Calligraphy has officially become a first -level discipline, with a doctoral degree in a doctoral degree. Where can young students go in the future?

On December 10, 2021, the Ministry of Education issued a document "Regarding the Directory of Disciplinary Disciplines for Doctoral, Master's Degree and Talent Training Disciplines" and its management measures for comments "for the first time. Essence

On September 13, 2022, the Degree Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education issued the "Catalog of Graduate Education Discipline (2022)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Catalog") and the "Administrative Measures for the Administration of the Discipline of Graduate Education". "Formally listed as a first -level discipline, graduate training that launched admissions in the second half of 2023 is implemented according to the new version of the discipline.

From soliciting opinions to formal positioning first -level disciplines, less than a year, calligraphy has become the rationality, necessity, necessity, and discussion of the future development of disciplines and discussions between the future development of the discipline. In this regard, Red Star Journalists talked a number of postgraduate institutions, masters and educators in the reading method, in order to comprehensively understand the system construction and design considerations behind the major.

↑ Picture according to the website of the Ministry of Education

From art majors to first -level disciplines

Red Star News reporters found that there were 14 categories in the new version of the catalog, including 117 first -level disciplines, 36 doctoral degree categories, and 31 master's degree categories. One of the highlights is that the calligraphy major is officially included in the first -level discipline.

Public information shows that in 1963, the Chinese Academy of Fine Arts was the first undergraduate major. However, before the new version of the "Catalog" landed, the calligraphy major was enrolled according to art. It was a four -year undergraduate major in the four -year undergraduate in art and music (some colleges have specialties).

In fact, before the release of the new version of the "Catalog", according to the incomplete statistics of Red Star Journalists, there were about 140 colleges and universities in my country set up undergraduate majors, and nearly 34 universities and research institutes had begun to recruit calligraphy graduate students.

Regarding this reform, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education also recently responded publicly that the new version of the "Catalog" has strengthened the support of disciplines that promote the outstanding traditional culture of China. According to the characteristics of the cultivation of artistic talents, the next level of subject and professional degree category of the arts category and the professional degree category is focused. Based on the first -level discipline of the original art theory, a first -level discipline of art, including the theory of art theory And the history, theory and review research of related special arts, and set up six doctoral degrees such as music, dance, drama and film and television, opera and music, art and calligraphy, and design.

So, what does the calligraphy major in the first -level discipline mean? Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Education and Science, told Red Star News: "The status of first -level disciplines is different from ordinary disciplines. It has become a first -level discipline, which means that it can continue to set up second -level disciplines under its branch. I have to expand a lot. "

Why do they study graduate students in calligraphy?

Postgraduate training teachers: narrow employment, high promotion threshold, and low postgraduate entrance examination

Teacher Zhang, a calligraphy professional direction of a certain postgraduate training institution, told Red Star News that after graduating from a master's degree or doctor of calligraphy, most of them will choose to engage in calligraphy teaching. However Employment positions are still scarce, so most graduates can only engage in hard pen or brush calligraphy training, and the employment methods are relatively single. Therefore, more students of calligraphy undergraduate have chosen to continue reading and studied by employment pressure.

Teacher Li, a trainer in the calligraphy direction of another postgraduate entrance examination, also said that most students choose to study for master's degree or doctoral degree in calligraphy or doctoral degrees in order to obtain more employment opportunities and expand future promotion space. "For example, to enter the authoritative calligraphy association, or teach at university, and want to get higher professional title evaluation, then education is a threshold."

Regarding the future way out of calligraphy students, the "Employment Quality Report of the 2021 Hubei Academy of Fine Arts College" released by Hubei Academy of Fine Arts in January 2022 shows that the industry of calligraphy graduates is mainly in education (33.33%), culture, sports, sports, sports He Entertainment (33.33%), leasing and business service industry (33.33%); Judging from the nature of the employment units of the graduates of calligraphy, it is mainly in other enterprises (66.67%) and the middle school education unit (33.33%).

↑ Picture of the official website of Hubei Academy of Fine Arts

Teacher Yang, who is also a professional training teacher in calligraphy, said that for the students of calligraphy, because of the scarcity of reality and the pressure of employment, many people lack a clear career plan when reading, and this has spawned calligraphy to some extent. Most professional undergraduates choose to continue the postgraduate entrance examination.

