Earthquake engineering founder: Academician Hu Yixian

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"Scientific Life · Centennial" academician style

For more than 60 years since the establishment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1499 academicians have been selected and hired. In 2022, there were 20 academicians of the century -old birthday, including Academician Yang Zhenning, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Academician Wu Mengchao, and Academician Wu Liangzheng of the National Supreme Science and Technology Award. The "Scientific Power" column will continue to publish the stories of these academicians to show their life style.

In the field of seismic engineering, Mr. Hu Yixian was like a ray of sunlight sprinkled on the earth, and he used his own strength to illuminate the scholars of the junior earthquake engineering.

(Introduction)

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Hu Yixian

(1922.10.14 ～)

Ancestral home, Wuchang, Hubei, born in Beijing

Establishing earthquake engineering in China

In China, the random vibration theory is first applied to seismic engineering

Carry out the study of urban earthquake prediction and disaster prevention and mitigation

He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1991

Academician Hu Yixian is a pioneer in the field of earthquake engineering in my country. In the field of seismic engineering, Hu Yixian has been rigorously governing school and in practice. Hu Yixian, who has been struggling at the front line of earthquake scientific research, uses action to influence generations of scholars. In his life, he continued to "open territory" in the field of seismic engineering to escort my country's earthquake prevention and reduction.

The way to study in the turbulent years

Hu Yixian was born in Beijing on October 14, 1922. His ancestral home was Wuchang, Hubei, and moved his home at an early age. He finally settled in Wuhan, Hubei. When he was young, he was smart and began to study hard in middle school. In 1940, he was admitted to Nanjing Central University to study first, and one year later he was selected to read civil engineering. In 1944, in order to receive a higher level of education, Hu Yixian crossed the Japanese blockade and moved from Nanjing from the occupied area to Chongqing in Chongqing. In 1946, he completed his university studies at the National Jiaotong University. After graduating from college, Hu Yixian came to Wuhan University as a teaching assistant at the Department of Civil Engineering.

Out of the desire for knowledge and was influenced by the concept of scientific saving the country at the same time, Hu Yixian had a strong desire to study abroad at the time. In 1947, he learned that anyone who took the test score of the National Government's students in 1946 could send abroad to study abroad at his own expense. After many efforts, Hu Yixian received funding support for studying abroad. In August 1948, Hu Yixian went to the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Michigan University in the United States, and successively obtained a master's and doctoral degree.

In 1952, Hu Yixian successfully graduated and wanted to return to China. Forced to be helpless, I can only study and work in the United States for a while, and I have to wait for the opportunity to return to China. While working in New York in the United States, Hu Yixian never forgot to return to China to participate in the construction of New China. He has taken the initiative to give up the work of a large -scale structural design team leader, and go to a large bridge design company to work at a low salary. The purpose of design and learning is to prepare for the construction of large bridges on the land of the motherland in the future.

In 1955, Hu Yixian and his family gave up the superior living conditions in the United States and returned to the arms of the motherland without hesitation. After returning to China, Hu Yixian came to the Civil Engineering Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (now the Institute of Engineering Mechanics of the China Earthquake Administration) in Harbin to engage in structural theoretical research. Although the weather in Harbin is cold and the scientific research environment is very difficult, Hu Yixian does not care about it, and his mind is on the scientific research cause. In the early 1960s, Hu Yixian began to work in the scientific research of seismic engineering and pioneered engineering seismics in my country. In addition, Mr. Hu Yixian also took the lead in studying the impact of venue conditions on earthquakes and earthquake damage, and widely used the main conclusion that the architectural structural earthquake design of China was widely used.

Pioneering my country's seismic engineering science

In Hu Yixian's opinion, the practice and practice of grids are the only way to obtain the truth.

In 1960, the institution of the Institute of Civil Architecture of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was adjusted. According to the arrangements in the institute, Hu Yixian's laboratory was transferred to earthquake engineering research. Research and scientific practice.

In the study and research work in the field of seismic engineering, Hu Yixian has always emphasized the importance of personal practice. During the scientific research, he will also go to the earthquake to investigate on the spot. Mr. Hu Yixian always adheres to the scientific style of practical and practical inspection theory, and dares to question and challenge the existing knowledge by practice.

Since the magnitude 6.1 earthquake in Heyuan, Guangdong in 1962, almost all destructive earthquakes in my country have left Hu Yixian's footprints at the scene. Whether in cities or remote rural areas, he does not let go of every earthquake that is worth studying. He often conducts investigations, surveys and mapping at a point until the reason or realizes the reason. The rich field inspection experience has made Mr. Hu Yixian gain a lot of valuable experiences and methods. Driven by the pioneers of scholars such as Hu Yixian, seismic engineering has also been further developed.

