With so many freshmen, you can't answer the basic concept of professionalism!How to do?

Text ｜ "China Science News" reporter Han Yangmei

In order to strengthen the quality of postgraduate training, since 2016, Yan Quanren, a professor at the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, will produce a "test paper" in the first class of the first grade of the first grade of the graduate school. Master 15 to 20 basic concepts. He found that there were no more than 5%of students who could answer 1 to 2 basic concepts more accurately. Most students' response to these basic concepts was "unknown".

"The foundation is not solid, so why talk about future innovation?" This worry has always troubled him.

In fact, this is not a case. In an interview with the China Science Journal, many graduate tutors have this worry, and the current status of unstoppable foundation exists in many disciplines.

"Know what it is to explore why"

Qian Xuesen, a well -known scientist, once said, "The study of colleges and universities is a period of basic courses, and basic courses should be emphasized."

Throughout the history of science, almost all scientists who have achieved significant achievements pay attention to the "foundation". With a solid foundation, we can really stand on the shoulders of the giant. In the current higher education practice, such cognition needs to be greatly strengthened.

Shortly after the outbreak of the new coronary pneumonia, Chen Guoqiang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, wrote on the media, "It is also necessary to think about pain, and we must reflect on medical education under the epidemic."

He bluntly stated that medical education has paid more and more attention to the so -called "high -precision", and more and more attaches importance to the publishing of "Chinese but not true". The textbooks are getting thicker and thicker, but the learning and training of basic knowledge, basic skills, and basic theory are getting more and more Dull. What's more, medical schools generally lack infectious disease protection education, and there are no medical exercises during war, and even serious films such as "Infectious Diseases" and "Blood Epidemic" are difficult to enter the field of medical education. You can only hold the Buddha's feet temporarily, and learn the protection skills on the spot, which increases the risk of infection.

In an interview with the Journal of China, Huixinping, deputy dean of the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Lanzhou University, also mentioned that during the training of graduate students, he found that many students did have the problems of unquestionable professional basic theories and lack of practical skills. When communicating with students, he can also clearly feel that some students have not understood and mastered some basic theories, such as organic chemical response mechanism.

"The experimental skills assessment of a master's degree also shows that some students do not even master basic experimental operations, and do not even understand some basic instruments." Hui Xinping said.

In the past, the basic education stage had a method: basic knowledge and basic skills, referred to as "dual -base".

From the perspective of experts and tutors, the concept of "dual base" can also be used to learn from higher education. Qin Chunhua, Dean of the Peking University Examination Research Institute, who has been paying attention to education issues for a long time, told the Journal of Science in China that the basics of the higher education stage include at least the following content: basic theory and basic concepts, methodology and research paradigms, classics and important characters. The framework of the discipline, as well as academic writing.

"Inheritance is the foundation of innovation. Only by mastering the basic conceptual principles solidly can we lay the foundation for innovation." In Yan Quanren's view, the basic concepts are unclear, the basic knowledge is not solid, and innovation is like a "air tower". It may also lead to researchers. Understand the mistakes of concepts as scientific issues and pseudo -innovation.

The basic manifestation of a good foundation is not just to simply recite the definition of concepts, but more importantly, it can clearly understand its source, internal logic, known and unknown. If a researcher can do this, it means that it basically has the logic and ability of thinking and solving problems.

"In other words, only if you know what it is, you can explore why." Yan Quanren said.

"Except for professionalism, everything else is pretty good"

"This reflects the problems of impetuousness and quick success in education." Rebelling the cause, Fan Xiuzheng, director of the Tongji University Education Evaluation Research Center, told the China Science News.

Fan Xiudi pointed out that since the development of human society, almost each discipline has formed a complete system, basic principles, and rules. This part of the content is quite rich. Students need to be concentrated and high -quality, because this is the subsequent application of students' subsequent knowledge applications. The foundation of innovation is also the top priority of college undergraduate teaching.

"In fact, the strong foundation requires students to have better talent and accumulation of knowledge, but the most important thing is the investment of time and energy." Fan Xiuzheng regrets that the current students enter the school, waiting for them to wait for them to wait for them to wait for them to wait for them. Various test assessments and competitions with selection nature, students are lingering in various associations, projects, and papers for the purpose of evaluation. Seems busy, in fact, everyone knows that it is just for the results of "resume".

