Vocational school students, have you internship in the summer -what to help the school enterprise "go to two -way go"

On May 12, the mechanical processing teachers of the Vocational Education Center of Jiaozuo City, Henan Province were guiding students to conduct practical training in industrial robots. Xu Hongxing Photo/Light Picture

On June 17, students conducted live training in the e -commerce professional training room from Jiangxian County Vocational and Technical School in the Miao and Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province in Guizhou Province. Dragon Meng Pre -Photo/Light Picture

On July 11, students conducted car maintenance training from Jiangxian County Vocational and Technical School in the Miao and Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province in Guizhou Province. Lu Zhongnan Photo/Guangming Picture

[Focus on the development of vocational education]

At the beginning of the new semester, Li Yang will become a student of a graduate of a vocational college in Tianjin. In his words, "Don't be too busy this summer vacation." He has been working in business internships in school. "This is not the first internship. It feels good. It can let me feel the work atmosphere earlier and skilled the skills I learned as soon as possible."

In fact, as long as vocational education is mentioned, the integration of production and education, and school -enterprise cooperation must be one of the keywords that cannot be around. It is the basic school running model of vocational education, and it is also the most prominent advantage of vocational education. It is also the key to running vocational education. In recent years, my country's vocational education undertakings have developed rapidly, but the integration of production and education is inconsistent, and the school -enterprise cooperation has always been a disease that restricts the high -quality development of vocational education, leading to a certain degree of disconnection from talent training and social needs.

In order to promote the high -quality development of vocational education, the 34th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress approved the newly revised vocational education law, clarified the role of the important school entity of the enterprise, promoted the in -depth participation of vocational education in enterprises, encouraged enterprises to organize the holding of enterprises High -quality vocational education.

"What does the cooperation between production and education and unsuitable cooperation between schools and enterprises." What is the performance? What should we do to solve this problem?

1. Lack of long -term support, school -enterprise cooperation floats in the shallow layer

"As an independent market entity, it is difficult for the school and enterprise to quickly find the balance point of interest during the cooperation process, which leads to the seemingly full of enthusiasm for cooperation. Linkong, director of the Institute of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education.

This view was recognized by Nie Wei of the Institute of Education and Continuing Education of the Chinese Academy of Education and Science. "Enterprises are facing the predicament of the integration of production and education. The integration of production and education is more conducive to talent training. It is an educational behavior based on the school's position. This has a certain contradiction with the company's market operating subject." The sound in the process of integration of production and education and school -enterprise cooperation is not easy to hear. The phenomenon of "school -led and enterprise cooperation" is common, making the integration of production and education floating to a certain extent.

"The cost and benefits of enterprises are more difficult to balance and affect the willingness to cooperate. Due to insufficient support policies such as tax discounts and fund compensation, the input and output of corporate participation in vocational education are difficult to balance. In addition, enterprises in -depth participation in order training and apprenticeship training students The stability after joining is often not proportional to the company's early investment, and the pressure of enterprises is greater. "Chi Yunxia, ​​Governor of Hebei University of Industry and Technology, said:" Some vocational colleges are setting up, talent training, technical research and development, and social services. In terms of, there is a lack of effective docking with the actual needs of the enterprise, and there is still a small gap between the talents and technical services provided. This has led to the high degree of matching the level of school running, service capabilities and enterprise development, and lack of long -term support for cooperation. "

Liu Xiao, deputy dean of the Academy of Education of Zhejiang University of Technology, added that at present, the "advanced school fever" thinking of vocational education has led to the phenomenon of "inverted" in the willingness of cooperation in vocational colleges and enterprises. The "cold enterprise heat" has exacerbated the tendency of cooperation to float on the surface.

Liu Xiao believes that the key issue that restricts the depth and sustainability of school -enterprise cooperation is that the incentive policy of school -enterprise cooperation cannot be landed well at the grassroots level, and it is difficult to guarantee and regulate the behavior of school -enterprise cooperation. In reality The unclear issues of power and interests have led to unstable cooperative relationship between school -enterprise and enterprise.

