The employment rate stops for three consecutive years and is stopped. Is this "standard" standard?

A professional good or bad evaluation should be multi -dimensional

If students from a major are generally difficult to get employment after graduation, does this major still have the value of opening? Is the employment rate as the main criterion for professional evaluation reasonable? Recently, a notice on the reform of colleges and universities has caused widespread discussion.

Anhui Provincial People's Government's Notice on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan of the Innovation and Development of the Disciplinary Structure Reform Service Industry (2022-2025) (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"). The notice states that the proportion of enrollment plans for the top ten major disciplines related to emerging industries year by year, the increase in enrollment plans is mainly tilted to colleges and universities in key areas, and tilted to universities with significant results in the cultivation of urgent needs. It is necessary to control the scales of discipline majors with insufficient social needs and low employment orientation, and a professional suspension of enrollment with a professional enrollment of employment for 3 consecutive years.

The above practice is accused of setting up the discipline and majors at the employment rate. In fact, Anhui is not the first province to launch relevant policies. In recent years, the Ministry of Education has paid more attention to strengthening employment orientation. To some extent, this may also mean further turning of school positioning. However, some experts have proposed that the practice of directly stopping the recruitment may be a bit simple and rude.

Stop recruiting less than 60%?

In the context of the development of colleges, professional reform and elimination are also normal. Shi Jinghuan, a professor at the School of Education of Tsinghua University, once pointed out that it is a bigger problem that the professionalism is finally eliminated.

According to the China Youth Daily, in the past five years, 83 universities have canceled public business management. According to the report, this large and complete major has become a priority choice for some colleges and universities to pursue professional expansion. "Some professional settings are not considered from the development of professional disciplines and the purpose of talent training. The purpose of utilitarianization. "

In Anhui Province, this notice clearly states that "the scale of enrollment of disciplines with insufficient social demand and low employment goalization rate is low, and the employment goal implementation rate for 3 consecutive years has been suspended from enrollment."

The notice also pointed out that one of the goals of the reform is that by 2025, the layout structure of higher education is more reasonable. Eligible colleges and universities have transformed into application type in depth, and the matching of regional functional positioning and industrial layout of colleges and universities has increased significantly.

However, whether the employment rate index alone is sufficient to fully evaluate the pros and cons of professionalism, this is also the question of many people. The actual extension of this practice is: Should university education take employment as the main orientation? In addition, is 3 years a sufficient inspection cycle?

Liang Tingfu, an expert in the promotion plan, told China News Weekly that the revocation of colleges and universities needs to be demonstrated for a certain time. Even the "public institutional management" major, the number of employment rates in recent years It is revoked. At the same time, in recent years, due to the influence of the outbreak and economic downturn, university employment is generally not ideal, and the employment of college liberal arts is worse. At this time, we use 3 years as a time cycle to evaluate the good or bad of a professional. Obviously unfair and unscientific.

Judging from the "Anhui Undergraduate Professional Layout and Requirements Analysis Report (2021)" released by the Employment Guidance Platform of the Graduate Graduate of Anhui Province (2021), the majors of the employment rate are bright "red lights", including 58.89%of the law, martial arts and ethnic groups Traditional sports 56.06%, information engineering 54.00%, trade economy 50.79%, Arabic 50.00%, sculpture 50.00%, finance (international finance) 47.46%, national economic management 44.19%, English (translation) 33.33%, finance (rural areas (rural areas Finance) 0.00%.

The plan in the above notice also has a statement of professional adjustment: To increase the adjustment of the disciplinary and professional stock, the specific method is to improve the "warning list" system of the discipline and majors, improve the disciplinary withdrawal mechanism, and the demand is small, the level is not high, and the benefits of benefits Disciplines with bad and competitive disciplines implement restrictions, enrollment, and suspension of enrollment every year. Disciplinary points that are not adapted to economic and social development, departure school direction, low level of school running, and leaving the needs of social needs. Continue to promote dynamic adjustment of doctoral degree authorization points.

However, on the other hand, the plan is also clear that it is necessary to protect and develop unpopular disciplines with important cultural values ​​and inheritance of Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, archeology, emblem, non -heritage, poetics, and opera.

In recent years, the low employment rate has often corresponded to the popularization of higher education, that is, the expansion of universities. In 2022, the number of college graduates has reached 10.76 million.

In addition, some cutting -edge majors that have just set up may also be as good as expected in the initial stage. Li Jun, a graduate of a key university in Anhui, is the second graduate of the university's leisure sports major. This is a cross -disciplinary discipline that includes the planning and organization of leisure sports projects, such as outdoor expansion.

As social capital continues to influx into the sports industry, leisure sports are also regarded as a venture on industrial development. However, in Li Jun's opinion, due to insufficient support for teaching experience and teachers, "the course content is broad." At least in the first three sessions, the employment rate of students is not ideal, and there are few employment with professional counterparts.

