Graduate graduates have broken 10 million, how to solve the problem of employment?

10.76 million, the number of college graduates this year. This is also the first time that the number of college graduates has across the "10 million" threshold.

On June 15, the National Bureau of Statistics announced the operation of the national economy in May. From the perspective of employment, the nationwide urban survey unemployment rate has decreased compared with the previous month. The urban survey rate of urban cities and towns aged 16-24 rose to 18.4%. The two months set the indicator from January 2018. The new high since its announcement. Fu Linghui, the director of the National Bureau of Statistics and the Director of the Comprehensive Statistics Department of the National Economic Economic Bureau, reminded that the current high unemployment rate of youth is "important." Among the 16-24 -year -old young people incorporated into this survey, college graduates accounted for their heads.

Mao Yufei, an associate professor at the School of Labor and Economics of the University of Economics and Trade and a researcher at the Chinese Institute of Employment of the Chinese University of China, told the reporter of "China Report" that students graduated in June or July. The employment situation has more reference value for several months.

At the moment of graduation season, most graduates need to enter the labor market in the environment where the epidemic is delayed for nearly 3 years. Experts interviewed admitted that the higher unemployment rate reflected that the macro growth was not expected, and the employment problem of college graduates was not only related to individual future, but also stabilizing the economy and employment.

The supply side of the university is obvious

In the four years since the release of the youth unemployment rate, the consistent trend of each year is the "V" type, that is, gradually rising around March, reaching the year high in July and August, and starting to decline in September and October. "We have also studied why this is like this." Mao Yufei explained that when the National Bureau of Statistics statistics, the definition of the unemployed population can be understood as "there is no job at present, but after actively finding a job, immediately entering the job after finding a job and immediately entering the job immediately after finding a job. The population of the state.

"College graduates actually meet the first two conditions, but they cannot start working immediately. Therefore, before graduation, they belong to non -labor force and have not been included in the statistical caliber of the unemployment rate. As the graduation season gradually arrives, unable to employment graduates will be non -labor force by non -labor force. The population turns into an unemployment. "Mao Yufei said, which directly increased the unemployment rate of youth in July and August each year.

Entering the employment market with graduates, the rhythm of work is finally found. The unemployment rate of youth usually declines significantly in September and October. "This is a typical manifestation of frictional unemployment, that is, college graduates and employers after a period of time after a period of time Completed the search and matching of each other. "Qu Yan, director of the Labor and Employment Research Office of the Institute of Population and Labor of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the reporter of" China Report ".

However, from the data point of view, this year's youth unemployment rate was 16%in March, rose to 18.2%in April, and 18.4%in May. Compared with the highest 16.2%in June in previous years, the high operation time was significantly advanced. In Qu Yan's view, it is largely due to the outbreaks of Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing after the Spring Festival this year. "These three cities are not ordinary cities, with strong economic driving effects and the fastest demand for labor. Enterprises with serious affected affairs are not only uncomfortable, but may even lay off layoffs. "".

△ On October 12 last year, the "Autumn Recruitment" of Shanghai University Graduates was held in Shanghai Jianqiao College, with more than 25,000 recruits.

Mao Yufei has long followed the employment of college graduates. In his opinion, paying attention to the employment situation of college graduates not only has the dimension of youth unemployment rates, but also refer to the changes in the number of college students in different time periods and changes in corporate recruitment needs.

According to the "2022 University Student Employment Report" released by Zhilian Recruitment, after the spring recruitment, as of mid -April, 46.7%of graduates with a job search plan have been received, a decrease of 16.1%compared with the same period last year; Graduates accounted for 15.4%, which also decreased by 2.9%compared to 2021. The reference rate has decreased significantly. From the side shows that due to the decrease in recruitment positions, the choice space of graduates has narrowed, and job competition has intensified.

Qu Yan pointed out that the employment of college graduates should be discussed in a new background: one is that the epidemic is repeated and the macroeconomic decline, and the other is that the size of the graduates has reached a new level.

