dynasty from the side.

The influence of the imperial examinations on the social level continued to expand, and many new trends have appeared. According to Chen Wenlong, an associate professor of the Department of Language and Culture of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, one is to establish a three -level test system for the township test, provincial test, and hall test; To the change of the theory of heavy menstruation; the fourth is that the combination of imperial examinations and schools is more closely, and the situation of "taking scholars and being promoted by the school" has gradually formed; the fifth is the increase in the number of imperial examinations, and the imperial examinations have absolutely occupied the middle and senior bureaucrats. Advantage.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a huge change in Chinese society. The imperial examination system had to be changed when it became increasingly uncomfortable with social development. Lu Yan, an associate professor at the Chinese Department of Peking University, said that after 1902, the trial of the Imperial Examination and Township will no longer adopt eight -stranded style, but instead changing the test topic of Chinese and foreign political history and modern examinations. In 1904, the "Playing School Articles of Association" promulgated by the Qing government stipulated that the graduation of the college hall was awarded to the scholarship with the section of the exam, and it was also introduced for the first time. Five types of schools.

Modern exams pay more attention to talent education

After decades of development and evolution, the exams in China's educational sense, especially the college entrance examination, are still regarded as an important way to change the trajectory of individual human life.

Since 1952, my country's college entrance examination has gone through 70 years of spring and autumn. Over the past 70 years, there have been interruptions in the college entrance examination, and there have been controversy for their existence. According to Ying Xing, a professor at the Department of Sociology of Tsinghua University, the college entrance examination system resumed in 1977 has laid a new social order for cutting into the entrance, and it provides a support for the implementation of reform and opening up in 1978. Liu Haifeng said that the college entrance examination is a selection test for the coexistence of advantages and disadvantages. Generally, it seems that the development of Chinese education and society is greater than the disadvantages. Through the continuous improvement of the system, the college entrance examination will be selected in the selection of suitable talents, ensuring the fairness of education, purifying the society, and maintaining the society. Stable and promoting social flows, continue to play an important role.

For a long time, my country's examination system has been dominated by talent education. Lu Yi, a researcher at the Higher Education Research Institute of Fudan University, said that human wisdom is mainly manifested as high -level cognitive ability, and it is implemented in the integration of discipline knowledge. The help of the test to talent education is not only personal, but also social. The process of participating in a large -scale examination is a useful social rules, which enables people to achieve a sense of order awareness of fair competition within the scope of the rules, and acknowledge the objective gap at the level of intelligence, thereby promoting the popularization of scientific knowledge.

With the development of the times, the disadvantages of exam -oriented education have become increasingly apparent. Liu Yunshan, a professor at the School of Education of Peking University, proposed that in the routization teaching of standard answers, the learning content is boring and the test pressure is anxious. The knowledge routine that learners have repeatedly mastered are a stagnation of intellectual development and enhancement of psychological attachment. The learning motivation has tended to the external incentives brought by the test results. The attractiveness of learning content is very limited. Zhao Xiaoli, an associate professor at the School of Law of Tsinghua University, said that after the examination education, many students were still looking for standard answers after entering colleges and universities. This rigid thinking model is not conducive to the cultivation of innovative talents in colleges and universities.

In order to improve the many problems brought by the exam -oriented education, at the end of the 20th century, my country began to implement quality education reform.Quality education corresponds to some parts such as morality and aesthetics that are more internal, more humanistic and cannot be evaluated by certain standards like talent.In Lu Yi's view, quality education and talent education are not contradictory. Only the goal of "strong talent -strong quality" is in line with the vision of Chinese education and quality upgrades and science and education.Some comprehensive quality of people can be evaluated and some cannot be evaluated, so the exams cannot carry all responsibilities.Although quality education has been implemented in my country for more than 20 years, some measures still need to be improved.In order to build a developed education system that is compatible with quality education and examination systems, the academic community is urgently required to conduct research on modern examination technology, educational evaluation methods, and talent selection systems.Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Ban Xiaoyue

- END -