Yuan Limei: The theoretical position and criticism of knowledge translation studies

1. The theoretical position of knowledge translation

In 2021, the knowledge translation of knowledge shows that the Chinese academic community explains the attempts and efforts of human translation behavior from a brand new perspective. What is knowledge translation? To understand this concept and grasp this new perspective, we must first discuss the core elements "knowledge". "Knowledge is the correct understanding and reflection of the development of the world, society, and human beings, and it is a faith that can be confirmed." In the same question of "translation is culture or knowledge?" At the same time, Yang Feng (2021B : 2) The description above is given. Subsequently, in the article "Translation Definition and Classification of Knowledge Translation", he also made a clearer definition of "knowledge" in knowledge translation: "Knowledge translation studies adhering to the objective theory of objective sense, advocating that knowledge is human beings The knowledge and experience of the world obtained in the practice of life, constituted the consciousness, symbolization and structured information tools of life accumulation "(Yang Feng 2022A: 1). The knowledge of "what is knowledge" has long been at the core of philosophical research. Plato was first proposed in the Socrates' mouth in the "Tyedad" that knowledge is "Justify Tries", that is, knowledge must be met at the same time: s knows P and only When (1) P is true; (2) S believes P; (3) S has full reasons to believe P. Plato's views have far -reaching impacts, but they are constantly being questioned and amended from philosophers. In the early 1960s, an American philosopher E. Gettier proposed the "Gechoa", breaking the knowledge of knowledge. Since then, different theoretical views such as "causal knowledge theory", "theory of virtual conditions", "theory of German knowledge", "social knowledge theory" have risen one after another, competing to explain the issue of "what knowledge is", showing the diverse path of contemporary knowledge interpretation.

It is not difficult to see that so far, the "knowledge" in knowledge translation does not involve the complex dimension of contemporary knowledge theory. Taking the knowledge of power (M. Foucault) The view of power as an example, knowledge is no longer an absolute existence of truth, but is considered a product of power relationship in real life. Truth and objectivity to the legitimacy of knowledge discourse. "Knowledge issues are not only a purely understanding activity of human beings, but also not only to achieve the truth of understanding objective objects, but on the one hand being controlled by the rulers who have controlled power in the past, on the other hand The identity, rights and behavioral service of its social members "(He Cuixiang 2008: 174175). Knowledge translation is quoting the concept of "knowledge" to observe translation behavior, and it is impossible to ignore the complexity and relative nature of knowledge. However, as the Lan Red Army (2022: 37) said, the knowledge translation of "upholds the point of knowledge of knowledge, and the knowledge discussed involves all material and spiritual cultural products." Li Ruilin (2022: 52) When explaining the five basic propositions of "translation is cross -language knowledge processing, reconstruction, and re -disseminating cultural behavior and social practice" Knowledge is also related to rational knowledge, or it has both "(Yang Feng 2021A: 2), but did not do more in -depth analysis of the generation, acquisition, existence, characteristic appearance of knowledge or rationality at the level of experience or rationality.

Knowledge translation is quite meaningful for the connotation of contemporary knowledge. This article believes that there are mainly the following reasons: first, although the term "knowledge" is the keyword in the theory of knowledge translation, the latter's real core and and The focus is always "translation learning" or "translation research". At present, the interdisciplinary research trends of translation research are in full swing. Translation science and sociology, ethics, economics, geography, ecology, literature, aesthetics and other disciplines are widely intersected, forming a large number of different names "XX translation science" or "translation translation XX Study ". Among them, XX represents the introduction of other discipline perspectives and helps expand a comprehensive understanding of translation behavior. However, "we introduce other disciplines into translations, to develop ourselves with their strength, rather than letting other disciplines cultivate the translated fields to harvest their own fruits ... let alone translate into the vassal of other disciplines" (Fu Jingmin, Yu Xudong 2021: 134). From this point of view, the knowledge of knowledge translation should not be trapped in the contemporary knowledge theory of the contemporary knowledge theory of knowledge definition, source, and functions. significance.

