Qian Weichang's cultural accomplishment and humanistic feelings

Qian Weichang is reading information

In 1993, Qian Weichang recalled his study experience in the memoir "Eighty Self -Read": "In the nominal of junior high school for two years, but one year in the Chinese Study Division and the ancient Chinese of Tang Wenzhi, so mathematics and English foundation It was very bad, and I made up a lot in Suzhou High School, but it is better to learn it thoroughly as well as step by step. When I was in college, only literature and history still passed, and the English and English English was not sure ... In the summer of 1931 Tsinghua, Central, Zhejiang University, Tangshan, Xiamen, five universities ... I have been admitted to the predicament. At that time, the college test questions were not uniform and accepted by subjects. After the first level. Four Uncle Qian Mu Shi was a professor at Peking University. I am also interested in ancient texts and history. 'September 18th Incident' ... This patriotic emotion has inspired me and has embarked on the path of 'scientific saving the country'. In Chinese or history, Professor Chen Yinque got a full score on the author, volume, and sparse person in the historical examination papers. Promoting my enrollment composition is not bad, 'Chinese is a talent'. "

This memoir has different versions in different occasions. The general version is that he took 5 points in physics during the Tsinghua Tsinghua, 5 points in English, and the achievements of mathematics and chemistry also entered the history of Tsinghua University because of both Chinese and history. There is a big gap between these situations and the actual situation.

Qian Weichang's "abandonment of text" theory

First of all, Qian Weichang has a certain foundation for cultural and historical, but the science foundation is by no means unbearable. Qian Weichang studied in Suzhou Middle School, and published an article "The Right to Two Special Baldling" in the school's "Suzhong School Journal" in the school's journal "Suzhong School". There are 4 pages of this article. Formula and derivation. From this article, it can be clearly seen that Qian Weichang has a good science foundation. As for the five universities in the summer of Qian Weichang in the summer of 1931, there are indeed investigations, but the four universities that have admitted his admission are all college. According to the "Declaration", Qian Weichang was admitted to the Civil Engineering Department of the School of Engineering of the Central University and the Tangshan Institute of Technology of the University of China. At that time, the two universities' engineering schools had considerable historical traditions and school standards. It was very difficult to apply for examinations. At that time, the entrance examinations were all the School of Engineering, which was originally planned to study science and engineering.

As for the special application system of Tsinghua University, there is no need to designate the department when applying for the exam. At that time, Tsinghua University's entrance examination was based on party righteousness, Chinese language, English, their historical geography, and algebraic geometric graphics triangles. Candidates can analyze geometry, high school physics, high school chemistry, high school biology, world historical geography middle school in high school algebra. Choose two doors and do not have a separate historical subject examination. This kind of subject setting was originally beneficial to students who are good at science, because only one of the world's historical geography belongs to the liberal arts. Tsinghua University also stipulates that the average total of each subject must be above 54 points, and the average three -door of Chinese English and English must be admitted with an average of 49 points. Since then, Tsinghua University statistics have scored new students. The number of people with a score of 90 or more in the historical geography subjects of the country is 0, and the world's historical geography subjects are 80 or more. This shows that Qian Weichang cannot score 100 points in history. As for the first subject of physics, 174 students were less than 10 points, and 130 students were between 10 points and 20 points, and the ratio of the two accounted for 48.18%. This shows that the physical test papers of Tsinghua University are difficult. Therefore, although Qian Weichang's physics has only 5 points, it cannot be confirmed, but there are nearly half of the students with poor physical level in Tsinghua University of New students.

