Landscape Landscape -Dialogue Landscape Designer Li Jianwei

Recently, the World Habitat Network interviewed Mr. Li Jianwei, a well -known contemporary landscape designer on the relevant topics such as plant design, land space planning, and vertical design. The following is the specific content of this interview:

1. Tour with garden design

World Renju.com: Hello Teacher Li, from the previous understanding of you, you can know that you have entered the university for further studies after 1975, including at Zhongnan Forest College, including Hunan University, and then at Hunan Normal University. After learning art, step -by -step experience makes me feel like it was born for the profession of designers. So what is the opportunity to enter the field of garden design?

Li Jianwei: In fact, I do n’t know about design at the beginning. I studied art and calligraphy when I was in middle school. At that time, I often did not go to school. I went to sketching with some classmates every day. Later, I made a art group in middle school. This is actually very meaningful to my growth. At that time, learning art and music was spontaneously done by students, that is, the love of these things from the heart, and naturally embarked on this road. After learning art music, you will find your own understanding of the world, and your attitude towards life is connected with these things you really love.

Later, because I felt that my art foundation was not good enough and my confidence was not enough, I dared not go to the Academy of Fine Arts. At that time, I felt that my cultural knowledge was as good as mathematics, and I took my head to take the college entrance examination. As a result, I was admitted to Zhongnan Forest College. After that, because of the artistic skills, many things related to painting in the school fell on my head. At that time, I also did a lot of publicity work and service work in the school, including some promotional columns, wall newspapers, and some things of drama performances and literary propaganda teams. I put this hobby bigger and bigger.

With this foundation, an opportunity appeared when I was in the third grade of college. The school came with a teacher named Sha Qian Sun, who was a major in the garden. Because the garden major of the school during the Cultural Revolution was suspended, he was transferred to another school to teach and teach agricultural machinery. Later, he returned to school to organize garden majors. To run a garden major, you need to select some talents. Because of the foundation of art, I chose me. Later, he began to take his elective courses in the third grade, and the fourth grade participated in the graduation design, which transformed from the professional forest professional to gardening.

After graduating, they will stay in school. However, from the perspective of gardening, the knowledge of the time was still obviously insufficient, so I went to study architecture at Hunan University and the Department of Art of Hunan Normal University. After returning to school after finishing school, the gardening major in Zhongnan Forest College was done. I became a teacher of garden majors.

That's it, things are very simple, and it is a bit destined. The learning journey I experienced made me walk into this industry step by step; including later to study in the United States, systematic learning landscape design is an indispensable link for me today.

2. The same and different in the garden and architecture

World Renju.com: When you told you, I thought of a problem, that is, it feels that the garden professional has something to do with architectural design, but it is not like an industry, a garden and one building. What are the essential differences between these two industries? Intersection

Li Jianwei: First of all, the common points of these two industries are "design", that is, you have to have certain technical means, space design ability, and based on certain ideological ideas, to plan what you imagine. Essence It is only aimed at the house, and our garden landscape is targeted at outdoor space. Various scenes of outdoor life are designed by people who need landscapes. Therefore, the objects of architecture and landscape are different and the functions are a bit different, but they are two different majors under the large framework of "design".

3. Some suggestions for novice designers

World Renju.com: Garden design seems to be a major that needs to exist at the same time with sensuality and rationality. Before I saw you also practicing calligraphy, I also wrote an experience about practicing calligraphy, and many times I found out that I found out The designer has a characteristic that "Kung Fu is outside the book". Many kung fu may not be in the design field, but the experience obtained when he observes other things is used in his design thinking. In fact, many novice designers In other words, friends who have just entered the industry may ignore these points, so what suggestions do you have to novice designers or those who just joined the industry?

Li Jianwei: That's it. Designing this industry is a bit different from other very professional and many areas. For example, what should be made in the cooking industry, you can do it according to the recipe, basically you can become a good chef; Professional, you can start mechanical manufacturing after you understand the principles of machinery and the use of machinery, but our garden specialty can be said to be all -inclusive. Our students learn landscape design in school. After a few years of studying, we have just learned some skeleton things. Whether from the technical level or from the ideological level, it is a skeleton. After giving you this skeleton, you have a lot of things to be added in order to become plump, to become smart, become a living, and become a living. s things.

Therefore, your understanding of various arts or things will help you become a good designer. If you say: I only do design, I do n’t know about other arts and do n’t pay attention. Then you can only be a very boring designer, and it is impossible to be a real master. Pay more attention to other things, care more about other arts, and through the integration, you can make you more deeper and have your own personal experience. Everyone's experience is different, and everyone's knowledge is different, which constitutes different perspectives of designers' understanding of things. From different perspectives, you can find a unique self and achieve your own design principles, design methods and design concepts. These come from your understanding of everything around you. With your own cognition, your design has characteristics and personalities; what you designed will be refreshing. Otherwise, there is no value as everyone. Any extra design is meaningless. You can't make a repeated design. You can't repeat the things that others have repeated countless times. You have to find your own perspective, so learning more about other things is good for you. Your own growth is good, and when you grow up, you will find that everything you do will be different from others.

