Today, behind the history of the Mid -Autumn Festival and Teacher's Day history, it turned out to be ...

Author:Institute of Physics of the Ch Time:2022.09.10

As we all know, September 10 is Teacher's Day. On this special day, let us send festivals to the majority of people teachers.

Coincidentally, today is the Mid -Autumn Festival.

It is said that the moon this year is "Fifteen Moon Fifteen Circles". Interested friends can observe in the past two days.

As the Mid -Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar, in 2020, as can be the same day as National Day, on the same day as Teachers' Day in 2022, the wide range of changes has attracted the attention of the editor’s attention.

Driven by curiosity, Xiaobian continued to turn back to the calendar, trying to find the next day of the Mid -Autumn Festival as Teacher's Day, and then

In 2041, 19 years apart from 2022.

What if the year of the next Mid -Autumn Festival and the same day of the National Day?

Actually, it will usher in another 2031, and it is only 11 years apart in 2020.

I have heard about the words of the "Nineteen Years and Seven Months" of the lunar calendar before. It means that 19 years can be regarded as a "cycle" of the lunar calendar. In the age of 19, 38, and 57 years old, the lunar calendar There is a certain probability that the birthday and the solar calendar birthday can be reunited.

But after 11 years, the Mid -Autumn Festival can be on the same day as the National Day. How can this explain?

Xiaobian was full of curiosity and found the relevant information about the lunar calendar. I do n’t know if I do n’t check it. I was frightened, and the lunar calendar touched the editor.

Driven by strong sharing, Xiaobian will talk to you today

The lunar calendar is "yin and yang combined"

In the previous article "The Date of" Disappearing "in history: I disappeared, but it seemed to have not disappeared again", we mentioned that the Chinese lunar calendar is the yin and yang, because it not only satisfies the lunar calendar for the beginning of the beginning of the moon and the moon. The requirements of the 15th and fifteen, at the same time, make the gap between it and the solar calendar through the method of setting up.

Such calendars also consider the sun and the moon, taking into account the accurate cycle of the year and the month, and is the crystallization of our ancestors' wisdom.

The lunar calendar is set as "Shuo" when the sun is directly on the back of the moon every month, which is set as "Shuo", that is, the first day of the sun; The cycle of a watched moon is about 29.53 days, so the rules of 30 days and 29 days of Xiaoyue have been formulated to balance this cycle.

If it is calculated in 12 months a year, the number of days a year of the lunar calendar is about 354.36 days, which is about 11 days from the 365.25 days of the sports cycle of the sun (that is, the return year).

It will be 11 days away in a year. If this goes down, one day the lunar calendar will be reversed and the solar calendar is upside down. This is definitely not the result we want to see. How to balance the gap between the 11 days is a good choice.

"Nineteen Years of Seven Years"

The name of the name is to add a Shuangwangyue as a leap month on the basis of 12 months, in order to extend the effect of balanced yin and yang calendar.

Because the original error is about 11 days, the addition of a leap month increases for 29 or 30 days. It is reasonable to add the error to the error can be greatly reduced once every 3 years. But after all, 11*3 = 33, which is 3 or 4 days behind 29 and 30. This error in the eyes of the ancestors is still very large. After calculation, under the premise of ensuring errors, they proposed the method of "nineteen years of seven years" and have been in use to this day.

Therefore, this is what the beginning is said to see 19 years as a "big" cycle of the lunar calendar. Some events on the lunar calendar occurred again after 19 (and its multiple).

Some friends may ask, why are you always emphasizing "there is a certain probability"? In fact, it should not be difficult to find that the lunar calendar month is not as fixed as the solar calendar. The month of setting up in different years is not necessarily the same. The characteristics of this dynamic change determine that you can hardly find the same the same lunar calendar. Two years.

Dynamic changes

The "dynamic changes" attributes of the lunar calendar can be reflected in two aspects. One is that the monthly month is not a stable turn alternation. Sometimes it can even occur for 4 consecutive months or 3 months in a row.

