How to "break" the weather?Fangshan Science reporter walked into the China Meteorological Bureau

Author:Beijing Science and Technology Time:2022.09.10

What is the reason why the forecast temperature is not high but sweats directly? How are the changes in weather and climate prediction? What are the means of meteorological forecasting? With countless "weather" problems, a group of young people wearing "scientific reporters" vests and their parents entered the China Meteorological Bureau on August 25th and participated in the Fangshan Science and Technology Association, Fangshan District According to the support of the Propaganda Department of the Commission, the District Education Commission, the District Cultural Tourism Bureau, the 2022 science reporter+exploring Fangshan activities co -organized by the China Meteorological Bureau and the Fangshan District Science and Technology Activity Center, and found the answers to these questions during the event.

▲ Research Meteorological Observation Knowledge in Yan Ri

The 15 teenagers and their parents came to the Fangshan District Science and Technology Activity Center (hereinafter referred to as the "Center") early in the morning. The VR gaming experience exhibition area in the center attracts the attention of children, and eagerly lined up to try. "Fear of high symptoms, and the legs are numb." A small reporter felt too realistic after experiencing "high altitude autumn thousands". The relaxed experience participated in the relaxation of the little reporter, and after the system's news and writing skills training and "weather" related answers, they learned more about the next visit tasks to be completed and prepared for departure.

"Collect" meteorological data

"This is the louver box that measures meteorological temperature and humidity." With the hot sunshine of the afternoon, Mr. Wang of the China Meteorological Administration is giving the work content of the science meteorological observation field for the young journalists. The first thing to know is the shutters.

"Why is the forecast temperature and somatosensory temperature different?" Teacher Wang explained that the meteorological temperature measurement instrument was not exposed to the outdoor, but was placed in a ventilated, radiation -proof, and rain -proof shutter box. The heat source from solar radiation often makes the human body feel higher, which causes differences with meteorological temperature.

Before the 1990s, the data measured by the shutters was completed by manual records. It was registered every hour on the record book and summarized the data. The small sensor installed in the louver now automatically transmits measurement data per second. "The data collector here will connect the data of the sensor, just like the brain receives information from hand and feet," Teacher Wang further explained the current meteorological observation changes.

The louver is still the original, but the internal measurement instrument is updated. Just as the meteorological cause of our country is developing, the spring wind turns rain, and it will continue.

Understand the infrastructure of meteorological observation of meteorological observations such as the rainfall sensor, radiation sensor, and snow deep sensor of automatic weather stations. Little reporters have entered the China Meteorological Science and Technology Exhibition Hall to cross ancient and modern, and understand the development of China's meteorological industry.

▲ Exhibition hall of exploring ancient weather

Entering the history of meteorological development in China

In the exhibition hall of the ancient weather, the teacher explained the wisdom crystal of the ancients by videos. Solar terms guide agriculture.

However, in modern times, the earliest viewing platform in China was built by other countries. Until 1912, the first meteorological platform in China, the central viewing platform, was established, and became an important milestone in the history of the development of China's meteorological industry.

▲ Little reporter visits the "Meteorological Career in Struggle" exhibition area

After the founding of New China, the meteorological cause moved forward in the struggle. The "Joint Weather Analysis Forecast Center", established in 1950, undertakes the weather forecast business of the Central Meteorological Observatory. The collective forecasting system created by the central meteorological station has been in use.

On September 7, 1988, my country's first meteorological satellite -Fengyun No. 1 A star was successfully launched and returned to the first Fengyun satellite cloud map. China has its own first cloud picture photo. The front page of "People's Daily" also reported that my country successfully launched a meteorological satellite for the first time and posted the news of the first cloud map.

As of now, my country has successfully launched 19 weather satellites, and currently 7 are running on orbit.

Story of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite

"What can the meteorological satellite do?" The little reporters walked into the National Satellite Meteorological Center with questions. Yan Xiaojuan, senior engineer of the National Meteorological Satellite Center, told them the status and application of the development of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite.

▲ Little reporter understands the story of the Fengyun Satellite Family

In 1970, my country began to independently develop meteorological satellites, and it has now gone through 52 years. In half a hundred years, a total of 19 meteorological satellites entered space, including 9 polar rail satellites, and 10 static satellites. They are all named after the wind. Number, is the static satellite.

“从空间的角度来看，静止卫星的轨道在距离地球35800公里的空间，几乎与地球同步运行，是相对静止的；而极轨卫星则围绕地球南北极运行，每绕一圈102分钟，一天Can be around 14 times. " Yan Xiaojuan also used the "wool ball" to compare it, so that the little reporters can more vividly understand the movement of the polar track satellite.

She told the small reporters that Fengyun satellites have unique advantages in three aspects: space, time and spectrum. The first is the wide combination of space. Among them, the static satellite has achieved east -west layout, covering the continuous dynamic monitoring from the east coast of Africa to the central Pacific Ocean; the three rail network network network network of polar rail satellites can achieve the global seamless gap of the world 6 times a day; more than, Fengyun No. 3 satellite has already been The 250 -meter resolution of 250 meters covered by global coverage is implemented. The second is a long -term combination of time. Fengyun satellites can achieve 1 minute -time resolution observation. The 20 -year continuous observation data set that has been accumulated so far can be used for climate analysis. The third is the full super -combination on the spectrum. In other words, the full spectrum coverage of X -rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared and microwave. ▲ The unique advantage of Fengyun Satellite

With these unique collars, Fengyun satellites can not only monitor the weather, but also provide refined meteorological service guarantees for important activities such as the establishment of the party's century and the Winter Olympics.

"Shachen!" A little reporter recognized the image that was constantly rolling on the cloud map. This is an observation and analysis on the source of sand, and it can be seen that the sand is rising under the influence of Mongolian cyclone and swept it.

In addition to observing the weather of the earth, Fengyun Satellite is also paying attention to the changes in the five largest circles of the earth (atmospheric ring, frozen ring, water ring, biosphere, rock ring), and can monitor space and weather, such as the launch of Tianwen No. 1, Chang'e 5. Behind the return of major space weather guarantee services such as returning, the participation of Fengyun satellites is inseparable.

On September 25, 2017, a cloud login interface was replaced by a cloud map. From the perspective of the African continent, it changed into our motherland. It came from the fixed shooting of the Satellite A star in Fengyun 4 in space. In the future, the Fengyun Satellite Family will continue to add Ding. While the space is running around the earth, while looking at the human homeland, it will observe the climate change of the earth's homeland and serve the beautiful life of human beings.

Text and Photo/Reporter Li Jing

Produced: Popular Science Central Kitchen