Academician Zheng Quanshui: Become a top innovator, and grasp his early thinking enlightenment and guidance is the key

Jobs said: "The difference between leaders and followers lies in innovation." So, what is the most decisive factor to become the world's top innovators?

All innovations and progress in the development of human beings start with thinking innovation

Edison, Einstein, Picasso, Jobs, Musk, Bezos, Buffett, etc. are all the world's top innovators. It is not difficult to find out that although the fields they are engaged in are huge, there is a deep internal similarity in them, and it is a way of thinking. For these top innovators, thinking is always in front of technology. The story of becoming the top innovator clearly explains that the initial trigger point of new possibilities is neither knowledge nor technology, but deep insights on a new thing, new areas or new markets. I don't dare to think about it. " It can even be said that, including these top innovators, all major innovations and significant progress from zero to one in the development of human development start with thinking innovation.

Facing new things, new views or new discoveries, we often express our "thinking" and "thinking" to form our own understanding and attitude. In essence, this is a kind of identification and expression of things determined by each of us. Different thinking will generate different ideas and attitudes, and then bring different actions and results.

For the formation of thinking, what kind of role should education take?

Corresponding to the different levels and stages of cognition, we believe that people's growth paths can be divided into different levels and dimensions such as learning, practice and thinking, and also called "learning", "doing" and "thinking". In the process of education, the first thing to be enlightened is the level of learning. This is also the main focus of education at the moment. It is mainly the process of continuous accumulation of knowledge. Only by gradually deepening and more credible can the content of learning can touch more links and form a system at the cognitive level, so as to develop the ability to "known" human beings; through practice ", learning" and "doing" the combination In order to truly internalize the knowledge learned into your own, and enlighten the level of "unknown"; further, through the enlightenment systematic thinking, you can internalize the learning into cognition, further condense thoughts, and increase the specific problems of detachment. To the level of abstraction, refine the essence of things.

In today's society is an era of high development of information technology, new information and knowledge have increased rapidly, and the difficulties encountered and the need to be solved are also very different. Today, what we lack is no longer knowledge and perspective, but the logic and thinking of looking at the problem. In other words, the logic of the industrialization era of "knowledge is power" is no longer established, and it is replaced by thinking as power. Correspondingly, "knowledge changes destiny" has also become the past. We believe that for people in the information age, thinking determines fate. For a top innovative talent, a very important dimension in thinking is that it has a rich, diverse, and systematic way of thinking, not a single and solid -to -minded way of thinking.

Letting a person form a relatively complete thinking system is undoubtedly not achieved in the basic education stage. Even in the stage of higher education, it must continue to evolve and accumulate. However, for education, we need to emphasize the enlightenment of the thinking of "learning", "doing" and "thinking" (the so -called enlightenment refers to allowing students to know the existence of this dimension) to be completed during the basic education stage, and their advancement is higher. Important tasks in the education stage. It should be noted that the dimensions of different thinking in the basic education stage, the enlightenment has a golden period, and the effort will be more effective. At the beginning, it could be unconsciously subtly involved, and then slowly helped students find a set of underlying logic and laws that rationally explained this thinking dimension. Therefore, in education, the most important thing is to find a relatively optimized enlightenment point for students' personality characteristics, guide students to continuously explore the essence of things, and gradually form a system of thinking system.

How to help students improve their thinking ability

In the current school education (or even the stage of higher education), we still focus on the level of learning and pay less attention to the dimensions of "doing" and "thinking". It is even more unfavorable to stand out. In history, when knowledge is scarce resources and education is not popular enough, it is reasonable to focus on the dimension of "learning". Today, human society is accelerating the era of information intelligence from the industrial era. Knowledge is not only scarce, but even overly saturated. In this case, education stays at the level of "learning". In the current education system, learning "known" is the main line that runs through, and practice is in a weak state. It is just in the form of some extracurricular activities and does not become a system. And just staying at the level of "doing", it can not cultivate top innovation students. To help students grow into top innovators, they need to guide them to the level of "deep thinking" through the integration of knowledge and action to form a step -by -step and organic integration of "learning", "doing" and "thinking".

The problems in the current education are mainly caused by the "task" of the learning level. In order to cope with the explosion of knowledge, the discipline category is increasing, and each discipline has countless courses, textbooks, and knowledge points. Students and teachers are suffering from the heavy academic and work, and more and more things they have learned. If school education stays at the level of "learning", it is a serious waste of resources and time, which is not needed by people in the information age. Taking knowledge production and transmission as an example, before the emergence of Internet technology, it mainly relies on artificial methods to write textbooks is an important way to spread knowledge; The communication mechanism is more efficient, and people can understand information and knowledge in all aspects without leaving home. Traditional and mainly relied on the knowledge communication model of teaching materials, which can no longer meet the needs at the moment, let alone the future. Fundamentally solving the above problems, the systemic changes are required for the education system. In education, the content of "doing" is needed systematically, and the dimensions of "doing" and "thinking" are systematized; the education system needs And gradually increase the attention and investment in "doing" and "thinking", and increase the proportion of "doing" and "thinking" in the education system. For example, Tsinghua University has launched a "writing and communication" course for freshmen since 2018, which can be regarded as a dimension of strengthening "thinking". Relying on high -intensity literature reading, small class discussions, "one -on -one" guidance, writing workshops, etc., this course guides students to write and display rational articles in accordance with the requirements of the specifications. The ability to write expression, improve the ability of communication, cultivate logical thinking and critical thinking. However, because the dimension of "thinking" did not complete the enlightenment during the middle school stage, the course effect was not significant.