Another aspect is that the setting of the leap month we just mentioned is not fixed. So what kind of rules do I need to follow the lunar calendar?

Before answering this question, we must first talk about the day of the "Winter Solstice". Why should I mention this day? Because the winter solstice is an extraordinary day in the eyes of the ancients.

As we all know, on the winter solstice, the northern hemisphere is the shortest and the longest at night. There are ancient books recording: "The winter solstice is rising, the monarch is long, so congratulations ...", this indicates that in the eyes of the ancients, the yin will gradually weaken after the winter solstice passed, and the yang will gradually increase, which is the sign of the new cycle.

Therefore, in the eyes of the ancients, the winter solstice day is like the Spring Festival today, which is worth celebrating, and it is even more necessary to know the accurate date. In fact, the "Guida Testing" has been determined to determine the clear records of the winter solstice during the spring and autumn. In short, a straight pole is erected on the ground, and then the length of the shadow of the straight rod is measured by using a tool with a scaling tool. The longest day was the winter solstice.

Because the ancients attached great importance to the winter solstice and day, the measurement of the winter solstice day was the most accurate throughout the year, so it was most suitable for reference points.

Now we return to the problem of setting up. Because of the particularity of the winter solstice day, the ancients hoped to set the winter solstice day in a fixed month (now it is fixed in the winter moon). However, the winter solstice is basically on December 21 or 22 of the solar calendar, and the original 12 -month lunar calendar is only about 354 days, so one day the winter solstice will run to other months. Now that the ancients did not agree, dare to run until other months, I will pull you back for a month, so the primary condition for setting up is: the winter solstice day is not in the winter moon after 12 months of watching the moon.

For example (everyone can also open the calendar by themselves to count it)

From the winter solstice of 2019 to the winter solstice of 2020, if you only pass the 12th looking moon, then the lunar calendar in the 2020 winter solstice is October, so the April was set up in 2020.

From the winter solstice of 2020 to 2021, after only 12 Shuangwen Moon, it can still ensure that the winter solstice is in the winter moon, so there is no need to set up a leap.

But how do you stipulate for a few months?

This is to mention the "twenty -four solar terms" of our ancestors. In fact, these twenty -four solar terms can be divided into two dials. From the perspective of the solar calendar, 12 in the first half of the month, 12 in the second half of the month, we will be called "solar terms" in the first half of the month (yes, you have not read it wrong, I have not wrote it wrong, and the information display is wrong. It is still "solar terms"); 12 in the second half of the month is called "Zhongqi".

Okay, now switching to the lunar calendar perspective, on the premise of meeting the primary conditions (that is, need to be settled this year), if only the solar term is included in a certain moon, it will not include the qi, so this month will automatically turn into a leap monthly month. Essence

Take 2020 as an example. On the April 23rd of the solar calendar, it was the first day of April of the lunar calendar, until May 22 reached April 30, including Lixia and Xiaoman's solar terms.

If the next May 23rd is designated as the first day of May, then this month will last until June 20 (May 29th). At this time, you will find that there is only one solar terms in the twenty -nine days, and there is no medium. Qi appears. Because of the primary condition to meet the settlement in 2020, the original May became April, and it only started to enter May on June 21.

If you turn the calendar to February and March 1985, you will find that the first month of the year is only the solar term without a breath. However, because this year is not satisfied with the primary condition of the setting (the winter solstice is still in the winter after the 12 -month look at the moon), the first month has not become a lunar month. (Otherwise, this is the New Year's New Year ...)

Conclusion

Through the introduction of the above aspects, I believe that everyone must have more awareness of the lunar calendar. At this time, let's look at why I have been emphasizing "there is a certain probability" before, in fact, it is because of the "dynamic dynamic" characteristics of the lunar calendar. Why can we reunite once in 11 years?

Finally, I will tell you a hot knowledge. In fact, today is the first Mid -Autumn Festival in history to meet with my country Teacher's Day.

Some friends may refute, no, Xiaobian, the last Mid -Autumn Festival on September 10 was obviously 1984.