How is it simple to change the name of the Ministry of Power Science!

Text ｜ "China Science News" reporter Wen Cai Fei

Recently, many universities in China have been building the Ministry of Power Scholarship.

On June 15, Shandong University of Finance and Economics established the Ministry of Public Management and Law. On June 13, the Education Department of Shanxi Normal University was held. In May, Shandong Normal University established the Marxist Department.

Last year, colleges and universities such as Taiyuan University of Technology and Ocean University of China also carried out local or global reorganization in the Ministry of Student System ...

For Chinese universities, the departmental system is not unfamiliar. In 1999, Peking University became the first university in China to carry out the reform of the Ministry of Studies. After that, high -level universities such as Wuhan University, Beijing Normal University, and Chongqing University successively tried the reform of the Ministry of Water.

Today, why are more and more universities established? What is the role of the Ministry of Studies on the development of colleges and universities?

Why is the Ministry of Martial Arts System

"With the college, why do you have to study the department?" This is probably the most questioned question by the teachers in colleges and universities that have been reforming the department.

To trace the reasons, we must start with the evolution of the management of colleges and universities in my country. After the adjustment of the department of my country in 1952, the academic system of the Republic of China was canceled, and the two -level management of the "school -department" became the mainstream of colleges and universities.

After the reform and opening up, colleges and universities gradually formed a three -level management of "school -college -department". The initial number of colleges was small, similar to today's school, and most of the colleges were single disciplines.

At the beginning of this century, the college was divided again, and the departments that became bigger and stronger set up the college independently. Many comprehensive colleges and universities appeared at the same time in the simultaneous existence of colleges and colleges, which also brought about low management efficiency, high costs, disciplines, disciplines, and disciplines. The contradictions such as severe barriers are increasingly prominent with the development of colleges and universities.

"A simple thing, the dean has to go to several departments, but no one or the institution is responsible for the status of the college." This is the feeling of the then president of Chongqing University Lin Jianhua in an interview with the media. Essence

In 1999, Peking University took the lead in conducting the reform of the Ministry of Studies in China and established four academic committees of the Ministry of Studies. In 2000, after Peking University and the former Beijing Medical University merged and established a new Peking University, the former Beijing Medical University became the Ministry of Medicine of Peking University.

"The cake has changed from 'subdivision' to 'rough division. The management of schools is easier and efficient. This is the school." Hong Chengwen, a professor at the Education Department of Beijing Normal University.

Since 2006, both the original "985 Project" college and the original "211 Project" university, as well as provincial key universities (such as Chongqing University of Technology and Commerce) and local universities (such as Hebei University, Dalian University, etc.) to join the Ministry of Studies Reform In the ranks of the ranks of parts or whole school. "These schools have a large scale, the subjects are complete, and most of them have experienced school experience." Said Wang Weiyi, deputy dean of the School of Education of Fujian Normal University.

Today, what is the construction of the academic system of domestic universities?

In 2021, my country set up a "cross -disciplinary" category, which became the 14th subject category. "The basic logic of the development of the Ministry of Development in my country has not changed. The cross -disciplinary discipline may be one of the causes of the reform of the new round of the system of the Ministry of Studies." In the interview, some interviewees expressed this view.

"The reform of the Ministry of Studies is a trend of the development of colleges and universities. With the advancement of the" double first -class "construction, for universities that are not strong in local colleges, especially the strength of the college itself, the reform of the Ministry of Studies is very Help. "Zhang Yi (a pseudonym) of a" double first -class "college school system was said.

Compared with the initial implementation of the Ministry of Student System, the old professors in the school were questioned as "blind tossing" and "increase management level". Hong Chengwen pointed out that now he is unwilling to join the school department, or there are no conditions or partners, but instead, instead Facing risks such as weakening the right to speak in school. Therefore, since the implementation of the Ministry of Student's system, it seems that it has not encountered much resistance.

Is the college system?

Pursuing the flatness of management is one of the progress of the academic system.

This is the study system of the Ministry of Faculty in the Middle Ages of Europe and Latin, and later prevailed in universities in the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and other countries. Since the development of modern universities, the department system has formed different models with the development of modern universities. For example, Germany is the department system, that is, the university -department -lecture system (later changed to department); Tie.

In addition to streamlined institutions, these universities adopt the academic department all regard the cross -profile governance of school and discipline as the essence of reform.

