How does the college entrance examination volunteer affect a person's fate?

After the score of the college entrance examination in 2022, the volunteer will become the top priority.

No matter how long you are from the college entrance examination, it is undeniable that this is a choice that a person cannot ignore in his life. The college entrance examination, as one of the "one of the largest and most influential matching mechanisms in the world", affects the fate of everyone in this mechanism--

There are people who cry because their parents have changed their volunteers; those who are lucky to be admitted by good schools; there are also people who have tested high scores, volunteer but worse; there are majors who choose like People; there are people who choose to make money, but give up their interest ... There are joy, regret, pain, and tangling. This is a story related to many people.

Ye Xiaoyang, 34 years old, is a postdoctoral post -doctorate of Education Economics of Brown University. His undergraduate and master's degree graduated from Peking University and graduated from the University of Michigan. His research direction for many years is to try to improve students' educational decisions with behavioral economics and artificial intelligence, including the impact of volunteer volunteers from the college entrance examination on individual destiny, and how to fill in volunteers more scientifically.

For candidates, 2022 is undoubtedly a special year. A total of 11.93 million people participated in the college entrance examination this year. Candidates this year, also a candidate who was affected by the epidemic in high school career. According to last year's data, about 41%of all candidates can accept undergraduate, and about 20%of them can admit one. As for this year, everything is still unknown.

What affect your college entrance examination volunteer? What is the connection between voluntary reporting and education fairness? What are the strategies for filling in the college entrance examination? In order to answer these questions, "Character" and Ye Xiaoyang interviewed.

The following is Ye Xiaoyang's description.

Text ｜ Yi Fangxing

Edit ｜ Chu Ming

Figure ｜ Vision China (except for special labels)

What are the volunteers that affect your college entrance examination?

To answer this question, I want to tell a story of personal experience first.

In the summer of 2016, the team and I did volunteer reporting on the college entrance examination in Ningxia. The subject at the time was about "the impact of information intervention on the professional selection of the college entrance examination." We were led by Teacher Ding Yanqing, a doctoral instructor from Peking University Education Institute, and distributed one -third of Ningxia's high school students. One -to -one counseling. At noon of volunteer reporting on the last day of the report, we ended all the work and prepared to return.

For me, Ningxia is a very important place, and it is the beginning of my research on educational decision -making. I have been in contact with many provinces and cities. Ningxia is by far the only place to comprehensively cooperate with a college entrance examination with an academic team.

Before leaving Ningxia, we had lunch in a restaurant in Yinchuan. At that time, there were two female waiters in the private room. They suddenly asked, "Teacher, listen to you about the college entrance examination report? Can you help us make some suggestions?"

At the end of June, it was the volunteer time of the first and second books of Ningxia. It was only obtained by the rotation in early August. One of these two girls also received the volunteer reporting manual from the school at the time. We asked, "Have you reported it?" Both girls said, "I didn't get the two lines, so I didn't report it."

I suddenly felt wrong. Because we know that there is a very special college entrance examination policy, ethnic minorities can fill in the preparatory classes, which can be reported at 80 points below the two lines, and many offline students are admitted. After reporting to the preparatory class, it is equivalent to spending more than one year to learn but can be used to two books. This is a good option for many ethnic minorities students who are not wealthy, especially when three independent colleges with high fees are mostly. We also worked hard to let students know this option during voluntary consultation.

We quickly said: "The volunteer system is closed at 5 pm, don't go to work, hurry home to report the preparatory volunteers." The two little girls still hesitated, so we asked them to take leave with the hotel owner. Help.

At that time, Pingshui met, and there was no contact information. I don't know what happened to the two girls later. I am very impressed by this, just like a word I often say to the students, "You think you have no chance, in fact you still have a chance, but you have to know this information and actively act."

Cases similar to "information lack" occur almost every year. The family background is relatively weak. We found that under the same score of the college entrance examination, rural student unions have admitted to schools with lower average quality than urban students, majors with worse employment prospects ("high scores and low records").

This phenomenon is not only unique to China. A multinational study in a 8 -country in 8 countries found that the differences and gender differences admitted by universities are common in these countries and are similar. We estimate that an average of one -third of students in the country with high scores and low scores (including not accepted by universities) each year. This estimation value is equivalent to the United States, although the university admission mechanism in the two countries is extremely different.

A student is browsing the school enrollment chapter

The core problem behind this is not that the college entrance examination is not good, but because there is a problem with voluntary reporting. Back to urban and rural differences, even if the college entrance examination scores are the same, the schools and majors that rural students finally recorded are relatively "worse". Our research results show that rural students lack a true observation of colleges and professional information, and can only know the level of colleges and professional information according to basic information such as colleges and professional names. The core dilemma is still lack of information. In recent years, we have also helped disadvantaged students to fill in the college entrance examination volunteers. In Ningxia, the father of only a dozen percent of the students went to college -this means that even if many students fill in the opinions of parents, most parents have not attended college. Those students who have worked hard for 12 years to have the opportunity to go out through education. It is a pity to lose a better chance of life because of the obstacles of the college entrance examination volunteer filling in the obstacles. This is also a kind of inequality in the information age.