Multi -province post -adjustment majors

In fact, Anhui is not the first province to launch a professional province with employment rate, and 60%of the standard settings are also available.

As early as 2011, the Ministry of Education proposed that it will explore the establishment of the annual report system for the employment and key industry talents of college graduates, and improve the professional dynamic adjustment and early warning and exit mechanism. The reducing enrollment plan is stopped until the recruitment is stopped. In addition to Anhui, some provinces have issued relevant notices and opinions.

In May of this year, the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education issued the "Guidance Measures for Optimization and Adjustment of Undergraduate Professional Structures of General College (Trial)", which mentioned that it was a low -quality specialty for the reduction of excess and low -quality unsatisfactory positions. For professional points with a graduation goal implementation rate of less than 50%, a yellow card reminder is given, and the college enrollment plan is deducted accordingly; a professional point with a professional point with less than 50%of the graduation and dendial implementation rate of two consecutive years, a red card warning, or ordering it to stop the enrollment.

Other provinces have not given quantified solutions. For example, in Fujian Province, it is proposed to urge colleges and universities to adjust the disciplinary majors with low levels of schooling, low level of school running, and low graduation. Universities should establish and improve the disciplinary withdrawal mechanism, and formulate and improve relevant exit methods.

The "Red Card" major mainly refers to the high risk of unemployment in the employment rate, the employment rate continues to decline, and the low salary is the opposite of the "green card" major. The "2022 Chinese Undergraduate Employment Report" released by the Michael Research Institute shows that in 2022, undergraduate employment red card majors include Chinese international education, painting, application psychology, music performance, law; Education, English education, Chinese education, legal affairs.

According to statistics, undergraduate paintings, music performances, law majors, and higher vocational Chinese education and legal affairs majors have been "red cards" for 5 consecutive years. In contrast, undergraduate information security and network engineering; social sports of higher vocational colleges have been shortlisted for the "green card" major for 5 consecutive years.

The results of the undergraduate majors and approval results released by the Ministry of Education in 2021 showed that a total of 1961 professional points were added in that year. Among them, 29 universities in Anhui Province added 78 new undergraduate majors, and 8 universities added 9 newly approved undergraduate majors.

In addition, a total of 804 undergraduate majors have been revoked, which is the highest in recent years. From 2017 to 2021, 2346 undergraduate professional points have been revoked. That year, 14 universities in Anhui Province also revoked 46 undergraduate majors.

"An Anhui University of Undergraduate Professional Layout and Requirements Analysis Report (2021)" pointed out that the number of graduates ranked in the province's number of graduates in the second, third, and fourth management, literature, and science The corresponding employment rates of the corresponding graduates are ranked seventh, tenth and ninth respectively. The number of graduates of disciplines is not proportional to the ranking of their initial employment rates. To a certain extent, the development of these disciplines may have been greater than the phenomenon of supply.

Who will determine professional adjustment

Compared with the red line designated by the Ministry of Education, Anhui Province has another year of inspection. The difference is that the former stipulates a relatively gradual way.

Xiong Bingqi, dean of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, introduced to China News Weekly that after the red line of "two years below 60%", my country's higher education community has always been controversial. In favor believes that the major of graduates with poor employment prospects, of course, should be reduced or stopped, and the employment situation is already very bad. It is not responsible for students. The opponents believe that the good or bad of the specialty of employment can not be evaluated by employment, and the employment is "life and death", which will give birth to utilitarian learning and employment to implement the statistics of the employment.

Simply determine the fate of professionalism with the implementation rate of employment, and there are many issues that need attention. Xiong Bingqi said that the positioning of different universities in different universities is different. For example, colleges and universities for elite education should deal with students to conduct general education, and to guide students instead of employment -oriented. Universities that conduct vocational education, including higher vocational colleges, vocational undergraduates, and undergraduates, are suitable for the use of employment to implement the target to determine whether the professional is reduced, stopped, or even suspended.

Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Education and Science, believes that the professional setting is related to its history and existing resources. It is too single to set the employment rate, and it is also suspected of "one knife".

"For example, the employment rate of the same major in four schools is 50%, so at most, it can only be revoked the major of the two schools. If this requirement, the majors of the four schools must be removed. In fact The demand has caused new problems. "Chu Zhaohui said.

For example, Xiong Bingqi said that, such as the major of law and finance, from the overall point of view, it has belonged to the "unpopular" major for supply. , Law, finance or advantageous majors, graduates have good employment prospects. If you treat the same type of major in one shot, this is not conducive to encourage each university to run its own professional characteristics.

In Chu Zhaohui's view, what is more important is who this power should be in, "whether the school or the administrative department decides the setting of this major or revoke it." He said that if the school has undergone professional assessments, such as a major in a similar school, there is insufficient teachers, and it is difficult to have new development in the future. The school can decide to revoke this major, and it does not have to be three years.