In fact, the total number of college graduates hit a new high every year, and it seems that it is only a matter of time to enter the era of millions of people. But the speed accelerated significantly this year -the total number of people was 1.67 million more than last year, which was nearly 5 times the increase in last year. Qu Yan and Mao Yufei believe that this has nothing to do with college expansion policies that have started in 1999 and continued to this day.

Looking at in recent years, the reporter consulted the information and found that in the 3 years of 2019, 2020, and 2021, the higher vocational college expanded about 3.16 million; in 2017, the Ministry of Education issued a non -full -time master's graduate enrollment plan with a total of about 137,000 people. ; In 2020, graduate students expanded 189,000; in terms of doctoral students, the enrollment of doctoral students in 2018 increased by 13.86%compared with the previous year, and the expansion rate reached the largest since 2003.

Qu Yan said that each layer is expanding, and the school relieves employment pressure to a certain extent, but also superimposed the scale of graduates and pushing up this year's graduation wave.

The "big household" in the industry has reduced, and the postgraduate entrance examination is publicly hot

What co -exists with the scale of scale, in previous years, the industry has been weak in the industry's employment in college graduates.

The fresh graduates of a normal college in Henan graduated this year. In the past three years with the epidemic, many students around them can only stay in school. stop". This influence continues until the graduation season. She was impressed by her autumn recruitment in 2019. "There are many companies that are countless. They are erected on the playground like a stall, set up tables and chairs, and one -on -one services. This year No, all turned online, not only the forms changed, but the company has not been in previous years. "According to Mao Yufei, the branch industry has seen the recruitment needs of the Internet and education and training industries that have been favored by colleges and universities for a long time.

Earlier, the news about the "large -scale layoffs of the Internet factory" spread widened. On April 8th, the WeChat public account of "China Information China" posted a response that China Internet Information Network interviewed 12 Internet companies including Tencent, Alibaba, Meituan, and Jingdong. According to statistics, from July 2021 to mid -March 2022, the total number of groups of 12 companies left was 216,800, the total number of recruiters was 295,900, and 79,100 people were increasing, of which 11 companies recruited more than those who left.

"We also found that there are more management positions in reducing recruitment, and technical positions such as software development have not actually decreased." Mao Yufei believes that intelligent manufacturing and modern service industries have strong demand for digital transformation, and high -skilled talents are still short. Graduates have mismatched skills and graduates who are interested in the Internet industry, whether they are liberal arts or science, should improve data -related skills. "

△ On November 28 last year, the "National Examination" in 2022 started the exam.

In addition to employment, the choices in front of college graduates are postgraduate entrance examinations, exams, and editors. Qu Yan and Mao Yufei noticed that college graduates are more "stable". Under the huge total size, these roads are quite "crowded."

Official data show that the number of postgraduate applicants this year was 4.57 million, an increase of 800,000 over last year. Among the six undergraduates guided by Mao Yufei this year, there are 3 postgraduate entrance examinations, 1 editor, and 2 employment. According to his observations, the total number of students who choose to take the postgraduate entrance examination generally occupy nearly half, and more than half of the foreign postgraduate entrance examinations. Recently, the national line of postgraduate entrance examination announced in 2022 shows that except for a few majors, the score line generally rises sharply, and some majors have increased by more than 10 points. "Although colleges and universities are expanding, the number of graduate students has not increased so much, which has driven the difficulty of postgraduate entrance examination." Mao Yufei said.

In terms of examinations, after the registration of the National Examination in 2022, a total of 2.123 million people passed the qualification review. The actual number of employees was only 312,000, and the reimbursement ratio was as high as 68: 1. The announcement issued by the State Civil Servant Bureau specifically emphasized that the municipal (prefecture) level and the following institutions are mainly recruited fresh graduates of colleges and universities.

Talking about the phenomenon of heating in the test of the test, Lu Feng, a professor at the National Development Research Institute of Peking University, told a reporter from "China Report" that the selection of high -education graduates should undoubtedly consider social needs and professional talents. However, in the market economic environment Personal selection may be one of the bottom line principles.