In addition, Teacher Yang also told reporters that calligraphy postgraduate entrance examinations often have more reasons for the reason that although the industry is not easy to find good jobs, they can enter education institutions after graduation or become a primary and secondary school calligraphy teacher. Many people are also good career choices. On the other hand, the difficulty of the postgraduate entrance examination of calligraphy majors is relatively low, so students who think that their own majors are not very good will also choose to study calligraphy graduate students across the professional postgraduate entrance examination.

However, the establishment of calligraphy into a first -level discipline is to alleviate the pressure of employment. Chu Zhaohui does not agree. He believes that there are not many jobs that can actually absorb calligraphy in calligraphy majors, and they are very professional. It is not necessary to stand up to expand employment by adding doctoral points. This view cannot stand up. At the same time, Chu Zhaohui also believes that because of the strong professionalism of calligraphy, although the employment of graduates is not extensive than other majors, the existence of the threshold means that the horizontal competition will be lower. Calligraphy major students' study experience:

Before setting up a first -level discipline, there was almost no "presence" in calligraphy major

"Line the PhD degree in calligraphy majors, I see this news very excited." Student Wang said that the implementation of this policy will greatly encourage more master's degree in calligraphy and doctoral students, including himself, in the field of calligraphy. To do valuable research, I also see the encouragement and advancement of this major at the national level.

Ben master, Wang, who studies in calligraphy, is now a master's degree in Chinese calligraphy at the Capital Normal University. Recalling that before the calligraphy major was listed as a first -level discipline enrollment, he felt the low "sense of presence" of this discipline: "We used to talk about the science of the calligraphy in the past. The book is also the direction of Chinese calligraphy history under the Chinese Culture and Culture Research Institute. "

According to classmate Wang, the undergraduate teaching of calligraphy majors opened by his school mainly includes sketching, watercolor and other content. In undergraduate, students will also require students to learn multiple types of calligraphy such as "Li Li Kai Cao" each year.

"Undergraduate is more of basic general education, but graduate learning is more focused on technical learning." Wang said that after the second semester of graduate students, each student must choose a book that he likes or good at himself. Physical practice of professional practice. At the time of graduation, Xueshuo needs to submit a calligraphy work, and the masterpiece will ask for two.

Of course, the master's teaching of calligraphy is also necessary. According to classmate Wang, students in calligraphy also need to actively publish papers during the study period. Even from the beginning of the semester, the instructor will arrange the thesis topic for students. Published on magazines and other publications.

How can the calligraphy major develop in the future?

Expert: Calligraphy major has a long -term connection in other majors.

After the new version of the "Catalog" is landed, what different weights are compared with the past? What opportunities can the construction of calligraphy disciplines bring?

"Calligraphy is an art, and when you enter universities, and enter the modern education system, then it becomes a science." Chu Zhaohui said that setting calligraphy into a first -level discipline should be coexistence and disadvantages.

Chu Zhaohui proposed that calligraphy, as an art, pays more attention to personalized art performance, but if you enter the first -level discipline, from a good side, he believes that this will encourage more people to pay attention to the learning of calligraphy, and it will also be encouraged. It conveys the promotion of traditional culture in my country's education. In the long run, it helps society to form a traditional culture, including calligraphy, and further inheritance of art.

But as a discipline, the establishment of calligraphy, especially the doctoral point, actually makes this art cultivation into a standardized development path. Chu Zhaohui explained that the establishment of a first -level discipline in colleges and universities means that employees and students need to conduct academic research related to calligraphy, evaluation of multiple indicators, and title evaluation of title.

From this perspective, Chu Zhaohui believes that the "supporting science" outside of these calligraphy itself will not have much impact on the calligraphy itself. "As long as you like calligraphy, then you can still learn calligraphy instead of going to obtain a degree, participate in the assessment or evaluate the title."

As for the teaching significance of the process of entering the first -level discipline construction process, Yu Yang, a professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts and deputy director of the National Theme Fine Arts Creation Research Center of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, recently publicly published an article: Among other majors, the current development of calligraphy disciplines cannot be fully adapted to the changes in the times. It is necessary to think about whether the resource allocation is reasonable and whether the shortage of high -quality teachers' resources.

(Red Star reporter Yang Yuqi Wu Yang intern Wang Chenyuan Intern Cheng Yichen)

【Edit: Yao Hao】

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