Secondly, knowledge translations adopt a general traditional description of the concept of "knowledge". In addition to different perspectives of contemporary knowledge, it reflects the unique perspective and attitude of knowledge translation to treat "knowledge". The concept of contextualism believes that the standards involved in the activity and the vision of the knowledge, the choice, and judgments are profoundly affected by the context, and the judgment of knowledge is closely related to the context. What is knowledge and how to gain the knowledge All change with the changes in the relevant context; the theory of virtue knowledge borrows the "rational morality" in ethics, regards the creation of knowledge as the product of "rational morality", and emphasizes the responsibilities and specifications of cognition ( Wang Rongjiang 2004). Compared with the explanation of the multi -symbiosis in contemporary language context, the knowledge concept of knowledge translation seems to have a distinctive optimism, which focuses on the truth and trustworthiness of knowledge, shows the concept of "knowledge" of knowledge translation. The unique perspective of interpretation reflects the affirmation and emphasis on the positive value of human translation behavior. As a scholar pointed out when analyzing the relationship between knowledge and translation in knowledge translation, as the first judgment of knowledge translation, "translation is knowledge" is not the "logical logic definition, but to watch the philosophy of translation Orientation "defines the essence of the translation as knowledge behavior, and at the same time, with the help of this perspective, it triggers" thinking about the relationship between translation and human ideology "(Lan Red Army 2021: 3536). In other words, what is prominent here is the status and role of translation activities in the process of human knowledge around the world around the world. The translation behavior is not only hidden in different forms of different forms of knowledge production, knowledge migration, knowledge communication and knowledge reconstruction In knowledge and behavior, at the same time, its own role based on the actual play can also be equivalent to any of the above -mentioned knowledge acts. Qin Jianghua (2022: 62) once used the technology translation activities of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties as an example to explain that through translation, new knowledge can be introduced, impacting existing knowledge systems, "which causes a discourse reconstruction." Essence Among them, translation is both knowledge production and reconstruction of knowledge. And the founder of knowledge translation, Yang Feng (2021A: 2), also proposed more than once, "No discipline does not accumulate knowledge in the method of translation, and no discipline is not in the form of translation. A discipline does not have the history of knowledge translation, and all disciplines must pay tribute to translation. "It shows the significance of translation behavior to promote and promote the development of disciplines.

Again, knowledge translation emphasizes the function and role of translation behavior based on the knowledge value significance. It is the inspection of translation behavior from the value dimension. It is the concentrated manifestation of the current translation research trend. Human understanding of the object of translation has gone through a long process. The translation activities of different periods show different appearances and characteristics. In -depth thinking and exploration in different sides of the translation activity, we "understand the essence of the translation is increasing, more and more comprehensive, and deeper" (same as above). St. Augustine once believes that "translation is a 'teaching' (Decere) activity. If the reader's response to the translation is different from the author's requirements, it cannot play the role of the" education "reader. Translation (Tan Zaixi 2004: 29). C. Batteux proposed that "translation is a process of expressing things, thoughts, words and styles in one language; in this process, translators must not make any increase or decrease to the original text to increase or decrease any increase or decrease , Do not change the meaning of the original "(Same as above: 100). After World War II, the theoretical thinking of translation behavior became more and more diverse. J. Levy claims that "translation is a choice process ... In this process, the translator encounters a series of continuous occurrences and must make a choice in a series of choices" (same as above: 202). J. Derrida pointed out that "translation is like a 'child', it is not just a 'product' that follows the" copying 'rule', it also has a new different way 'right to speak independently' ... ... "(Turn from Genzler 2022: 191).

At present, the importance of translation history research is increasingly prominent. The academic circles, especially the translation community's attention to the historical role of translation activities, is gradually breaking through the perspective of literary and social life, and expanding or deepening the translation has a huge impact on the formation, development, and evolution of different disciplines since modern times. "Shanghai Translation" has published "Chinese religion" really spread since 2020? —————— the key issues in the translation and research (Zhao Cuicui 2020) and "The Creation of the Mathematics Translation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Creation of the Chinese Mathematics Discipline" (Zhang Bisheng 2021), and the third new translation in 2021, the third issue of 2021 In the context of the modern knowledge of Chinese knowledge, inspect the impact and role of the discipline development in the background of specific disciplines. On the one hand, the emergence of this research hotspot benefited from scholars such as Fang Mengzhi and other scholars' development of the connotation of the translation research. The translation of science and technology text has been an important part of translation research for a long time. On this basis, Fang Mengzhi and Fu Jingmin (2018: 7273, 70) proposed the study of the history of revitalizing science and technology translation, which especially emphasized "localization of disciplines. Development into the background "," the role and influence of foreign discipline systems on the shaping of local knowledge ", the scientific and technological translation activities inspected not only cover" natural science "and" application technology ", but also involve" social science ". On the other hand, the development of translation disciplines and the enhancement of interdisciplinary research trends has also promoted the further integration of translation research with other disciplines in research topics such as knowledge accumulation, dissemination, and transformation. Qu Wensheng (2021: 162) In the article "'New Translation History' -Talking about the relationship between translation and history", the interdisciplinary and even super discipline studies that turn to the history of cultural exchanges as the "new translation history he advocated The primary characteristic of research is that "translation history research should be widely penetrated into literature, history, philosophy (including religious teaching), law (including diplomacy), economics, education, military science, management, art, science, science, science , Engineering, Agricultural and Medicine and other disciplines ... Only the study of translation history can only have the future and the way out "only by combining with multiple disciplines." Translation history. At the same time, we are now in a new stage of transmission of Chinese culture consciously and confidently, and we are committed to building a philosophical and social science system with "Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese style". The development of Chinese philosophy and social science not only inherits the precious spiritual wealth in excellent traditional culture, but also is profoundly influenced by Western ideological, cultural and scientific knowledge in modern times. The construction and spread of the discourse system with Chinese characteristics and social sciences are of great significance to enhance my country's soft power and enhance the discourse power of the international community. "The situation. The translation has had a profound impact during the formation of modern academic discourse in my country, and in the future, it will continue to play a pivotal role in the process of spreading the discourse system with Chinese characteristics. This new trend and the new change fully show the close internal connection between translation activities and knowledge spread. At the same time, it implies the reliance and emphasis on translation functions, so that the proposal of knowledge translation has significant era value and practical significance.