Yan Quan people also felt the same. Taking his major in geological related majors as an example, when graduate students enter an interview, students often have a thick award certificate, which seems to be excellent. However, looking at the transcript, its most basic curriculum scores such as general geology, constructing geology, minerals, and three major rock science are "sloppy".

The phenomenon of "other things is good" except for professionalism. "Many interviewers have helpless and headache.

Liu Yu (pseudonym), a doctoral student at a well -known research institute in Beijing, told the Journal of China that the teachers did exist. When doing research, he often found that he was difficult to advance because of the lack of basic skills. Classmates. "When I was in college, I put one side after listening to the class. I didn't understand it carefully. Now when I do not do experiments, I will read some original textbooks and make up the foundation." Qin Chunhua explained from the perspective of education changes: "The issue of education is very very very very very important Complex. Compared with decades ago, undergraduate education in my country has changed a lot. For example, from simple professional education to education to professional and general education. It is professional education, and it is still habitually requiring students in accordance with the standards of professional education. The academic path dependencies may be one of the reasons. "

He pointed out that different students' reading goals are different. Most students do not want to engage in research. They may only want to have a good job, and some students are even for a paper diploma and degree to improve their "gold content" in the job market. The goal of learning strictly requires yourself.

"When filling in the volunteer after the college entrance examination, most students do not understand or like the majors they choose, but are brought in by the college entrance examination score. After reading the undergraduate scalp. When you do n’t want to stay in the original major when you study graduate students, because the cost of converting majors is very high, you have to continue reading along the original major. "Qin Chunhua said Challenge, students have no enthusiasm and desire for related academic fields, and also seriously hinder their concentration of gaining knowledge and concentrating on the foundation.

In addition, there is a large difference between college courses and middle school courses. The university courses are mostly conceptual and theoretical content. From the middle of middle school, the teacher "instilling" knowledge every day, and the teacher's guidance seemed indispensable when he studied self -study.

"The growth of students is definitely inseparable from the guidance of teachers, but colleges and universities 'quantitative indicators evaluation systems for scientific research and light teaching have made many teachers' minds not in teaching." Fan Xiuxi said.

In Fan Xiudi's view, it is correct that colleges and universities, especially research universities emphasize that teachers have improved the quality of teaching by doing a good job of scientific research, but there are currently existence of teachers' self -care research work as the "concept of stealing the concept of sneaky -changing concepts for teaching and scientific research. "question.

"Teachers must be carried out around the goals and content of teaching on the purpose of teaching. Teachers have studied the cutting -edge knowledge, focus, or controversial issues in the subject field. Interesting, I believe this will greatly stimulate students to explore the mystery and enthusiasm of scientific problems and solve scientific problems. "Fan Xiuxun said.

At the same time, experts stated that they attach importance to teaching, and relying on the personal efforts of teachers to be unable to improve continuous improvement. Only by strengthening guidance and support in the incentives and evaluation mechanisms, the relevant departments can promote teachers to return to their original intentions and return to their original intentions.

"The learning process needs to be re -constructed by teachers and students"

Qin Chunhua told the Journal of China that the understanding of the foundation involves how we understand knowledge and learning. This process has higher requirements for college teachers.

He explained the theory of "formation sex": "Traditional teaching is the knowledge that teachers do not know the students. The students hear and know, and then remember and understand the process. Different -the current information resources and learning channels are rich. Teachers and students are equal in the face of knowledge, and even students have stronger ability to obtain resources. "Qin Chunhua believes that the learning process now needs to be re -constructed by teachers and students.

"Teachers should play a guiding role, not just the teaching of knowledge, but also the teaching of methods and abilities. By changing the students' thinking habits or learning behaviors, they improve their learning ability; Communication channels, forming the migration of knowledge, allow teachers and students to affect each other, so that students have a deeper understanding of the generation and application of knowledge. "Qin Chunhua said.

Teachers' "dual -base" teaching is closely related to knowledge organization.

Wen Wen, an associate professor at the Tsinghua University Education Research Institute, used the computer undergraduate majors of Tsinghua University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an example to compare the curriculum system of Sino -US research universities.