"School -enterprise cooperation generally presents 'loose -type'." Linkong concluded: "The foundation of cooperation between many enterprises and vocational colleges is not really based on enterprise development needs, industrial development needs, and vocational colleges. Cooperators have its' table 'and lack of its', and the model that truly meets the needs of school -enterprise cooperation in my country is still very scarce. "

2. What is the same?

"School -enterprise cooperation is one of the most critical and complicated issues in the field of vocational education development. It is difficult to deepen school -enterprise cooperation, and it is also the result of the impact of multiple factor intertwined." On the one hand, since the peeling of the school -enterprise in the 1990s Enterprises emphasize more production independence, so as to lack enough understanding of their subject responsibility for vocational education. On the other hand, with the expansion of ordinary higher education, my country's vocational education was once in a difficult situation in running a school. The level of running schools in vocational colleges is not enough to be attractive to enterprises. The needs of enterprise development.

The school -enterprise cooperation "is not deep" further connects the deep problem of "integration and incompatibility" in integration of production and education. Liu Xiao pointed out that although the current policy level provides "combination boxing" incentives for enterprises participating in school -enterprise cooperation, the choice of cooperative companies in reality is still a certain blindness. +Land+Credit "different dependence of many elements, there is a" one -size -fits -all "phenomenon. "For example, enterprises with high technical content, good production technology, and good foundation for production and education, such as large and medium -sized enterprises, Fortune 500 companies, in reality, facing problems such as technical iteration and industrial upgrading. For vocational colleges, especially the low labor dependence of vocational training, and the enthusiasm of school -enterprise cooperation is not high. And those companies in those 'climbing' are facing technical upgrades and the iteration of employment skills. The internal drive is stronger. "" The integration of production and education, and the in -depth problems of school -enterprise cooperation have not been effectively cracked. "Chi Yunxia also explicitly pointed out that there are still policy gap in vocational education joint -stock system and mixed ownership. The physical operation, school -enterprise resources want to merge. The communication and integration mechanism between production and education is not sound, and the mechanisms of industry talent needs and technical research information release have not yet been established.

3. "Two -way Going" more need to make efforts from the corporate end

"The newly revised and implemented vocational education law multiply and promote enterprise schools, providing realistic guidance and legal guarantee for the difficulty of cracking school -enterprise cooperation." Chi Yunxia believes that the key to cracking in the dilemma of in -depth cooperation in schools and enterprises is to ensure vocational education education. The law is truly implemented to motivate enterprises to participate in the training process of talent training, and truly make it difficult for enterprises to participate in the legal level.

Nie Wei suggested that the supply of effective policies should be further increased and the coordination and systemicity of the integration of production and education should be strengthened.加快研制出台混合所有制办学文件，积极探索培育混合所有制、股份制办学案例，从而对产教融合涉及方的投入分担、产出分配、风险分担等给出原则性安排，防范系统风险，解放生产力，为All parties create development space.

"To truly implement the incentive policies of the integration of production and education, we must focus on solving three key issues." Liu Xiao pointed out that one is to clarify the standards and regulations, formulate enterprises to perform vocational education social responsibility standards, and clarify the list of responsibilities for enterprises to participate in vocational education; The second is to introduce the incentive policy, improve the compensation mechanism of vocational education interests, clarify the rights of enterprises to participate in vocational education subjects, and implement the reward mechanism for enterprises to perform vocational education social responsibilities; third, strengthen evaluation and supervision, strengthen the supervision and management of corporate social responsibility for vocational education, and identify Mechanisms, exit mechanisms, and strengthening the transfer of technical transfer and training can be approved and protected.

Nie Wei believes that the integration of production and education and in -depth cooperation between schools and enterprises need to work more from the enterprise. On the one hand, differentiation establishs a long -term mechanism for enterprises to participate in the integration of production and education. Due to the policies of enterprises, incentive factors such as finance, finance, land, credit, and reputation, different incentive measures for enterprises of different scale and development stages can make companies involved in the integration of production and education. On the other hand, vocational schools should target industrial changes and optimize the direction of industrial upgrading, and provide enterprises with a favorable environment and greater motivation for enterprises to participate in the vocational education process.

Chi Yunxia provides new ideas for promoting school -enterprise cooperation paths. She believes that relying on the support of vocational education and innovation and development of vocational education and innovation in some provinces, and supporting enterprises to organize or participate in the holding of high -quality vocational education in the support of mixed ownership reforms and the physical education group's physical operation. Promote the implementation of rich experience, reduce risks and reduce costs.

(Reporter Jin Haotian Newspaper Correspondent Su Renxin)

- END -