2. Critical perspective of knowledge translation

According to the concept of "MEME" (2020: 2453), human beings have produced eight major translations in different historical periods: translation is reconstruction; translation is replication; translation is competition; ; Translation is created ... translation is manipulation; translation is thinking. All of them reflect the care of the specific elements of translation behavior, such as "translation is created" to focus on the overall language function concept- "Language is considered creative, can shape the objective world and subjective experience. Language is Logos ... using language is the creative behavior that imitates divinity "(same as: 3233), emphasizing the real function and influence of the translation, the explanation of the translator's task, Wouniti (L. Venuti) The resistance translation strategy advocated and the interpretation of the interpretation of the deconstructionist translation of Derrita and others are derived from the cause; The translation theory and research method of the cause include the discussion of the psychological factors of the translator's selection, Gutt's translation association theory, voice -based thinking report, eye movement follow -up research Wait.

Knowledge translations propose that "translation is knowledge" will be based on the rich connotation of knowledge to break different theoretical perspectives of translation and research. The interconnection in the table is involved in each other. Knowledge and translation are the complex discourse practice of human beings. We can examine the conditional similarity of knowledge and translation from the perspective of influencing factors. It can also focus on the process and connect different types of knowledge content with the corresponding translation strategies, such as " Loyalty "" Equivalence ", the transmission of natural scientific knowledge under the guidance of the view of nature and the reconstruction of humanities and social science knowledge generated by creative interpretation. It can be seen that the knowledge translation of knowledge after the knowledge of knowledge has a broad theoretical space and application prospects. On the one hand, it continues to surpass its own traditional territory and become "a super -disciplinary field that regulates the asymmetry of human knowledge" (Li Ruilin 2022: 57); On the other hand, wide research objects such as translator literacy, translation criticism standards, translation cognitive processes, and translation history writing are taken. In addition, it is worth noting that the understanding of the translation itself is also a kind of knowledge. Knowledge translation studies inspect the translation concept generated in different regions in different periods, especially the interaction and integration of Chinese and foreign translation claims. At the same time, the domain is firmly grasping its core and foothold, which helps to consolidate the ontology of translation research, and avoid "only absolutely open interdisciplinary research, no relatively closed ontology research" (same as above: 48), so as to do it. The healthy development of theory brings harm. As mentioned above, the rich connotation of knowledge integrates translation research at different dimensions to a certain extent, but the research space of infinite expansion of knowledge itself also has the risk of blurring in theoretical focus. Judging from the current expositions of knowledge translation, no comprehensive attack has been selected, but first focused on building the translation function and its value dimension, especially attaches great importance to the great contribution of translation in the process of local knowledge germination. "Knowledge translation focuses on the production changes of local knowledge to worldwide knowledge, and put translation in the historical perspective and pattern of different knowledge communities. Scientifically analyzes different languages ​​to face the practice and experience of how to choose, processing, and transformation in different languages. The cultural background, social conditions and political environment of knowledge production and dissemination of language conversion, concept generation "(Yang Feng 2021A: 2). In this passage, the discussion clarifies the dialogue and conversion between the dialogue and conversion between local knowledge and worldwide knowledge with a relatively neutral attitude. The choice, processing, and transformation of other local sexual knowledge, the standards of natural translation and the specific connotation of world knowledge- "Selection", that is, what kind of knowledge to choose to translate, or in other words , Local knowledge must be global through translation activities. The local knowledge itself should have the value of being translated, and the judgment of this value is difficult to escape and translates to tear in different groups and purposes; "Reform "It is closely related to the translation of" loyal view "and related topics. What is the transformation? To what extent the transformation of the knowledge target comes from the original knowledge content, and to what extent to the re -construction of local experience? If the transformation in this translation process is similar to other knowledge and behaviors and is affected and restricted by specific social historical and cultural factors, how can the knowledge generated by transformation has a wide range of worldwide significance? Whether it is still a kind of local knowledge, and then touch the "worldwide" judgment condition, whether to focus on the scope of knowledge spread, the degree of knowledge mixed, or the group recognition of the regional group obtained by knowledge, or the universal universal sense of general sense World value?