In January 1970, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurred in Tonghai, Yunnan. Prior to this, surveys of the earthquake site generally adopted the Chinese earthquake intensity table. Hu Yixian inspected on -site inspections and negotiated with other experts and found that only relying on the indicator of earthquake intensity to evaluate the damage of the earthquake scene, it can only reflect part of the content and cannot reflect the damage of the disaster in detail. Hu Yixian turned over the mountains and rolled up the mountains, camping, and traveled through the villages villages villages and surrounding towns, factories and residents around the village village in the earthquake area. In the early years of the earthquake site, the work and living conditions were very difficult. Most of the investigations were done by walking, sweating on a sunny day, and a mud in rainy days was commonplace, and thrilling accidents also occurred from time to time. When working at the Tonghai Earthquake scene, once he took the car from the Shiping falling water hole, he encountered heavy rain when he returned from the stone pellet. The road was washed down. Canyon. At that time, in order to reduce the burden of the people in the disaster area, Hu Yixian and colleagues went up the mountain to cut firewood and cooking, creating conditions for long -term adherence to on -site work. At that time, the impact of the site conditions on the building structure used earthquake intensity. Hu Yixian considered: First, the weak venue can easily lead to the failure of the foundation; second, the weak venue may change the earthquake characteristics. Simply improving intensity does not reflect the impact of venue conditions well. As a result, Hu Yixian proposed that in the seismic design, different reactions should be used. This has important guiding role and application value for the revision of intensity standards, intensity zoning, and seismic specifications. The impact of venue conditions on the reaction spectrum in the earthquake anti -seismic specifications. This work has been more than ten years earlier than the United States and Japan.

Hu Yixian also participated in the writing map of the Chinese earthquake zone to combine my country's certain earthquake forecast method with the international universal earthquake risk analysis probability method, and considers a variety of uncertainty. Adopted.

During the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, Hu Yixian appeared at the Wenchuan earthquake at the age of 86 at the age of 86. This is Mr. Hu Yixian's persistence and belief in work.

Teaching achievements are fruitful

There are many achievements in Hu Yixian's life. He is one of the founders of my country's earthquake engineering.

In seismic engineering, Hu Yixian emphasized that the engineering earthquake should be combined with structural earthquake resistance. It is believed that only seismologists, earthquake geologists and engineering seismicists and engineers are combined to understand each other. develop. To this end, he was the first to work in this practice. Since 1984, he has also been a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics and Engineering Mechanics of the State Earthquake Administration. Under the influence of his advocacy and demonstration research work, he has strengthened the engineering earthquake workers and structural earthquake workers. Communication and deepening the connection between the two disciplines.

After the joint efforts of his colleagues with the National Institute of Physics, the Institute of Geology, and the Institute of Engineering, he was approved by the National Earthquake Administration in June 1993 and established the National Earthquake Administration Earthquake Research Center. He also carried out research on the susceptibility of earthquake damage and earthquake resistance of urban systems, emphasizing the use of system engineering principles to consider the interaction between various factors, and based on the scientific estimation of direct and indirect losses in the earthquake in the earthquake. Restore proposal countermeasures, all of which are at the forefront of similar work internationally.

Hu Yixian has long worked on the front line of earthquake science research in my country.

Hu Yixian participated in and guided the research of earthquake problems in many key construction projects with great enthusiasm and supporting national construction. He is concerned about domestic and international academic activities. As a Chinese representative of the World Earthquake Engineering Association, since 1976, he has visited the United States, Japan, Canada, Western Europe and other places many times. Research topics such as sexual earthquake risk estimation and seismic performance of life line system played an important role in international academic exchanges.

Over the years, Hu Yixian has devoted himself to academic academics, published and published more than 100 articles, and has hosted the scientific research projects that has won the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. Hu Yixian is recognized as a master in the field of the field of earthquake engineering in China. In terms of research on earthquake prediction and earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation, Hu Yixian puts forward a unified analysis method through uncertain analysis such as random, blur and models. Emphasizing the application of indirect economic losses and geographic information systems (GIS) is not only a demonstration research of the China Earthquake Administration, but also the forefront of similar work in international work.

Hu Yixian believes: "It is enough to work hard. This is the most valuable attitude towards life." Mr. Hu Xianxian said so and did this. In the field of seismic engineering, Mr. Hu Yixian was like a ray of sunlight sprinkled on the earth, and he used his own strength to illuminate the scholars of the junior earthquake engineering. ("Well -off" · China Well -off reporter Li Huijun comprehensively organized)

("Well -off" · China Well -off Exclusive Draft)

This article was published in "Well -off" in early September 2022

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