Tsinghua University started from the Study Preparatory School. It originally had a good liberal arts foundation. The two departments of literature and history were gathered in the famous teachers, and the light shone. In contrast, the School of Science and Technology of Tsinghua University was established late and has not yet established a school college. In addition, the master of the literary school and Qian Weichang's uncle Qian Mu have a good personal relationship. They attracted to him when Qian Weichang entered school. Therefore, after Qian Weichang entered school, he did not rule out the thoughts of entering the literary history. However, Qian Weichang was applying for the School of Engineering in the School of Tangshan Engineering of Central University and Jiaotong University, indicating that he had originally intended to study science and engineering. In summary, Qian Weichang is a science foundation that may not be too strong, but it is definitely not weak. At the same time, high school graduates who are better at liberal arts. In other words, he is a science and engineering boy with a certain degree of liberal arts. Like many scientists at that time, they have a certain liberal arts foundation, but they are also attracted by natural sciences.

Cultural accomplishment and humanistic literacy

Qian Weichang's father serves as a Chinese teacher in primary and secondary schools for life, and the four uncle Qian Mu is self -taught as a middle school teacher. He will become a well -known historian at home and abroad in the future. Has an important shape. As for the school stage of Qian Weichang in elementary and middle schools, he had been cultivated by famous scholars and experts such as Tang Wenzhi, Qian Mu, Lu Shuxiang, and Yang Renyi. Therefore, in the self -report of various versions, Qian Weichang will mention that he has a good cultural and historical foundation before college. In the early 1930s, Tsinghua University was also a comprehensive university for the balanced development of liberal arts and sciences. It has a very good foundation for liberal arts and science education and the tradition of general education. Even some science professors are literary and history lovers, and they respect the value of liberal arts. For example, Ye Qisun, the dean of the Academy of Sciences, met his experience with him when he met Qian Weichang for the first time, and informed "Reading History is well -integrated and understanding it, not to read some details." Essence Ye Qisun is also very interested in the historical and cultural heritage. Qian Weichang claimed to "learn philosophy and other public courses." However, because Qian Weichang was busy with the study of science and engineering, he had not written literature and history.

Qian Weichang began some liberal arts research and writing in the New China period. In December 1950, Qian Weichang participated in the Democratic Party organized by the Central People's Government and went to the Northeast to condolences to the Volunteer Volunteer Army to return to China to return to the wounded. He wrote a 5,000 -word reading notes "The Scientific Creation of Ancient China" on the train. He wrote the purpose of reading this historical notes, mainly for intellectuals who came from the old society in the early days of New China. There is a tendency to worship and charming among them. It is by no means nothing in science and technology. In the text, he mentioned that the Chinese people have learned to plant rice very early. At that time, foods in various countries were only meat, fish and vegetables; the Chinese people first built water conservancy projects to lay the foundation for the breeding of the nation. Being arithmetic, the peripheral rate of Zuchong, astronomical calendar, and wooden cattle horse were all the world's leading level at that time; the Chinese people also found oil fuel and the earliest invented papermaking technology. He concluded: "Our motherland has a wealth of historical heritage and has a brilliant scientific creation. The Chinese people often live in the forefront of world culture in thousands of years, and only after more than 100 years falling behind the Europeans. The reason for the backwardness is nothing more than capitalism and imperialism's oppression of China's aggression and cruelty, as well as the decaying ignorance and help of the reactionary ruling class. "In 1953, this article expanded into a monograph" Scientific Invention in Chinese History "" publishing. After the reform and opening up, he published the article "Science and Technology Excellence History" that the scientific creation of ancient China was of great significance to the world, such as gunpowder and compass needles to promote the rise of the navigation industry and the Renaissance and social change in Western Europe. In short, Qian Weichang has always had a certain understanding of China's scientific and technological history.

Qian Weichang still studied history in his later years. In 1996, he said: "A few days ago, I was still studying the history of the Xia Dynasty. It was very interesting. I did n’t know a lot of history. Now I have a lot of understanding of many things. Knowing the level. "In December 2000, Qian Weichang published" The Origin of the Xianbei and the current Distribution ", which talked about the birth and development of the Xianbei people, and entered the Central Plains, absorbed the advanced culture of the Central Plains, and established the Northern Wei Dynasty. Qian Weichang's tour in Xi'an and Northeast China took a lack of time to determine whether it was the descendants of the Xianbei people based on the surnames of the locals they came into contact with, and recommended the regional distribution of the descendants of the Xianbei people. Qian Weichang believes that historical research is not necessary to turn the ancient books, and it can be found in reality. Chinese history can be studied from the current perspective. Qian Weichang also published a short essay named "The Origin of Huaxia" to discuss the origin of the Huaxia nation.