This "unequal" can be changed. Provide key information to help people make better decisions. For example, we just provide students with a very simple information -a national undergraduate graduate divided by major categories (such as literature, economics, science, and engineering). Their professional choice. This shows that these students may not know such a very simple information when choosing a major.

Information does not necessarily solve the problem of all the volunteers of college entrance examinations. We have been exploring a better way in the past few years, such as lectures and one -on -one counseling, the effect is obvious.

We have also found more people to do volunteer counseling. The first thing to think of is the head teacher and teachers of the local high school. At that time, we also raised funds to motivate teachers. They only use 5 days of volunteer counseling to receive a paid equivalent to 1-2 months of salary. But the problem is also coming, and the inspiration is indeed very large, but we find that the volunteers reported by the teachers have not reported better than the students.

One of the important reasons behind this is that local teachers do not know how to report volunteers.

We asked the teachers' three volunteer rules, and only ten percent of the teachers answered correctly. In particular, Ningxia has changed from sequential volunteers to parallel volunteers since 2009. After 8 years, there are still teachers who do not know what parallel volunteers are, and continue to give students suggestions to students in accordance with the rules of order of order.

We also investigated the teachers and their students at the same time. More than half of the teachers believe that their suggestions are important to fill in students' volunteers. Among the students, only five percent of people think so.

A certain college entrance examination volunteer filling in the consultation meeting site

See a confused face

In fact, there are not many people who do the research and counseling directly in the college entrance examination volunteers in China.

There are many reasons. One of the important reasons is that the "ingredients" that are studied -data is difficult to obtain. Just like what we said earlier, Ningxia can get the data and peaceful people. We have also done such large -scale projects in many other provinces. The project has been completed and the money has been spent. I didn't get the data, so I didn't know how the effect was. Many studies can only find data in some areas, such as a county or a school. It is difficult to have a scale like Ningxia.

Another reason is that it is really difficult to do this. The teacher also reminded me: "You may not know much about the current college entrance examination consultation in China has become a mixed business field of fish and dragons. People don't believe that some people are doing non -commercial efforts."

Even so, there are "unlimited minority" on this road. Qiu Xinyao, one of the most important collaborators in the near future, can make her have a great bright future. She chose to do a volunteer research on the college entrance examination. I was often worried about bringing her "ditch", but she didn't seem to give up.

The reason why I still insist on doing today is that in addition to three -pointers, I also have the influence of my own experience.

I graduated from Chongqing Bashu Middle School in 2006. There are many super middle schools in China, and Chongqing Bashu Middle School must be among the best. That year, the liberal arts of Peking University recruited a total of more than 20 people in Chongqing, and our class went to 11. I got the independent enrollment quota of Peking University at that time and I could choose a major. Among our classmates, I was the fastest volunteer. When I met the teacher of the Peking University admissions group, I asked: "I want to go to the School of Economics?" The volunteer filling is over.

I later reflected, there were many regrets. Even in a key middle school, our students have not received information support from the college entrance examination from the school teacher. For example, my interest is literary history, but when I looked at professional names, I chose economics. Later, I entered Peking University and learned that there was a double degree in economics at the Economics Research Center of Peking University. If I knew these at that time, I might fill in the history and philosophy of literature, history, and philosophy.

For the liberal arts students of those years, the primary and professional institutes of Peking University may be the Guanghua School of Management. When I was in the third year of high school, I bought a magazine I bought from the grandma of the school newspapers, which said that the economics history of Peking University is old and it sounds more "academic". Later, it was discovered that the original Economics of Peking University was mostly at the Guanghua and Economics Research Center. Although I also met a lot of good teachers and good friends who believed in each other at the School of Economics, but today, 16 years ago, if I know more, choice may be different. I also remembered a friend, we called him Weber.

As a volunteer system, I finished the volunteer idle person in the first minute of opening. On the last days of June 2006, I accompanied my friends from all walks of life to fill in volunteers. One afternoon I went to the school's computer room to accompany another classmate to fill in the volunteer. My mother called to urge me to go home and say that my cousin was waiting for me to help him suggest volunteer (now I want to come, my 18 -year -old child can know what What?), When I was going out of the computer room, Weber stopped me.

When I turned around, I saw a particularly confused face. Weber's parents couldn't provide him with any suggestions, and unlike me, there were many friends in school (I may be counted as one of his best friends). I went to his computer and opened dozens of pages on the screen, all of which are introduced by various schools and majors.