He pointed out that high -education graduates are willing to work in the system themselves, but when a system or civil servant positions appear in a system in a system, they cannot be said to be normal and positive. "The problem is not that young people are keen to apply for civil servants, but that under the market economy system, the government and market reality relationships still need to be improved and improved by deepening reforms." Lu Feng said.

Recently, the provincial test of civil servants who have restarted in many places due to the delay in the epidemic, most of them are scheduled to start from July 9th to 10th. The reporter's inspection found that the supply of policy -based positions such as civil servants and institutions was not only reflected in the announcement of civil servants' recruitment in some provinces, but also explicitly stated in the annual stable employment measures and clarified the task.

For example, Jiangxi Province will develop no less than 40,000 policies this year, of which the proportion of recruitment positions for fresh graduates shall not be less than 40%; , Increased by 10%over last year; Henan Province's civil servants' recruitment plans to recruit no less than 7,500, public institutions recruit no less than 40,000, and state -owned enterprises recruit about 10,000. Experts said that strengthening the supply of policy positions and tilting the group of graduates for the first time are a policy guarantee for stabilizing the employment market.

Multi -party force, multi -prong

Candidates who have failed in the postgraduate entrance examination, exams, and "ashore" must eventually embark on the road of job hunting like most college graduates. Taking the postgraduate entrance examination as an example, about 1.1 million people planned to recruit 1.1 million people from 4.57 million this year, which means that more than 3 million candidates will be lost.

In addition to the aforementioned supply of policy -based positions, since this year, relevant departments have taken multiple measures to promote the employment of college graduates as a key task.

In terms of more specific measures, the Ministry of Education requires from March to August this year, members of the leadership team of colleges and universities in the country take the initiative to enter the enterprise to excavate job resources, and build a new undergraduate university and the secretary of the higher vocational colleges. No less than 100.

"The secretary and principals may know the real situation when they reach the front line. On the contrary, some urgent measures may not be pushed." Qu Yan commented. Mao Yufei suggested that considering the employment situation this year, this measure should be appropriately extended. However, Qu Yan also said that education is like a "seed". It may take 4 years or even longer today to obtain the needs of economic development and industrial changes. To do it, it is even more fundamental to do a good job of the top -level education. △ At present, the labor market has "labor shortage" and "difficult recruitment" coexistence.

In Qu Yan's view, "finding a job" is not difficult. The difficulty is to find a job that is comparable to expectations for salary, position, business nature, and industry. This contradiction is more obvious in college graduates.

She believes that the expected gap in graduates and structural unemployment are inherent. Universities have expanded the employment supply side for many years, but the adjustment to the labor market is not enough. "It's like the front and back of the coin. It is not matched and cannot meet market demand. "

Solving structural problems is not a day, especially this year has intertwined the impact of the epidemic. In other short -term measures, Qu Yan takes the teaching and training industry with obvious contraction last year. It is recommended that the market -oriented teaching and training institutions are guided to the public education system, such as custody and tutoring classes, which not only meet the reasonable needs, but also can also Interested graduates get employment opportunities under government supervision.

Mao Yufei suggested to continue to promote the implementation of the employment program for employment of 1 million -scale college graduates in 2019 for three years. This is a assistance plan that is mainly for university graduates who have not employed college and 16-year-old unemployed youth within two years. To stay, at this time, graduates who are interested in re -jobing have also had a job foundation. "Mao Yufei also said that employment is determined by supply and demand. Change or decreased changes.

At the end of last year, the academic circles discussed the favorable factors of the employment situation of college graduates this year from another perspective: In 1962, the net increase in my country's net increase was 14.36 million. Top. Lu Feng believes that this view has a certain sense, but he also pointed out that "the position he retired may be an enterprise executive or the warehouse. Can college graduates make up? This involves the problem of friction coefficient matching."

Lu Feng said that the current unemployment rate of youth is more than three times that of the unemployment rate of urban and towns, and the number of college graduates seeks the rate of people (referring to the ratio of the number of valid demand to the number of people within a statistical cycle) It is not only a matching factor, but also related to the current work creative capability in the background of macroeconomic pressure. "

Text | "China Report" reporter Chen Ke

- END -