4. Regarding the conditions that landscape garden designers need

World Renju.com: Since we mentioned a expectation of novice designers, or your suggestion, as a garden landscape designer, there are so many years of experience. You think as a landscape garden that complies with your standards in your heart. What conditions should designers be available? Are there any hard indicators?

Li Jianwei: There are absolute hard indicators, but some things are very important for our era. First of all, you have to have a compassionate heart, because we are aimed at nature and we are targeting people. Nature deserves our respect, and nature also needs us to protect it. As long as we care about what we do, it may cause harm to nature.

This heart of compassion, I think it is an important basic condition for every designer, especially landscape designers, is the same for people. We design the environment of people. We are shaping the human heart. This environment has nothing to do with people. When people use it, they will communicate with others and have an emotional response.

So what you designed is quite influential to a person's growth, especially for children, and young people. Space can bring happiness and feel sad; some space can relieve stress, and some space make people depressed; the emotions of various life can be reflected in the space. So when we design these landscapes, we must treat nature with a very devout heart, and at the same time treat our audiences and users with a caring heart. In this case, you can effectively create good works come out.

Of course, there are some technical requirements. You have to have certain technical knowledge and skills to make a project well. That is to say, professional knowledge should also pay attention to. If it is because of your lack of technology or your skill is not enough, then you may lose a lot of opportunities and waste a lot of resources. At the same time, it may cause damage to the land and harm to individuals. For example, are you designed? Is it for the elderly, children, and women? Will they live in your scene due to your negligence? These technical levels must be learned, and many of our designers now do not have the technical capabilities in this area.

The landscape is our responsibility for the society, bringing welfare to others, and making life better. It is conditional to create better things. To maximize the value from various aspects such as economy, culture, society, etc., it is enough to get a good design. In short, designers that can be achieved in the aspects of welfare, health, safety, non -endangering public interests, etc. can meet the standards of this profession. In this regard, we still have a long way to go.

5. The relationship between manual and nature

World Household Network: Indeed, these hard indicators you are talking about are very important, and the first point is the protection of nature, attention to people, and many of your articles mentioned the relationship between manual and nature, so artificially is our day after tomorrow. The creation is naturally available. There is a word called "ingenuity". I think this should be the highest standard for a craftsman or a designer because it is in line with nature, it is in line with people, it is in line with human harmony between nature and nature. I found that when many articles, when it can be reflected in the work, when is the harmonious concept of man and nature born? Or what do you think is the relationship between manual and nature?

Li Jianwei: Actually, we are usually busy, especially in the past few decades, basically they are busy projects. In the past few decades, the fastest development of our country has decades, and it is also our design industry, especially landscape design. Teachers have grown up, and everyone has been busy for decades. But I have a habit. Once I am idle, once I have a little chance, I will go out to see, go to the places where others have not been to, and see those pure natural things. It is too dirty secular air.

Everyone will be affected in a more secular environment. The pursuit of wealth, fame and profit, and various greedy mentality will emerge. Only in the middle of nature can you truly feel the charm of nature. Communication with nature is actually a process of washing your soul. In the past, I basically traveled all over the country. I have been to about 2/3 countries in the world. Whether it is some historic landscapes or pure natural landscapes, I have seen a lot. I think the process of washing the mind is very important for a designer, because sometimes you don't know that you have gone too far, so you have to pull yourself back and return to me. Respecting nature, talents can truly find the source of the design. I think the nutrition from the middle of nature is very important for a designer. If you stay away from nature, you will find that what you make is often too anxious, too fragile, and no vitality. I have also thought deeply about the question you mentioned just now. After doing this life, what is the design for, and we have contributed to nature? Or do you want to confront nature? Actually not. The ultimate purpose of design is to get along well with nature and accompany nature. You don't want to move it in many good things in nature, but it is not to say that the good things of nature are enough for us. Human development is always endless; human demand is always changing. In addition to natural things, we also need a lot of people. In fact, what we created is such an environment where nature goes by. In a pure natural environment, it is difficult for people to live. In a deep mountain wild forest, do you think people can exist happily? It's all the heavens! People come out of nature and gradually create more suitable living spaces, so we need design, we need to continue to create a new and better environment. However, this will not reduce our respect and protection of nature, and the two must go hand in hand.