Zhang Yi said that colleges and universities involved two management models. One is that the administrative department's implementation of the implementation of the department by the administrative department and the formulation of rules and regulations does not involve academic affairs; the other is to focus on colleges with common values. The development in order to make up for the lack of vertical management and increase the academic right to speak. For the latter management model, the department system is a good carrier, which aims to reduce administrative tendencies.

After more than 20 years of development, the Department of Studies has gradually formed three models: entity, deficiency, and reality in my country. The difference between the academic circles is that the difference between the real and false is that there is no administrative power or political power.

Wang Weiyi pointed out that the Department of Physical Studies not only have academic power of academic academia, but also have the original academic power, administrative power (college management), and political power (party affairs group), such as Beijing Normal University Education Department. The Ministry of Fiction Science only has academic powers of cross -school colleges, such as Jiangsu Normal University. The combination of the virtual and real department is between the two, such as Dalian University of Science and Technology. He further pointed out that the three types of studies have their own advantages and disadvantages.

The management of the management of the Department of Entity has shifted down, and the responsibilities of the Minister of Studies have also expanded. However, the department and the college are prone to poor coordination in power, responsibilities, and obligations. For example, the Minister of Student and the Dean as a cadre at the same level, then many jobs are not easy to carry out when coordinating resources.

As a first -class invisible academic organization, the Department of Fiction does not increase the pressure of administrative management, and there are no more administrative staff. However, the Ministry of Studies have weak overall overall overall coordination of the colleges or research institutions. Each department is similar to "platter", and the Ministry of Studies may not be able to integrate resources well.

The division of the union of reality and reality is relatively complicated. The power such as people and talent evaluation sometimes belongs to the Ministry of Studies and sometimes belongs to the college. "On the question of" whoever said ", it is prone to appear vacuum." Wang Weiyi said.

"It is appropriate to decide according to the actual situation, but to grasp the minimum principles." Zhang Yi told the Journal of Science of China that the college is actually studying the Ministry of Division, and the college's virtual education department is true. "Virtual". The former is equivalent to adding a management level, and the latter will cause the Ministry of Academic System to be unable to play a real effect.

Of course, the boundary between virtuality and reality is not absolute. For example, the reform of the academic system of Peking University was originally mainly played in personnel employment and evaluation. Around 2014, the Ministry of Studies gradually did it in terms of discipline construction, teaching cooperation, and cross -disciplinary cross -disciplinary. Its path from virtuality, but the overall deficiency. Zhang Yi's explanation said that it is also the reason why the funding and personnel allocating the dialing of funds and personnel.

In this regard, Hong Chengwen has different views. In his opinion, it is a strategy from the virtuality, but the end result is to do it in the direction of "real", otherwise the reform is prone to the problem of tiger and snake tail.

Student Minister: A role that cannot be ignored

In 2019, before Shenzhen University began to reform, Li Jun, the director of the institute of higher education in the university, investigated the construction of the 23 original "985 Engineering" universities in China.

"The core of the reform of the department's system is the reasonable re -distribution of the power of the school, the department, and the college. The unique role of modern universities governance. "Li Jun said.

In his opinion, the Ministry of Studies must become a "enhanced version of academic management hub". The school shall put the most substantial academic management rights such as the evaluation of professional titles, the introduction of talent introduction, and the right to academic project review.

However, on the one hand, some universities in reality require the academic department to integrate disciplines, and on the other hand, the power of power is not in place, resulting in insufficient autonomy.

At the same time, the college should move academic management rights such as discipline construction, teacher assessment and training to the Ministry of Academic Division. The college mainly focuses on daily teaching, scientific research and administrative management.

However, the complexity of reality is that although the school has a large volume, many resources, and more conditions for the school's game, the exposed problems are more and more complicated.

Wang Weiyi explained that, for example, the school gave the Ministry of Education's 50 entry indicators, and the competition of the colleges in the school was very fierce. At this time, the Minister of Student, as a "leader", needs to come forward to coordinate who is more and less, and who to give to whom this year to give, but also to fight for resources from the school or even higher -level institutions.

"The new school culture has not yet formed, and the original subculture of the colleges in the school is facing the death of death. When some teachers complain, they point to the leaders and their abilities of the Ministry of Studies, and they will not bother to meet the school and school leadership. Hong Chengwen sighed.

