School -enterprise cooperation must not have to take deep policy supply

On May 1 this year, the newly revised Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China began to implement, which is the first revision in the 26 years of the law. The revised vocational education law has almost three times the original law. It has made detailed provisions of the definition, implementation, subject, protection, and responsibility of vocational education, which greatly improves the operability of the law. Among them, Article 4 includes seven "persistence" and one "implementation", including "adherence to the integration of production and education, school -enterprise cooperation", defining the basic paradigm of vocational education with Chinese characteristics, and Article 40 further stipulates that "vocational schools The implementation of vocational training institutions should focus on the integration of production and education and implement school -enterprise cooperation. " Logically, the integration of production and education and school -enterprise cooperation are the demeanor of vocational education. The integration of production and education and school -enterprise cooperation are not only the basic form of school -running in vocational education in my country, but also the advantage of my country's vocational education. However, in reality, the integration of production and education is long -term, and school -enterprise cooperation is ups and downs.

Mr. Huang Yanpei, a pioneer of Chinese vocational education pioneers in modern Chinese vocational education, said in the "Solid Opinions of Proposal to Consultation of Large Vocational Educationism", "" Only work in vocational schools, can not develop vocational education; , Workers and business professionals, can not develop vocational education. " With the poor vocational education of schools, education, and industries alone, it is necessary to integrate production and education and cooperate in schools and enterprises. During the planned economy period, various education at all levels in my country was co -organized by industry departments and education departments. Among them, technical schools and technical schools organized by industry departments and state -owned enterprises are the main forms of vocational education. In 1980, the State Council approved the "Report on the Reform of the Secondary Education Structure" of the Ministry of Education and the General Administration of Labor, which pointed out that "the reform of the secondary education structure is imperative. It is necessary to make the state running schools and business departments, factory and mining enterprises, and people's commune running together." In 1984, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China "Decision on the Reform of the Economic System" established an ownership structure with public ownership as the main body and various economic components, but state -owned enterprises are still the mainstay. During this period, the vocational education organized by the industry and enterprises is no different from the government. Most of the school -running costs are borne by industry enterprises. Integration and school -enterprise cooperation.

With the deepening of state -owned enterprises' reforms, state -owned enterprise running schools began to be stripped as the social functions of enterprises. In 1999, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Decision on Several Issues of State -owned Enterprises' Reform and Development", which required the establishment of a modern enterprise system to make enterprises a legal entity and market entity of independent operations and self -profit and loss. Enterprises must gradually transfer the schools, hospitals, and other social service agencies they run to local governments' overall management. " In 2003, the SASAC fulfilled the duties of the investor, the supervision of the state -owned assets of the supervision of the state -owned assets of the supervision of the company was preserved and appreciated, and further promoted the peeling of non -operating assets of state -owned enterprises. In 2016, the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Social Functions of State -owned Enterprises and Solving the Work Plan for Historical Remons" issued by the State Council requested that "the public service institutions such as the state -owned enterprises to run medical care and education". There is no problem with the reform of state -owned enterprises and divestitudes of the social functions itself. The problem is that the vocational education of the enterprise's education is simply planned into the "school". Article 9 of the current Vocational Education Law stipulates that "the country's role in the role of an important school for enterprises, promote enterprises to participate in vocational education in depth, and encourage enterprises to organize high -quality vocational education." In particular, central enterprises are quickly withdrawing from vocational education, and some resources are lost or idle.

Fortunately, in recent years, the one -size -fits -all policy has been loosened, and some places have made a good exploration in supporting the running of industry enterprises. In 2021, the "Opinions on Promoting the High -quality Development of Modern Vocational Education" issued by the Central Office and the General Office of the State Council stated that "encouraging listed companies and industry leaders to organize vocational education", "state -owned asset supervision and management institutions must support enterprises to participate and organize the holding of enterprises Vocational education. Most of the public -owned vocational colleges organized by local state -owned enterprises have been supported by local public finances.

Of course, industry enterprises can have multiple forms and diverse choices to participate in vocational education, so that companies with their willingness and ability to organize vocational education smoothly and easily should become the goal of formulating and improvement of public policy formulation. At present, enterprises are also facing some difficulties in participating and organizing vocational education: First, the issue of "legal and reasonableness". Educational policies encourage industry enterprises to organize vocational education and industrial policies to divesty in the industry for long -term coexistence, and the vocational education of enterprises in the industry has not stopped. Some schools are still under the management and assessment of the departments within the enterprise. The second is the issue of running school funds. In 1997, the "Regulations on the School of Social Power" stipulated that state -owned assets running schools charged in accordance with public school management and public standards. The average biological funding subsidy, the company's investment has no source. Although the third revised "Interim Provisions on Educational Education Additional" in 2011, although it is clear that the education department paid by the enterprise can be returned as appropriate by the education department according to its school running situation, but because there are no implementation rules, most places have not been implemented. The third is the problem of insufficient school ability. In the market background, school -enterprise cooperation can only last long by "win -win". However, most vocational schools, in addition to graduates, are very small "benefits" that can bring to cooperative companies. The long -term buyer market has made enterprises lack enthusiasm for active participation in vocational education. In any case, the integration of production and education and school -enterprise cooperation are the only way for vocational education. The selection of production and education integration enterprises and cities of production and education, which shows the determination of the state to promote the integration of application -oriented education and the integration of production education and school -enterprise cooperation. The newly revised vocational education law has enriched the content of encouraging and supporting enterprises to participate in and organized vocational education, involving job settings, school -running funds, educational costs, tax and fees, and government subsidies.

It should be said that the direction of the country's supporting industry enterprises to participate and organize vocational education is clear. Driven by the advocacy and project promotion of the education department, the school -enterprise cooperation at the school level is also continuously promoted, but the degree of consistency of professional structure and industrial structure, student knowledge ability quality and job requirements, and support for the sustainable development of students, and supporting the sustainable development of students. The ability of vocational colleges to service enterprises and product upgrades is still unsatisfactory, and education departments and vocational colleges at all levels need to be accelerated. As far as industrial policies are concerned, there is still a big gap between the trend and insufficient supply. The lack of national operational rules has caused the promotion of public policies to promote. We are looking forward to the coordination of the Inter -Professional Education Ministry of the State Council ’s Professional Education Ministry of Vocational Education, and relevant national departments continue to increase the strong operating policy supply, promote national laws and central opinions to better implement the landing, greatly promote the integration of vocational education, education, school Enterprise cooperation.

(Author: Lin Yu, a doctoral student at the School of Education of Tianjin University, Deputy Director of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education)

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