6. The conflict between new design and regional humanities

World Housewell Network: Just now you talk about the relationship between man and nature, then the conversation between people and nature, slowly forming some of the humanities you just said, the accumulation of humanistic things, you slowly become some History has also achieved the characteristics of many regions of culture and regions. You have also said that you basically traveled 2/3 of our world's land, and you must see a lot about the accumulation of this history. Therefore, the protection and development of the human environment of history and culture will have conflicts for our design, or how can we get both into consideration between the two?

Li Jianwei: I think this conflict always exists, and it is not a bad thing. There will be harmony with conflicts, and there will be progress in conflict. The development process of the entire human history is a process of continuous evolution of contradictions. We must take the conflict carefully; some conflicts should be maintained deliberately; some need to avoid. Conflict is a source of development. If there is no conflict, everything has been solidified, what else do you want to design? There is no need to design. Therefore, it is better to find a balance between this contradictory process or to find a breakthrough. It is a question that every designer should seriously think. But how to find this balance, I think everyone will have their own way.

My method is like this: On the one hand, I agree with the absolute and 100 % pure natural nature. I think a lot of natural space people should not go in, because we humans are just a small group in the entire nature of nature. For example, there are more viruses than us, and there are more bacteria than us. Plants, the number of it is also more than our human beings. Other creatures in nature need space. If we have occupied all the space in the world and given to individuals, then other creatures will lose the ownership of the space for survival. Therefore, there must be a part of the thing that is absolutely protected and not allowed to intervene. Because human intervention always causes a lot of harm to other creatures. My attitude towards this point is resolute. I think it is to absolutely protect these high -quality natural heritage, that is, not letting people enter, this is the first aspect.

Another aspect of urban space, or human space is completely different from nature. There are not too many "nature" in the city space, because you have a bunch of so -called "natural" in the city. In fact, it is not natural, and some creatures in those spaces are not very satisfied with you. People cannot coexist with tigers in the city, nor can they coexist with lions. Why do we have to emphasize the so -called "urban nature" in the urban space? It is actually impossible to achieve that purpose. And sometimes you do what you do will be counterproductive. The impact on people often often cause isolation and interference with each other. For example, what park cities that are popular now are dozens of or hundreds of hectares of large parks, green spaces, etc., and they can hardly see people, purely wasteful resources. I hope to see some natural fragments, or "urban wilderness" in the city, which is a natural mark and a natural gene library. It does not require manual maintenance.

7. The harvest of overseas experience

World Renju.com: Speaking of your overseas experience, you have also learned that your achievements in foreign countries can be said to be fruitful. So what do you think is your gain during this time? Li Jianwei: The design industry in the United States is actually not as bright as people imagined. Such an industry is sought after, but a very obscure industry. Everyone calms down and really makes every design. No matter how small this design is, they will use a lot of time and thoughts to consider all aspects, and then do it very delicate. , Very happy. Once it is completed, it will not be outdated for decades. And the experience over there tells me that whether it is a landscape designer, or an architect, or a planner, the design will have a very harmonious cooperation process. Everyone takes the initiative to cooperate and share all their thoughts with the entire team, which will let everyone think about issues at one level; those who learn the landscape can give opinions with architects, and can give opinions to the municipality; You can give views to the landscape designer. Everyone can communicate with each other and avoid many problems.

8. The driving of landscape space design and regional economic development

World Renju.com: I am particularly interested in your article, that is, you write Hainan. After reading it, according to my understanding, in fact, you want to express a relationship between a regional economic development and landscape space design. This is Two points make me particularly curious, because when it comes to the development of the regional economy, I will naturally think about traveling, trade, and so on. You can analyze it from such a special professional point from the landscape design, so I will pass it through If you want to ask you this, what is the inevitable connection between landscape design and regional economic development?

Li Jianwei: The people who used to be a garden in the past were limited to the courtyard, designed some stones, water systems, engaged in some small bridges, flowers and plants, and built two pavilions. It was the earliest garden major and was very narrow. Later The water system, and the green space system of the entire city extends to every corner of the city. Now we include rural and scenic spots into the design again; and we have begun to consider the land. The entire land is a big landscape.

As a geographical term "landscape", it is all -encompassing, as small as flowers, birds, fish and insects, and large body weather. The concept of landscape has enlarged our industry. From the perspective of space, we have extended to the entire earth and the cosmic starry sky. On the ground, everything that can be seen is the landscape, the sun is also the landscape, the moon is also the landscape, the stars are also landscape, and the air flow is also the landscape. So there is no room for landscape, which is the first point.