It was found that compared with MIT, Tsinghua University's principles/theoretical courses (66%) were twice the practical skills courses (34%), and emphasized the "basic theory, basic theory, basic theory and foundation required for high -level talents Knowledge and basic skills ".

There are also large differences in curriculum knowledge and organization structures of the two universities. Wen Wen said that the university curriculum knowledge organization structure is the basic prerequisite for students to conduct effective learning. Good courses should have a solid foundation in terms of knowledge selection and arrangement, and at the same time meet the level of students 'development, and solve the difficulty of students' cognitive learning through exquisite and simple design.

For example, the MIT course focuses on the connection with students' previous knowledge. During the interview, some students mentioned that "(Tsinghua) mathematical textbooks are dictionary, tell you what it is, and then do exercises to consolidate knowledge by yourself. MIT textbooks are exploratory, and they will tell these definitions. To the concept of abstract ".

In Wenwen's view, optimizing curriculum knowledge selection and organizational structure, coordinating the basic knowledge of the subject and the level of students' cognition, and designing curriculum learning support resources finely and accurately will be the future direction of undergraduate curriculum reform. Students are the main undertakers of learning tasks, and actively engaging in learning is the key. When Liu Yu summed up his experience, if he decided to study graduate students or engaged in scientific research at the beginning, the most important thing in college was practical and hardworking, and learned professional basic knowledge well. In the face of many temptations and choices, we must strengthen their own aspirations, "No matter which choice, the foundation is not bustable."

"It is an attitude to do the current things well."

In recent years, Yan Quanren and his colleagues thought many ways to "lay the foundation" for students.

In the class, they focus on the basic concepts and basic geological facts -where did you come from, how to come from, who proposed, which geological phenomenon was proposed, etc.; The small topic, in 5 ~ 8 minutes to explain, other students and discussions around this explanation, which not only strengthened the initiative of the students, but also strengthened the understanding of the "dual -base".

Not only that, there is also a "special" group at the Construction Geological Group of the School of Earth and Planet Sciences at the University of Sciences of China. This group will be held every two weeks, and all teachers and students engaged in geological research can participate freely. At this group meeting, each time from 2 to 3 people, the theme is a small question or a good article. Talking about the basic points of feelings, grasping inaccurate, and discussing each other. Essence As of now, this system has adhered to nearly 20 years.

"Geology is a discipline with strong observation. If you do n’t understand the basic geological phenomena and facts, you ca n’t grasp the basic conceptual principles, it’ s like standing at a high altitude to see the ground, it ’s unclear.” Yan Quanren told the China Science Journal For geology, the foundation of solidity helps to classify the phenomenon and facts of the new discovery, and enhance the understanding and grasp of existing knowledge. Even if the new phenomenon may not be classified in the known, the basic principles that are similar, cause or behind them can be found in the known, which can promote the understanding of the new phenomenon.

Huixinping also has a feeling. Students with solid basic skills entering scientific research topics are faster, and future development will be better.

"The basis of the undergraduate education stage is very important for a person's future development." Huixinping told the Journal of China that a total of eight academicians were trained by the Discipline of Lanzhou University. A solid foundation for undergraduate stage.

For decades, the discipline of Lanzhou University has adhered to the cultivation tradition of the "thick foundation". In the revision of undergraduate talent training programs, it has always ensured the time credits of the core courses and practical teaching links in order to allow the trained students to have solid professional basic knowledge and practical skills. In addition, in response to high -level training targets that are not closely related to professional theory and practice, and difficult to meet students to solve the needs of complex problems, they integrate experimental practice teaching resources, and build three levels of "basic skills training -scientific research innovation training -employment and entrepreneurial training". " Practical teaching platform.

In addition, through strengthening the integration of science and education, strengthening the cutting -edge knowledge of subjects in teaching, entering classrooms, teaching materials, and experiments through scientific research results, transforming scientific research needs into students 'scientific research training topics, and cultivating students' innovative thinking and innovative ability.

"The foundation is a long -term process, which can be solved by two or three years of teaching. For students, no matter what work in the future, it is an attitude to do the current things carefully." Yan Quanren said.

"China Science Journal" (2022-06-21 The 4th edition of the 4th edition of the highly-focused original title is "Dual", how to reconstruct the learning process ")

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