How to cultivate excellent teachers in comprehensive universities

On September 1st, at the first lesson of the Spring Port Experimental Primary School of Fujian Normal University, a fifth -grade teacher was giving students a wish to bless a new semester. Photo of Lin Hongzheng/Guangming Picture

【Ideology Exchange】

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To cultivate excellent talents, there must be excellent teachers, and more high -quality educational resources must be invested in the training of teachers. The Ministry of Education and other eight departments issued the "New Era Basic Education Strong Teachers Program" pointed out that "the construction of a normal college is the main body, the participation of high -level comprehensive universities, the teacher development agency as the link, and the high -quality primary and secondary schools as the open, collaborative, and linkage of the practical base. Modern Teacher Education System, which is a student of “encouraging high -level comprehensive universities to establish teachers' education colleges in the 2018" Teacher Education Revitalization Action Plan ", enroll students with solid knowledge, outstanding professional ability, and educational feelings. , Focus on the continuation and deepening of the Master of Education. So, how should comprehensive universities participate in teachers' education? What color and advantages do I have compared to teachers' colleges? How can these advantages and characteristics give full play to teachers' education?

Comprehensive university training excellent teachers has certain advantages

The purpose of the "New Era Basic Education Teacher Program" is to create a team of high -quality professional innovation in the new era. Among them, "high quality", "professionalism" and "innovative type" are the core keywords of teachers' education. Compared with teachers 'colleges, comprehensive universities have multidisciplinary, comprehensiveness, and research characteristics. Obviously, these characteristics can be transformed into the advantages of teachers' education in comprehensive universities, so that comprehensive universities have favorable conditions for education and training excellent teachers Essence

The "New Era Basic Education Teachers Program" pointed out that "the overall design of excellent teacher training programs, promoting the overall design of undergraduate and master's degree in graduate students, segmented assessment, and continuous training model reforms Master's level high school teacher training pilot ". In other words, the training of excellent teachers in the future is a training system for the universities. The multidisciplinary, comprehensiveness, and research characteristics of the General University can support its tasks that excellent teachers cultivate well. For example, in 2014, the only comprehensive university in the reform project of the Ministry of Education's "Excellent Middle School Teacher Training Plan", Henan University, designed in accordance with the "3+1+2" masterpieces in accordance with the "3+1+2" book. , Professional architecture and refinement of the training process, give full play to the advantages of teachers' education in comprehensive universities to explore the "one -piece four -type" excellent teacher training mode.

Cultivation of educational feelings with the spirit of scientists

Educational feelings are the moral emotional experience of teachers and students in the process of getting along with students, the desire of teachers for the growth of students, the wisdom of teachers and students, and a promise of teacher dedication to education.

In the process of pursuing high -level teaching and scientific research, comprehensive universities will gather a group of Huangda -year -style scientists. They use teaching and scientific research behaviors to interpret the spirit of scientists in the new era: the patriotic spirit of the motherland, serving the people, and climbing the peak peak , Dare to innovate the spirit of innovation, pursue the spirit of the truth and rigorous studies, be indifferent to fame and fortune, concentrate on the spirit of dedication, integrate the spirit of intellectual research, unity and collaboration, and the spirit of educating people in the ladder and rewards. The moral pursuit and role model demonstration of scientists can allow teachers to experience the charm of scientists' spirit, and then use it as a role model to cultivate education feelings.

For the normal universities, you can experience the spirit of scientists -type teachers up close. Listening to the teaching or lectures of scientists -type teachers, and in -depth research projects of scientists, have made the educational miracle that "one soul awaken another soul" more likely. Guo Shuhao, who was studying (geographical) in the Teacher Teaching (Geographic) of the Teacher Class of Excellent Middle School, explained this: "The first grade of my university listened to Mr. Fu Shenglei (restoring ecological scientists) and talked about studying abroad. He gave up abroad abroad. The excellent treatment, abandoning the businessmen who sold patents to earn money, resolutely devoted himself to scientific research and education, and glowing and heating the cause of ecological restoration in my country. His patriotic spirit and innovation spirit moved me. " Touching is a high -level emotional identity. In the recognition and movement, the spirit of patriotism, innovation, truthfulness, dedication, collaboration, and education will be relocated, inherited to cultivate the educational feelings of teachers.

Multi -disciplinary blending and expanding education vision

The most significant characteristic of the General University is the multidisciplinary. The advantages of the teacher's education of the general university can be blended with the multidisciplinary blend of the disciplines of teachers' education (or education) to realize the purpose of broadening the educational vision of teachers.