Emphasize general education

Qian Weichang advocated the combination of science and technology and the penetration of the arts and sciences. It is believed that the colleges and universities of science and engineering should cultivate students into a person with complete knowledge structure. Science and engineering students should learn Chinese, history, economic, and management, etc. His knowledge structure has become a talent with both professional technology and humanities.

Qian Weichang believes that after the reform and opening up, the talents cultivated by universities have world vision and world consciousness, which cannot lack liberal arts knowledge. He said: "Now our university is specially educated, and it is professional. He does not know anything outside of the major. Our current middle school students have very little science in history, geography, psychology, sociology, and economics. History and geography are very poor. College of colleges and universities only take Chinese, English, mathematics, physics, chemistry and biological. It is called the United Kingdom, I ca n’t figure it out ... Why is the United States called the United States of America and what else is the Western European community? This is too complicated! "Science and engineering experts lack humanistic knowledge and may cause serious accidents.

Qian Weichang specifically mentioned the difference between Tongcai and expertise. He believes that universities should cultivate two kinds of talents, one is through talents, one is expertise, and the employment channels and application scope of two talents are different. "We now have a large number of cadres to do ideological work. What is ideological work is to be honest, that is, in -depth psychology. To truly improve the quality of ideological work is to learn more psychology ... To understand market psychology, to know the market psychology, and The relationship between market demand, which is now a must -have condition for our cadres, is called generally ... a general intellectual, which is very different from an expert. We did not pay attention to this difference. In the past Everyone has slowly realized that they cannot oppose this kind of thing ... One person must first have a wide range of common sense foundations, and we can talk about it later. Now we divide the trainers into two categories. Specifically. "After 1994, Qian Weichang served as the newly established President of Shanghai University, and attached great importance to the construction of liberal arts. He once described the importance of social sciences at Shanghai University's students: "When I was young, I thought it would be pure science, and it would promote the advancement of science and promote society. It shows that if you want to do pure science, it is not a scientist, but just buried in pure science, its social effect is not necessarily good. To achieve sufficient social effects, you must study social science things. "He also said: "Reading history has made people wise ... Over the years, I have often had communication with young students from Shanghai University. I found that many of them have a narrow knowledge. Especially in science and engineering students, they have not had a good history of science. The signs of the ancestor of the ancestors, they know about the history of the professional development they are engaged in, and even know nothing ... understanding the history and methodology of science and methodology is indeed very meaningful, and it can often make us clear and more effort. "

Therefore, Qian Weichang offers a large number of liberal arts courses at Shanghai University to encourage the development of the liberal arts department. However, it encourages liberal arts to develop completely blindly, but believes that the liberal arts should play two role. On the one hand, it is necessary to play a role in cultural influence and cultivation of talents. Essence He carried out a large number of applied liberal arts education at Shanghai University, especially at the subject of art: "All courses and discipline settings are as clear as possible in Shanghai, which is clear."

Qian Weichang said: "Our teachers must play a role of consulting and consultant in Shanghai's production and socio -economic activities. We cannot hide in school and rush away the walls. Do not soak in textbooks. , To play a great role in all aspects of the Economic College, this is the starting point of scientific research ... If we are out of society, this school becomes a school that is separated from actual, and teaching must be separated from actual teaching. Our teaching cannot be able to teach. improve."

In short, Qian Weichang, as a scientist, has a certain humanistic literacy and cultural accomplishment due to family studies and unique growth experience, especially for historical research. Thinking. These ideological heritage plays an important role in promoting the development of liberal arts in Shanghai University.

(Han Yan, the author is an associate professor at the Department of History of Shanghai University)

- END -