His scores are very high, except for Qingbei, other schools can consider. But where to go, what major to learn, there is a professional adjustment risk under the old college entrance examination. These choices are also difficult for high -scoring candidates. I don't remember what suggestions I have provided him. I feel that my role at that time can only give him a peaceful pill. Later, he admitted to Nanjing University Law School, and now he is a very good lawyer in Chongqing.

Later, these volunteers always appeared in my memory, and it undoubtedly affected my life so far. On the path of studying and research, until 2015, I did second -hand data research on educational policies.

After 2015, from the volunteer volunteer of the college entrance examination, I found the path of random experiments to finally feel positive feedback. It can really help people and change the fate of individuals. So I have persisted until now.

Ye Xiaoyang and team partners.

Change, tangled

In recent years, the college entrance examination system has not been static, but has been exploring and changing. Many times they are crossing the river by touching the stones, sometimes it is quite successful, but there are some episodes.

This has to be said to the reform of the new college entrance examination. In 2014, the two most developed regions in China, Shanghai and Zhejiang, as the test zone, carried out the first batch of reforms. Zhejiang's reform is the most pioneer. It has launched the "Seven Election and Three", which is also a technology in addition to the six subjects of traditional literary comprehensive and rational comprehensive. In this way, students have 35 combinations. The second reform is the voluntary report. The old college entrance examination is recorded first to the school, and then considering the major, and the new college entrance examination can completely disrupt the arrangement of schools and majors.

Both are good trends, because they expand the choice of students and avoid the restrictions of many volunteers of the old college entrance examination.

However, there have been problems with Zhejiang reform. For example, after the test becomes a score system, in order to test high scores, many candidates who report to the science and engineering majors do not choose difficult physical subjects. In some middle schools, only 7 students dared to choose physics, and finally even triggered a tutoring mechanism.

In the college entrance examination, another thing that had a great impact occurred in Zhejiang. Some high -scoring candidates with more than 600 points have been filled in some three schools, resulting in a group of volunteer filling accidents. For example, a student took 646 points, and as a result, he volunteered to fill in Zhejiang College of Tongji University, thinking that this was the branch of Tongji University. The reason why this happened was because after the reform, Zhejiang volunteered from the previous batch admission to "no batch, professional parallel submission". ), You can compete with the original college. In addition, the name of the name is relatively strong, and the candidates mistakenly think that it is the same university.

Moreover, no matter how reforms, for many candidates, some tangles will always be there. For example, do you want to read again? Several teachers such as Zhang Yan and Ding Yanqing have also done research.

Re -reading has now formed a "Matthew effect". In the limited recruitment quota, some successful re -students will occupy the resources of the fresh graduates, and will become a role model for fresh graduates, which will continue, which will lead to the increasingly common phenomenon of re -reading. The school is also willing to recruit re -study students, which can not only obtain economic benefits, but also improve the rate of recurrence because of recruiting excellent reinstate students.

Through data analysis, we found that re -reading can follow. Among Ningxia's 2015 college entrance examination candidates, other conditions remain unchanged, the probability of girls is 2.39%higher than boys, and science students are 4.52%higher than science students, and the probability of re -reading in rural students is 10.08%higher than urban students. Essence

Is it effective after re -reading? The data also gives the answer -the re -reading rate of students within 10 points of the second line is significantly high, and there are significant positive returns. However, for classmates near a line, three lines, and specialty lines, no significant changes have been found before and after repeating.

We also interviewed two local teachers. One is a senior teacher with more than 20 years of teaching experience, and the other is a Chinese teacher who teaches in Ningxia and Qinghai after graduating from undergraduate. The two teachers analyzed that this phenomenon appeared because the concept of "only two or more books is considered to be college" in the local area. At the same time, compared with one or two colleges and universities, the tuition fees for three colleges and universities are significantly higher. Parents and students also want to re -study for two books for one year to avoid high tuition fees. It is worth mentioning that there are a small number of students who have repeatedly read more than three times. The data shows that their potential re -reading income has been very small. The older the re -reading, the relatively poor re -reading effect. And those students with high self -stress are more likely to choose to repeat, but the actual re -reading effect is not good.

How to fill in this year's college entrance examination volunteer?

At the beginning, I did academic research purely, and then slowly expanded to public welfare.

Recalling a project in 2016, we named the project "The Bright Future of China", and we also borrowed the name of the Xinhua dictionary "We all have a bright future". At that time, we were determined to help 1 million college candidates to fill in their volunteers, and now we are only midway.

I will also answer questions about the volunteer reporting of the college entrance examination on the social platform, and remember a story I saw above:

"Parents changed my volunteer privately.