"The weakest part of the system system is actually at the level of the Ministry of Studies. Strengthening the leadership construction of the Minister of Studies is a major issue." Hong Chengwen pointed out that if the Minister of Studies was selected as the dean of the college, it was obviously incorrect, and it also increased the problem. Complexity.

During the investigation, Li Jun found that the main managers of many high -level university studies include both administrative positions and academic positions. "Especially in the physical department, the situation is more prominent." Even if it is the Ministry of Freach, the Minister of Studies is mostly the position of the dean of the college. "The" amphibious "of identity is likely to cause the mix of administrative power and academic powers when the department is managed, and academic power has been weakened or even replaced by administrative power."

Realizing this, when the Beijing Normal University established the Ministry of Education, the dean of the college did not have the administrative level, only as the "academic convener", and the administrative staff in the academic department no longer held the position of academic institutions.

In Hong Chengwen's view, the Minister of Studies should have the ability to lead the construction of the discipline, the distribution of interests, and the new culture construction of the Ministry of Division, but the reality is that they can hardly have time and energy to deal with these things wholeheartedly. "To strengthen the leadership training of the Minister of Study, it should be included in the work agenda of colleges and universities. The Minister of Studies must also improve self -cultivation. Personal academic development and leadership must be done well."

Doing these well is also one of the guarantees for the school's realization of the school to govern the school.

How to go into practice across disciplines

Although cross -disciplinary disciplines are regarded as one of the causes of the reform of the ministry system of universities, the effects of interdisciplinary interdisciplinary in the previous round of academic system have not met.

Because of this, Li Jun found in the investigation that "teachers and students are not deeply touched by the Ministry of Academic System, thinking that they just change their names, which sounds' tall".

In the previous round of universities that conducted reforms in the department, "merged similar items" were the choice of most universities, and the college consolidated into the academic department with similar disciplines. This makes it difficult to play the function of interdisciplinary disciplines.

Wang Weiyi believes that this is more or less influenced by the reform of the Ministry of Studies in foreign universities. For example, the University of Paris, which was established in the thirteenth century, set up four studies: theology, medicine, law, and literature. At that time, there was no interdisciplinary need.

In addition, in the previous round of the reform of the department, the main purpose of most colleges and universities was a rectification agency. Therefore, in the operation of interdisciplinary disciplines, some colleges and universities also lack in -depth thinking. Although several cross -disciplinary platforms have been established, the development is uneven, and some have already died.

How to truly play the interdisciplinary role of the Ministry of Studies?

"The reform of the Ministry of Studies should break the original idea of ​​dividing the discipline, but also avoid the practice of crossing for cross." On the surface, it seems to provide a platform for the interdisciplinary cross, but "the difference between the three colleges is very large. Without a common vision and theme, I return to their respective discipline circles."

"The goal of the cross should be clear, and the national strategic -oriented should be established, and the Chinese roads that focus on national knowledge innovation, academic or culture are established or the comprehensive research institute of similar academic departments. Ideal, pursuit, "Li Jun said.

Wang Weiyi agreed to this. He gave examples that carbon neutralization and carbon peaks are a research field that requires multi -disciplinary cross. In order to cultivate carbon neutralized talents, the establishment of the Ministry of Studies can break the boundaries of literature and science.

Cross -disciplinary interdisciplinary like this has been organized in the name of research institutes. Why use the name of the school? During the interview, the respondents said that they were called a certain research institute, cross academy, innovation college, and literature and science colleges, but according to the focus of function, there was still a difference.

Zhang Yi pointed out that cross -disciplinary scientific research and education are two aspects. The cross -scientific research is more of the cooperation between scholars. "In contrast, the role of the Ministry of Education, especially the role of the cooperation in the department, will play a greater role."

For example, each school department of Peking University has the deputy director of the academic department responsible for teaching, and the president of the teaching of the college involves cross -disciplinary education programs. The course "Classical Literature" set up by the Ministry of Humanities summoned teachers of Chinese, philosophy, and history together to discuss the development of the curriculum together.

"The real discipline cross is to study curriculum design and research talent training." Wang Weiyi expressed his affirmation. Right now, his college sets a doctorate in teacher education (mathematical direction). "We invited a two -digit math department and a tutor of an education major to guide the students together."

Perhaps the next transcript to be handed in by the Department of Studies is exactly the results of interdisciplinary.

"China Science News" (2022-09-06 The 4th edition of the 4th edition of the highly focused on the original title "What kind of" transcript "")

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