The same engineering talents, universities and market evaluations are different!

Text ｜ Chen Dongmin

One of the main issues of current engineering education is the science of engineering -engineering students and science students training models, and the dissertation -oriented evaluation system assessing the engineering department; the teachers generally lack the work experience of the enterprise, the lack of in -depth cooperation with the enterprise, etc. As a result, the knowledge system and skills of the trained students cannot meet the needs of the market.

The root cause of all this is that the value positioning of higher education talents has problems.

Tell a real story. A doctoral student I brought at Peking University is interested in the third -generation semiconductor device and manufacturing. I suggest and arrange him to go to an enterprise dedicated to making power chips for the dissertation. After a few years, he resolved several key crafts on the production line. He made important contributions to opening up the entire manufacturing process, applied for a group of patents, and published some papers. But because it is not a breakthrough in principle and mechanism, he has not invested in the basic discipline journals.

During a doctoral dissertation defense, a judge said with emotion that the graduates did useful research on this one. Instead of being encouraged by this, students applied for "Excellent Doctoral Paper", but they were not selected because they did not have top publications. But on the day of the graduation ceremony, he was hired by a well -known chip company.

In the same talent, the gap between colleges and universities and markets in terms of value and ability evaluation is so much thoughtful.

The "product" of higher education is talent, and the market for talents is an enterprise and institution. The goal of building "new engineering" is to adapt to the demand for talents in the development of high -tech industries, leading the innovation and competitiveness of the technology industry. Under the new value positioning, major changes must be changed in the knowledge system and ability training model of engineering. I give me an example to illustrate these two problems.

It is necessary to be like science research,

Do you clarify the principle thoroughly?

There is an important variable in product/process research and development and engineering research -time. The development of an engineering technology, the development of a new product, and the improvement of a production process have strict time limit.

For example, the next generation of products must be launched every year or even half a year. This product cycle is determined by the market. If you miss the market window, you will lose the sales revenue of a generation of products.

This is essentially different from the research of science. Although basic research is planned, time is not a strict indicator of research.

Obviously, in a limited time, engineering research and development is generally impossible, and it is not necessary to thoroughly understand the principles, mechanisms, and rules behind solving problems like science research.

But for science research, these are the basic requirements for publishing academic papers.

The research and development of products/technology is concerned about the quality and reliability of the product, the consistency and stability of the process, cost control and profit margin.

Craft research and development usually combines scientific principles and experiences to design experiments on several improvement plans and process parameters in a limited time, and use this to determine the solution to the problem solving to meet the expected indicators and meet the needs of market competition.

The continuous progress of integrated circuit technology is the result of organic integration of process research and development and basic research.

How to find a method of solving problems in a limited time is itself a learning.

In recent years, the international advanced manufacturing industry (such as integrated circuits), as well as a series of modern engineering innovation in engineering management, innovation management, innovative thinking and methodology, quality management, cost control, etc., which are closely working with these industries. Knowledge System.

These new knowledge systems have basically not been included in the theoretical and practical curriculum system by the University of Engineering of Chinese universities as the basic knowledge structure and ability training content of engineering talents.

In some universities, engineering management is included in the management college, which belongs to the category of social sciences. These are the misunderstandings of engineering innovation methodology.

Scientific research, whether it is basic discipline or application discipline, we must understand both the connotation of research and the method of research.

The above example shows that the cultivation of science and engineering talents has common points in common and significant differences.

The process of transformation of scientific and technological achievements is to transform scientific research samples into a middle -trial product, and then transform into a large -scale manufacturing product. The skills required for this process have shifted from scientific research to research and development.

If technology personnel engaged in transformation do not understand the process of process research and development, it is difficult to achieve a breakthrough from samples to products to products.

After taking the credits, go out for an internship,

Can it be changed?

In Europe and the United States, the higher education model of production and education has become a conventional talent training model, and many experiences are worth learning from.

In the middle of the last century, the "cooperative education" model in Canada and the "dual education" model launched in Germany (including Austria and Switzerland) in Germany had a lot in common.

If a student can work in a company that signed a joint training agreement with a school with a school during school and obtains the corresponding salary; The work is included in the school; the graduation assessment includes two parts: curriculum and work practice.

This education model has achieved the following results.

First of all, through a long work practice, students have deeply understood the requirements of work on knowledge and skills, made real contributions to enterprises, and experienced the transformation from school to workplace.

Secondly, the design of the school's curriculum knowledge structure meets the needs of the rapid development of the industry and avoid the disconnection of education and needs. Third, the enterprise deeply understands and affirms and stimulates the students' ability to develop and develops their careers. For example, the employment rate of students in cooperative education in Ottawa University in Canada is as high as 98.5%, and the average salary is higher than the traditional university graduates of the same age.

The German dual -system education is considered to be an important factor in the country's artisan talent and "invisible champion" enterprise.

The most important difference between China's production and education integration model and cooperation education in Europe and the United States and dual education is that students go to enterprises to "internship" instead of "work", short time, non -remuneration, small contribution, and corporate burden. In terms of talent training, a coordinated mechanism system has been established; the education department does not formulate a clear standards and regulatory mechanism for the integration of production and education.

The education model of production and education involves multiple interests -governments, schools, enterprises, students, and parents.

Whether this education model is successful depends on the value identity of each interest body on this model, and assumes its own responsibilities and play its own role.

Obviously, the mechanism of this model guarantees and organizational work is more complicated than the traditional university education model.

When we visited the University of Karu, Germany, the principal of the university said that the professor of the University of Karu must have the experience of enterprise research and development and management. Practice plan.

In contrast, my country's universities are currently in the primary stage, and there is huge space that can improve.

The integration of production and education emphasizes in -depth work practice. The selection of cooperative companies in universities has become a key task. It should look at the company's cooperation with new technology products.

In addition to cooperating with enterprises, driven by the national policy of innovation -driven development, many local governments have invested in research institutions. These institutions have a large proportion of technology industrialization research platforms, and they can also become cooperative institutions for integration of production and education.

For example, Dongguan Songshan Lake Materials Lab has established a joint training mechanism with universities in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and attracted a group of students to the laboratory to participate in research and development.

As far as I know, most of the joint training models of schools and enterprises are basically the model of the internship after completing the credits after taking the credits.

How to learn from the German and Canadian models and combine the needs of practice to promote the reform and improvement of the knowledge system, so that students can exert greater value in the practice stage. After graduation Positions, this is a new model that cultivates the value of talent.

(The author is the executive deputy director of the Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, and Wen Cai Fei, a reporter from the China Science News, interviewed and sorted out)

"China Science News" (2022-08-30 The 4th edition of the 4th edition of the highly focused on the original title "Engineering Innovation Method Theory of Time Variables" ")

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