I am a junior high school graduate this year, and coordinates the third -tier cities in the south. The college entrance examination is often played, the grades are very good, and you can choose a very good university. I fell ill after I filled up on the Internet myself, and then went to school to confirm that my parents helped.

Just after receiving a call from the class teacher yesterday, I asked me why I chose a dual -African school with such high scores. I was stunned at the time. The volunteers I filled in myself were 5 985. Later, after asking her mother, she admitted that she changed my volunteer and replaced her first volunteer into a dual -African school recommended by relatives at home. I heard that the whole person collapsed in the future and was at a loss at all.

I know this is the best result that I can get within my ability. I can't read it with such a mentality, and I can't accept the poor school. Now the volunteer has confirmed that the completion cannot be changed. I think my parents have ruined my life and do not know how to face the next life. "

Every time I lecture, I will say that volunteer filling in the password must be kept well, and no one can say, including parents. Many Chinese parents have some ingrained ideas, such as do not want their children to go out of the province, or boys or girls have more suitable majors, or I heard that a certain major is better.

The college entrance examination volunteer fills in, students are the protagonists. As parents, we should stand at the perspective of children, respect their thoughts, and let them maximize their lives.

If you want to persuade your parents to respect yourself, you can use the conclusion of another study we do. Because the volunteer reporting of the college entrance examination on life will be reflected in the matching of students and universities. Not matching will bring negative effects on students' academic and employment. They are more likely to choose employment rather than further studies, and they will also have a negative impact on the income of one year after graduation. Even if it is a low score, because it may enter a relatively weak professional discipline, it is relatively disadvantaged in the labor market, and there are fewer opportunities for high salaries.

2020 Shaanxi College Entrance Examination Volunteer Fill in the Consultation Club

In many places to carry out new college entrance examination reforms, 96 volunteers must be filled in. There are more, Liaoning has to fill in 112, and Tianjin can fill out 300 combinations. The quantity is one aspect, and the basic filling logic will not change. I summarized several aspects:

The first is professional priority. Because the old college entrance examination is admitted to the school first, we need to weigh between colleges and majors, and the new college entrance examination is different. At the same time, it is best to let your university choose to be decentralized and not concentrated in the same university. There are not many good majors in each university, unless they are the best universities, such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, or especially want to go to a certain school. In addition, most candidates can first determine several majors with a small number -try to control within 5 as much as possible, and then choose schools.

The second is to open the gradient of volunteers and follow the principle of "stability, guarantee, and rushing." The new college entrance examination is different from the old college entrance examination. Sometimes the old college entrance examination is to choose a school first to prevent retirement or be adjusted, which makes you dare not report to a better school. But under the new college entrance examination, especially the professional model of directly recording the college, you can boldly rush.

Of the 96 volunteers, some are responsible for sprinting, and a part of the guarantee should be left. Do not record a volunteer. Because although 96 are reported, each province will always not even report a volunteer, and many of them are super high points. Our data show that the reform of the new college entrance examination is basically stable to the professional admission range of various schools, and the scores of their scores will be 10 points up and down, and we can choose a "stable, guaranteed, and rushing" choice.

The third is precise prediction. Every year I receive the secondary question: Teacher Ye, how many points do I take, can I go to a school or professional? This is also the most suitable scene for artificial intelligence in volunteer filling in the college entrance examination. We are doing predictions throughout our lives and determining our actions at this moment based on the results of forecasting. The logic of prediction is the same. Use past data to identify the trend of changes in things.

You have to do some data work to compare your scores and the admission scores of the target college majors in previous years, and then use your experience and knowledge to predict the volatility of the admission score this year. In the first two years of the new college entrance examination, the volunteers were not easy to report, because the data used for reference was relatively small, and after the third year, it became stable. Our data show that the possibility of leakage is reduced, but the probability of the school you want to go and in line with your score has also greatly increased. It is worth noting that the basis of accurate prediction is to calculate "equal division". For example, you scored 630 points this year, ranking 20,000, which is equivalent to how much last year. Just such a simple thing, many people will ignore it. Simply compare the score lines from scores, and finally volunteer is bad.

Over the years, I have contacted many candidates. There is a type that is very serious, and the counseling is very happy. Last year, a little girl impressed me. To what extent she reported her volunteer, she picked up 20 schools. Each school made a marker, wrote the advantages and disadvantages of the school, and the final result was also very good. This is an example of the best college entrance examination volunteer in the past two years.

There is another kind of candidate, who does not want to do anything, hesitates, and feels regretful. This kind of counseling is very tired. From a personal point of view, I prefer to counsel the first one. But I sometimes think that, as I do n’t help her, she will do my homework and can report well. On the contrary, perhaps the second is the object that really needs help.

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