When you reach a certain state, you must rely on time to accumulate, but the formation of systemic thinking is the key and premise. To guide students to form system thinking and grow into top innovators, they often need long -term investment and personalized evolution models. But we believe that there are relatively simplified elements and methods to help students develop scientific thinking and attitude. At least we have the "student -problem -mentor" three elements of innovative talent training models developed at Tsinghua University's Qianxuesen Power Class ("Tsinghua Qian Class"), which are feasible and general and universal. This model takes challenging issues as the starting point to guide students to learn, practice, and think; through the difficulty of the problem and the solution cycle, the traction students reach the state of "learning", "doing" and "thinking".

以问题为导向的学生培养（我们更愿意称之为“陪长”），其关键在于充分激发学生的内在激情和创新潜力，以一套科学的方法论引导学生从“小问题”做到“大question". Taking the problem as a traction, realizing the matching of students and mentors, and ultimately realizing the active construction of students from knowledge to thinking.

In this sense, the future teacher system is a matching process based on the recognition of values. Therefore, we need to create an environment to help students match or replace different mentors according to different directions. Depending on the problems, in -depth matching or replacement of different levels of mentors to achieve high -quality matching of students and mentors.

Since its establishment in 2009, Tsinghua Qian Class has basically formed this set of methodology, and proposed the first principle of the three elements of the "student -problem -mentor". Traction, "Qian Class Model" with open cross -research learning and top tutors. The Qianban model breaks the discipline and knowledge restrictions, and realizes the long -term growth of students -centered and problematic learning, practice, and thinking. Since 2020, the Qian class model has been promoted in a large -scale promotion of Tsinghua University. Based on mechanics, it has been extended to almost all engineering sciences, and has been drawn by the “Basic Disciplinary Student Training Plan 2.0” class of many universities across the country.

The Shenzhen Zero -1 College founded in 2021 The talent training model of successful learning, practice, and thinking of mutual thinking in the Qianban model, further promoting the reform of the system and mechanism of the talent development, comprehensively broke through the barriers of college organizations, semester division restrictions, and restrictions on section of section. There are both teachers' structure and resource barriers, and are committed to creating a "space -time -problem -organization" four -dimensional openness platform. By gathering more unbounded, top resources from the world, it provides students with long -term and penetrating advanced advanced advanced advanced and advanced advanced advanced advanced. Accompany the length. Zero -1 College pays attention to the growth of students' long -distance growth and strives to guide the enlightenment of "learning", "doing" and "thinking" in the basic education stage. The Zero -1 College model is expected to become a new paradigm for the growth of top innovative talents in the future. It breaks through the existing educational logic of teachers -centered and focusing on knowledge instilling, breaking the boundaries of discipline borders and teachers and students, and meeting the personalized needs of thinking.

The framework and formation process of the way of thinking

人的认知发展的基本途径是“学”“做”“思”及其融合，以此形成的个体认知可以分为四个层次：第一层次是知识，第二层次是能力，第三The level is thinking, and the fourth level is the realm, which is what the Chinese call "Tao, Law, Art, and Instrument". Learning "known" simply can only achieve knowledge; coupled with practice, it can form ability. The organic integration of "learning" and "doing" and "thinking" can advance to the level of thinking. On the whole, a person must have richer thinking, but also coordinate and organically unify each other. The realm, the so -called "Tao" of the Chinese people, is the process of accumulation, the process of practice, and the process of "enlightenment". There is no certain rule. In Western thinking, there are two bottom elements, one is scientific thinking, and the other is mathematical thinking. Mathematics has a higher status in Western thinking, and its essence is rational. In the "Freedom Seven Arts" (rhetoric, grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy) of Western Classical Humanities Education, the so -called "post -four arts" (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy) are essentially mathematics; calculations The application is music, and geometric applications are astronomical.

From the perspective of discipline, mathematics is essentially a kind of thinking construction. Things taught in the school are all knowledge; the homework and training made by students began to evolve towards the capacity layer, which can further form a tool for solving problems; it can understand mathematics as a overall methodology, and mathematics can be understood that mathematics is science science is science. Language; further transcendence on this basis can reach the level of rational thinking. Mathematical is essentially a way to build theory, and theory is structured by rational thinking. The essence of mathematics training is the training of rational thinking. We believe that it is the best choice for Oriental people to conduct rational thinking training. However, in the current education, whether it is mathematics education or science education, there is too little effort to surpass the knowledge layer, and the requirements of thinking training are still far away.

Thinking determines innovation

Human development history shows that a few top innovative talents have the ability to change the development paradigm of science, technology, and economy, lead the scientific and technological revolution and industrial changes, and create a motivation for future growth. However, top innovation talents are not so -called cultivated, but in encouraging the ecology of "from 0 to 1" innovation, through inspiring young people to persevere the "from 0 to 1" innovation issues, constantly advanced, continuously risen, and stand out from the perspective, standing out from the end of it. of. Facing major disruptive innovations in the future, young people in China need to participate in the west of the West, the study of the western and West; Righteousness.

With openness, richness, and systematic thinking is the decisive factor of becoming the top innovators. It is the key to grasp its early enlightenment and guidance. Based on unbounded innovation and open talent development ecosystem, Zero 1 College uses information intelligent technology to gather top mentors around the world. By challenging issues, students' inherent motivation and exploration passion are stimulated. To achieve advanced and improved in mutual integration, it can become an effective path for more young people to grow into top innovators at present and in the future.

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