Secondly, we used to think that the landscape was a fun, good -looking visual landscape, and the so -called public space we are now involved is the outdoor environment and ecology, as well as the function and life of the city; of. Therefore, the landscape is not just a beautiful and fun thing. It has functionality and has become the whole of life. It has become a more diversified and more comprehensive industry. Therefore, from this perspective, the economy is one of the scope you consider. If your landscape design and project planning have nothing to do with the economy, no one hires you. People hope that the design you do can bring economic benefits, bring development to the place, bring actual changes in people's livelihood, and bring ecological improvement. The needs of all aspects have become a part of the landscape, so you suddenly find that the landscape designer has become particularly great, right? If you consider the value of a small project or the value of a city, or consider the value of a province, it is logical to incorporate your thinking scope and become incomparable.

In the past, we have done a lot of projects in Hainan, and we often study how Hainan should develop. I found that our past projects were all along the coast, and a lot of hotels were used to use Binhai resources. So many resources in Hainan are concentrated in the Binhai one to make a hotel? I started to question all of the past. First of all, I found that the homogeneity of the hotel is very serious; there are many quantities, but the model is basically the same, which is the store. People left after two days and three days, and I still didn't have much impression on this place. So how do you continue to develop? I think the upgrade of the hotel is to develop comprehensive benefits, to become a resort, and to become a scenic spot, so I started to consider the interaction between Hainan's hinterland with these hotels. There are many villages inland, many forests and water systems. Various resources can extend each other. A single hotel becomes a resort and scenic spots.

Therefore, we have made some hotel transformation in Hainan so that they can become a tourist product that is more in line with the needs of the market. People can live for a week or even take a vacation in it. Experience. This in -depth experience brings economic value to the local area. Passengers should be golf in it, or they still have to go out of the outing, or go to horse riding, or go to the farmhouse to experience the farming culture. All kinds of things turn it into a complex. Essence

With this idea, we have done a lot of successful projects and have been appreciated by many people. After that, I started to question again. I think these things are not enough. Hainan is so big. Why is it limited to such a little thing? Then I started to consider what the entire resources in Hainan Province are. In the end, I found that the largest land area of ​​the local area was farm reclamation. As a result, he began to contact with farmers and found that the resources of farmers have not been excavated. They are the largest landlords, but the benefits are the lowest. Relying on agriculture, it is impossible to generate too much economic benefits. The low mountain areas in the middle of the local area are the best agricultural areas. A large number of agriculture, a large number of landscape resources, and mountains and rivers are all idle in that place. So I tried to connect the central agricultural area into a ring and string the ring of the sea below. If there are many agricultural leisure resorts in it, it is the second local growth pole. In addition to this growth pole, Hainan has a five -finger mountain, a forest area, and a pure natural area on the top of the mountain. I drew another ring in that place, and then stringing the forest resources to form a good tourist ring. After these three rings are linked, Hainan has three growth poles.

In fact, many economic problems, it is not only a matter of economists, it is likely to be a spatial issue, so our designers must participate in local economic development, understand the space and resources, and consider the area from the perspective of space develop. Landscape designers are an economist. They must understand what value and prospects of space bring to us, and how to make a place living in a place through space planning. After you know the space clearly, through your design, through the plan, these places can generate maximum value.

9. Live in water -the use of "water" in landscape design

World Renju.com: I just talked about many of the projects you designed, such as like Datong there is a River Wetland Park, as well as the Moon Bay Wetland Park in Xiangyang, Hubei. The element allows you to apply it appropriately, so in the landscape design of the water, do you have your own opinion?

Li Jianwei: In fact, it is very simple. Our country is a country with lack of water resources. From the rate of per capita water resources, China only accounts for about 25%of the world average. ,This is the first point.

The second point is that water is the basis of ecology. Without water, there is no ecology, let alone biological diversity, community structure, bi quantity, and so on. Water is the support of all life. If you do a good job of water, your ecology can be done well.

Then, the third point is also the most valued in our traditional Chinese landscape culture, because water can generate artistic conception, water can generate imagination, and water can make your thoughts sublimate. From an artistic perspective, water is also very important.

So as soon as I have a chance, I have to do this article well. After doing this article, I think the soul of this project is available, but it does not mean that every place must have a lot of water scenery. Sometimes a drop of water is also a water scene. The key is how to make it well, then you need you to have a very superb creative ability. Where is this drop? What form? What are the scenes around? What kind of benefits can be produced? This is to be very cautious, be stingy, and don't waste it. All resources should be used carefully to make it maximize value.

Li Jianwei: In 1995, he received a master's degree in landscape art from the University of Minnesota, a member of the American registered landscape planning designer and a member of the American Landscape Designer Association (ASLA). The leader of the well -known contemporary landscape planning designer, the leader of "ecological design and art integration", advocates the maximum landscape design of the balance of artificial structure and natural structure. design. He is currently the chief designer of the East Design (East Design), an expert in the Landscape of the State Forest Cao Bureau, and the director of the World Household Think Tank.

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