Focusing on the above problems, the knowledge translation has made further explanations. "Any knowledge is essentially a local knowledge generated by human experience, experiments and practical activities. The universality of the so -called knowledge is just the worldwide understanding, transmission, use, and defense of knowledge, so it determines the construction function of knowledge, evaluation, change, interpretation, etc. "(Yang Feng 2021B: 2). "Local knowledge presents the global characteristics of knowledge variability through translation process and behavior, the world characteristics of the knowledge of knowledge, connection, and interoperability, that is, the local knowledge of locality is the fundamental knowledge of locality. Subject defense and understanding, competition and use, communication, and influence, which essentially marks the world recognition, attitude, ability, level factors such as local knowledge "(same as above). It can be seen that the significance of worldwide knowledge is more focused on the interaction between dialogue and games between local knowledge caused by translation behavior. Borrowing the knowledge map of K. Popper "P1 → TT → Ee → P2" by philosopher K. Popper, that is, the acquisition of knowledge starts at a certain question (P1). Trying theory or assumptions (TTATIVE Theory), and then experienced the process of eliminating the error (EE, Elimination). After strict inspection and criticism, a new problem (P2) was arisen, which was reciprocated. The key point "is not whether a theory can be verified its authenticity, but whether it can be falsified in principle. Because there is no so -called authenticity verification is the ultimate" (Chestman 2020: 18) Essence From the perspective of knowledge translation, the knowledge content presented in text information or other carriers has experienced deformation, reorganization, and interpretation in the translation process. Knowledge production behavior helps to enrich and expand the cognitive dimension of humans for specific objects, which is the infinite approach of knowledge to truth. The reason is "... our knowledge is always incomplete and flawed, and any kind of knowledge has the particularity of absolute truth. Any group of knowledge cannot be comprehensive. One -sidedness, we must promote the circulation and complementarity of knowledge as much as possible ... and translation is the fundamental force to realize the flow of knowledge. Without translation, there is no cross -language, cross -domain, cross -ethnic, cross -category of knowledge "(Lan Red Army 2022: 38). Standing from the macro standpoint of all human beings to look at the knowledge translation activities, its overall significance is self -evident; however, the differences between different groups between different groups of human society and the conflict of interests are objectively existing. It has a certain relative. Xu Jun (2009: 200) has reminded the researchers to pay attention to the negative function of translation activities: "People look forward to translation as a target language and culture to introduce fresh blood, bring new ideas, promote or enrich the linguistics of the purpose, but in history, but in history However, there is often an excessive 'naturalization' translation trend. As a result, the "hemolytic" of the purpose language and culture of the purpose of the purpose and language and culture from time to time; people are looking forward to translating the conditions for dialogue of different cultures, but they are not painfully discovered in disadvantaged culture and strong strength. In the dialogue of culture, the translation sometimes acts as the role of a strong cultural invasion of the disadvantaged culture, and has become a tool of colonial. "In order to answer the above questions, the knowledge translation has proposed" seeking truth from truth "," to be good "," to be good "," with goodness "," with goodness "," with goodness "," with goodness "," with goodness "," to be good "," with goodness "," with goodness "," to be good "," to be good "," to be good "," to be good "," to be good "," with goodness "," to be good "," to be good "," to be good ", The three major translation and production principles of the United States, emphasizing the "scientific practice of knowledge and the logic, ethical, mortine, equality, aesthetic nature of the state" of social construction "should be the standard for restricting translation behavior (Yang Feng 2021B: 2) , Show a distinctive translation criticism and ethical attitude.