Xiong Bingqi also believes that for universities, setting up majors is educational affairs and academic affairs. Therefore, the school's professor committee and academic committee should be responsible, and they cannot be decided by the administrative department. The professor committee and the academic committee shall combine the school's school positioning, school conditions, and information provided by government departments, and listen to the opinions of teachers and students to fully demonstrate the new professional or revoke professional. "In this way, it can avoid the new major of" popular "in the school. It also avoids everyone from running away from the so -called" unpopular "major." He said.

"Gold Cup and Silver Cup is not as good as the people's reputation". In Liang Tingfu's view, a professional good or bad evaluation should be multi -dimensional. In addition to the employment rate, there are teachers, historical heritage, further studies, the quality of thesis, the number of academicians, industry rankings, etc.

Liberal arts or further cooling

"Difficult employment of liberal arts students" has always been a hot topic in recent years. Some opinions believe that if the employment rate is the standard for professional depository, it may further cause the liberal arts to cool down. In Chu Zhaohui's view, this concern has its factual basis.

In April of this year, some netizens suggested that "Anhui Province should take measures to reduce the enrollment scores of the college entrance examination" in the "Leadership Board" of the People's Daily Online.

The netizen said that in recent years, the admission rate of Anhui College Entrance Examination has maintained a stable pattern, but the enrollment of Anhui College Entrance Examination still has the actual situation of science and engineering and neglecting the enrollment of liberal arts. Especially in the past three years, there is a huge gap between the undergraduate scores of Anhui College Entrance Examination and the admission of science enrollment. Taking 2021 as an example, the undergraduate line liberal arts 519 points, the science and engineering 415 points, the gap between the two reached 104 points. Reasons: Although there is a certain relationship with the difficulty of the examination papers of the liberal arts and sciences, the root cause is that the undergraduate enrollment plan has been more than liberal arts in the undergraduate stage over the years.

In response, the Education Department of Anhui Province responded that since the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan", with the continuous adjustment of the national industrial structure, the needs of the society's graduates of science and engineering and applied disciplines are becoming increasingly strong, and the demand for liberal arts students Small, and the general college enrollment plan is the national instruction plan. In the future, it will further guide the school to guide the high school students to scientifically and reasonably select the liberal arts science and selection subjects, and strive to enable the proportion of the science and science students of the college entrance examination in Anhui Province to the social needs.

"Analysis Report and Requirements Analysis Report (2021)" shows that as of March 2021, the province's undergraduate engineering major major in general universities accounted for 36.30%(35.90%in 2020), followed by management The science category, science doors, and art science categories account for 15.52%, 11.71%, and 11.29%(15.67%, 11.88%, 11.12%in 2020). The advantages are obvious, with more than 75%of application professional categories.

The above "Report" states that in 2020, the undergraduate graduates of Anhui Province were 168,000, and the top three discipline categories with a large number of graduates were: 62,449 engineering, 30542 management, and 1,4750 literature. Affected by the epidemic, as of August 31, 2020, the first employment rate of fresh graduates was 79.23%. Essence

According to the notice earlier, Anhui Province is currently in an important strategic opportunity period such as the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. Advanced manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, and artificial intelligence industries have a strong development trend and development prospect.

Related measures include adhering to the practical application of industry and enterprises to cultivate talents, using 3 years to optimize the professional structure of the subject, add 1,000 specialties of this specialty, transform and upgrade 800 specialty points of this college, and stop recruiting 1,400 special programs. There are no more than 60 colleges and universities with universities, no more than 50 other undergraduate universities, and no more than 40 colleges and universities in vocational colleges. The first -class professional points of about 720 undergraduates were built, and about 500 high -level high -vocational professional points serving the regional economic and social development.

In addition, the notice required that the subject ratio of the top ten emerging industries reached more than 70%, and the total talent resources reached 2 million. There are more than 350,000 talents. Strive for the graduation rate of Chinese University of Science and Technology and Hefei University of Technology to gradually reach 40%.

Liang Tingfu believes that the changes in the international environment have attracted the attention of talents such as "chip", "microelectronics", "artificial intelligence", and "robot technology". University also increased the investment in high -tech universities to increase investment in funds and teachers, and from from the from At the social level, parents and students will increasingly recognize the views of "learning mathematics and mathematics, and not afraid of traveling all over the world".

"The global economy has declined, plus the impact of the outbreak of the epidemic, and the employment of college graduates is very worried. Such a dilemma will naturally pass and affect college teaching and professional settings." Liang Tingfu said that in recent years It's hot, news media is not popular, and the professionalism of liberal arts category cools down, and the situation of "Lisheng's decline" is increasing.

"In fact, the development of liberal arts is insufficient, the liberal arts have been limited too much, and the independence of the liberal arts itself is insufficient. This is the cause of many social problems in the current society." Chu Zhaohui told China News Weekly that social development does not require liberal arts, such as civilizationThe progress of the rule of law requires more and more excellent liberal arts.Author: Chen Weijing

Edit: Li Zhiquan

Operation editor: Xiao Ran

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