On the one hand, discipline and education blend, creating the knowledge of teaching disciplines. Schurman's discipline teaching knowledge is considered to be unique to teachers' education disciplines. For example, Zhou Bin, dean of the Teacher Education College of East China Normal University, said that in the process of teacher education higher education, he needs to rely on subject knowledge and educational scientific knowledge. , Generate a discipline teaching knowledge system with self -vitality. In order to achieve the goal of the training of excellent teachers, the General University should break through the stage barriers of undergraduate and master's degree. system. Such as: discipline professional curriculum (50%)+teacher education course (20%)+teaching practical course (20%)+public basic courses (10%), which both have the integration of education and disciplines and the combination of theoretical and practical. Specifically, students with a solid foundation for selection of disciplines in the third grade are recommended to enter the teacher class of excellent middle schools. At the graduate stage, the disciplinary teaching knowledge creates production and discipline teaching capabilities, and forms the coherence and support of each stage of courses to achieve the integration of disciplines and teaching and creating the teaching knowledge of disciplines. On the other hand, the blending of disciplines and disciplines contributes to cross -disciplinary vision. Excellent teachers need to have cross -disciplinary thinking and consciousness, but traditional teachers' education talent training middle school and college are independent of each other, and the discipline barriers are strict. The training of teachers of excellent middle school shall be managed by the School of Education of Teachers, and the subject of teachers' education (or education) disciplines, through the undergraduate and master's degree, covering the main disciplines of middle schools (such as Chinese, mathematics, English, ideological politics, history, geography, physics, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, chemistry, and chemistry of chemistry , Biological, etc.), in the development of training plans, student management, and student training, promote the integration of disciplines and disciplines through curriculum or activities, and promote students' vision of interdisciplinary. First, the development of the training plan should reflect the symbiosis of the discipline. The unified requirements of public basic courses, teachers' education courses, and teaching practice courses, and discipline majors retain the relatively independence of teaching directions in each discipline. Second, student management should be completely unified. Starting from the senior year, outstanding teachers' classes should be independently established, managed by the School of Education, and students with different disciplines and professional backgrounds in one class to improve their understanding and unified requirements. Finally, the theme activities and research tasks trained by students are carried out across disciplines. Carefully designing theme activities, highlighting the viewing of different discipline vision on the same education, the role of penetrating the discipline vision in theoretical learning and practical improvement, such as reading clubs with a multi -disciplinary confrontation every month; Multi -disciplines are at the same time as the current politics; the debate race with the theme of controversial hotspots is held on a regular basis.

Excellent achievements with innovative teaching and research

Traditional teachers' training of teachers is not completed through training through teachers' education academic activities, but more through imitation of outstanding teachers' teaching experience and teaching skills. This training model meets the large -scale demands of social education teachers in a certain period of time, but also leads to lack of innovation in the training teachers. The pursuit of knowledge innovation and academic training in comprehensive universities is more conducive to cultivating the research ability of teachers and achieved outstanding teachers in innovative teaching and research.

Think in practice. Abstract education knowledge is transformed into the ability of education in practice. It needs to rely on the teaching experience and educational perception of the teacher's personal personnel. In the process of the cultivation of excellent teachers, the General University should provide students with a full practice platform and opportunities, and trainees, internships, and studies run through the "1" and "2" of "1+2" ​​in "3+1+2". Students are required to think and regularly organize practical thinking to share and communicate. Academic mentors and industry mentors put forward suggestions on the practical thinking of students, including the depth of thinking, the theory that can be used for reference, and the possibility of further research. Constantly think, continuously expand the depth and breadth of thinking, and improve the ability to think.

Research on teaching. In the new era, the training of high -quality professional innovation -oriented elementary and middle school teachers is the training of teaching and research capabilities; it has the ability to teach and research, and has a high quality, professionalization, and innovation type to be continuously improved. First of all, research curriculum standards are the basis of teaching research. Comprehensive universities should give full play to the research advantages, and jointly form a team with academic mentors and industry mentors to lead students to study curriculum standards. Secondly, research teaching materials are an important part of teaching research. Textbooks are an important basis for teaching. The research of teaching materials is not only a study of specific content, but also the study of content arrangement systems and logical relationships. At the same time, it should also be grasped and studied for overall grades and academic segments. Finally, studying students is the central link of teaching research. Students are the final inspectors of teaching results. Teaching research must include research on the characteristics of students' cognitive characteristics, existing experience, and learning graphics, so as to ensure the high -quality implementation of teaching design. Students should be encouraged to conduct teaching research in combination with graduation thesis, including teaching case research and action research, etc. to form teaching research capabilities.

Improved in scientific research.Because of the traditions of academic research, almost all teachers are assumed in various levels of scientific research topics.Scientific research topics emphasize academicity, rigor, and innovation. Excellent class students participate in the relevant scientific research topics of mentors, allow students to contact the frontiers of the discipline more, better train their academic ability, and form a rigorous scientific attitude.Once this attitude and ability are formed, they have migration, more beneficial to the development of innovative teaching and research, and achieve excellent teachers.(Author: Wang Ping, a professor at the School of Education, Henan University)

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