"True" means the "fame" (Li Ruilin 2022: 55), which is transformed across language knowledge at the level of knowledge and facts. The border issues of knowledge regeneration and reconstruction in knowledge translation activities are regulated and restricted. From the perspective of knowledge translation, since the translation is "different knowledge carried by different languages" (Yang Feng 2021B: 2) dialogue and exchange, the characteristics of the two parties cannot be wiped out during the dialogue (translation) process. "The pursuit retains heterogeneous factors, so as to ensure that different local knowledge communicates in the real sense. "(Same as above). "Good" focuses on the "rationality and legitimacy" of different subject knowledge transfer behaviors (Li Ruilin 2022: 56). On the one hand, it echo the principle of purpose in the translation activities, and on the other hand Ethical defects -the translation of different translations is different. The cross -language communication of knowledge must face the inconsistency between the subject's demands, and even the conflict. You can't ignore the position of the other party, so it is essentially a communication relationship of an equal dialogue. This care of "good" requires us to re -stand in the macro standpoint of all human beings, understand and respect the differences between different subjects, treat them equality, negotiate and adjust their respective translation purposes, and take the same needs for each need to achieve the "maintenance culture Diversity, reducing the asymmetry of knowledge ... Build a beautiful world of civilization and mutual learning and harmonious coexistence "(same as above: 55) the ultimate value of translation. "Beauty" emphasizes the knowledge transferred in the translation activity "the inspiration of the ideological and living constructiveness of the target society" (same as above) is the affirmation and pursuit of the positive function of the knowledge translation. Critical criteria. "Writing with the United States" closely linked "knowledge with truth" with "standing with goodness". The regional characteristics obtained by human practice and experience determine the locality of knowledge. As mentioned above, "seeking knowledge" is knowledge. The premise and foundation of the translation behavior, although there is no knowledge object that completely loses self -characteristics under normal circumstances, how much the characteristics of the knowledge content in the translation activity directly affect the global significance of local knowledge generation The size, and this global significance is first based on the positive impact of different local knowledge on the development of the target language social development, that is, the knowledge content that originally produced in the context of a specific social history is based on translation activities. Human practice activities in the context have brought inspiration, thereby expanding the boundaries of human knowledge as a whole. "True" is the identification of the self -identity of local knowledge. Without "true", there is no "beauty". The "text with the United States" focuses on the positive function of local knowledge communication for the target society, which is directly derived from the affirmation of the positive value of the translation activities of knowledge translation. Emphasizing that "target society" effectively avoids the perspective of the source society. Cultural colonial tendency. The purpose of focusing on translation activities with "goodness and righteousness" and translation of translations in the translation process are designed to regulate the translation purpose and translation process to a certain extent; On the premise of mutual respect for the motivation of their respective translations, the knowledge translation behavior generated will naturally benefit the two sides, even if the actual impact is not completely consistent with the initial translation purpose. This inconsistent situation just shows the potential content of potentially noticed in local knowledge, and the unprecedented value of the general value, as well as the unlimited possibility of local knowledge in the world's public wealth.

3. Conclusion

Knowledge translation is "an important part of the theoretical system of Chinese characteristics" (Wei Siyu 2022), which was born in a specific social historical and cultural context. This theoretical discourse focuses on the long history of China, especially the modern hundred hundred hundred hundreds of hundreds. The surplus of knowledge translation in various fields of science and humanities and social sciences plays a huge role in promoting Chinese social progress; on the other hand, it also actively responds to the needs of the times, effectively in line with the current Chinese culture's relying on translation functions and emphasizing the emphasis on translation functions. , Show the theoretical position that fully affirms the positive value of translation activities. At the same time, with the help of the discussion of the relationship between translation and knowledge, knowledge translation successfully broke the hidden boundary between different theoretical views in the translation research, and took many research elements involved in one theme. Below, and across regional restrictions, look at the whole of human beings, and from a magnificent theoretical perspective, start from Chinese experience and take care of the overall development and progress of human society. Knowledge translation science proposes the standard of translation criticism of "truth", "good", "beauty", and based on the inspection of traditional criticism activities such as "loyalty", "equivalent" and "literary", breaks through the translation/translation of past translation criticism/translation The unilateral attention of the language and society, the pursuit of knowledge translation activities as a kind of translation/translation of equality and mutual benefit of both parties that should be possessed by international exchanges, which greatly expands the connotation of the essential characteristics of the translation behavior of interaction. The proposal of this new translation criteria will further promote the development of translation and criticism towards a more macro, dynamic and overall direction. The knowledge of knowledge translation and theory is wide, and many of them involved, such as the definition and description of knowledge, positive/reverse functions of knowledge communication behavior, etc., must also be interpreted in the macro context of human society. The unprecedented cultural and theoretical character of the emerging theoretical discourse. Source: Contemporary Foreign Language Research

Author: Yuan Limei

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