Why does the rate of unemployment in the ages of 16-24 rose to 18.4%?Interview with Yao Kai, a professor at Fudan University

Cover reporter Teng Yan Shao Meng

In the third graduation season since the epidemic, the employment pressure of young people has been further increased.

According to the data released on June 15th, the National Bureau of Statistics showed that the national urban survey rate was 5.9%in May, a decrease of 0.2 percentage points from April. The unemployment rate of the 16-24-year-old population reflecting the employment of youth has risen from 18.2%in April to 18.4%in May. It has reached a new high for two consecutive months in 2018.

The National New Office held a press conference in the National Economic Operations in May. Data show that the unemployment rate of the 16-24-year-old population that reflects the employment of youth rose to 18.4%. Photography Zhang Xin

Yao Kai, a professor at the School of Management of Fudan University and Director of the Global Science and Technology Talent Development Research Center, pointed out in an interview with cover news that rising youth unemployment rates are related to various factors, including structural contradictions and employment information in supply and demand. Factors and so on. He emphasized that the employment of college students is a issue that the whole society must pay attention to, and hopes that colleges, governments, society, and industries will work together to do it together.

How to understand the "18.4%" youth unemployment rate?

A few days ago, Fu Linghui, a spokesman for the National Bureau of Statistics and the Chief Secretary for the Comprehensive Statistics of the National Economic Economic Affairs, used "needs high attention" to remind the current higher young people's unemployment rate.

In fact, the high unemployment rate of young people has not attracted attention for the first time. In April this year, the unemployment rate of the aged 16-24 was climbed to an 18.2%historical high. The data that continued to climb in May made this statistical project a new high for two consecutive months.

From January 2018, the National Bureau of Statistics will regularly announce the unemployment rate of urban survey in the ages of 16-24 years. This group is mainly young people such as college graduates, technical secondary school graduates and middle school graduates. Public information shows that youth unemployment has always been a social problem that countries around the world are concerned. The unemployment rate is higher than the average level of society. The global youth employment trend report of the International Labor Organization has pointed out that the unemployment rate of the youth unemployment is about three times that of the unemployment rate of adults.

What is the international unemployment rate at 18.4%of the youth unemployment rate? According to the Economic Observation Network, Zeng Xiangquan, director of the China Employment Research Institute of Renmin University of China, pointed out that in 2021, the average global unemployment rate was 13.6%, the low was 9%of the North American region, and the high was 30%of North Africa. my country's current youth unemployment rate is not low at the global level, but it is only high.

What factors have pushed the unemployment rate?

Fu Linghui mentioned that the main reason for the high unemployment rate of young people is that under the influence of the epidemic, the production and operation of enterprises is difficult to absorb employment capabilities. At the same time Essence At the same time, this year's university graduates have reached 10.76 million. As the graduation season arrives, it may further increase employment pressure to focus on the labor market.

Yao Kai believes that it is many aspects to promote the unemployment rate of young people. From the perspective of the labor supply side, the number of college graduates this year has a record high, but the increasing labor supply has not synchronized the increase in the demand for labor. From the demand side, some companies in the epidemic have difficulties in production and operation, "especially small and medium -sized Enterprises, and small and medium -sized enterprises are actually the main force to absorb employment, which will have a greater impact on employment. "

Another important change is that the current view of career selection of young people is changing, and civil servants and career editors have once again become a popular choice. The "2022 Chinese University Student Employment Report" released by the Michaels Research Institute shows that graduates have a mentality of choosing a job for stability. Increased, nearly 20 % of fresh graduates were promoted, and the proportion of undergraduates had doubled in five years. "We see that the government and state -owned enterprises have also worked hard to release employment, but the number of positions that can provide in the system is still limited." Yao Kai said that in his opinion, the above situation has exacerbated the structural contradiction between the youth employment market.

The reporter sorted out data from the National Bureau of Statistics and found that since January, the survey of urban surveys in the ages of 16-24 is higher than the same period last year. Yao Kai believes that one of the important reasons for short-term data is that the impact of the epidemic and the labor market "Golden San Yin Four Four Four Four Four Four Four Four Four Four "At the time of time," For example, the time for Shanghai to resume work and re -production is not long, and at this time it is the peak of employment employment employment in college students. I think that if you look at it later, the employment market will digest a part of the labor force, and the unemployment rate should fall to a certain extent. "

Yao Kai also mentioned that employment information asymmetry and ability asymmetry are also an important reason for the rise in the unemployment rate of young people. "The employment information obtained by college students in school has a certain lag and disapproval compared with real social information. At the same time, employers 'understanding of college students' structure, student abilities, and talent training. Asymmetric. "

The talents trained by colleges and universities have a certain misalignment in their ability. "Previously, the demand for employment of some enterprises was relatively large, but the knowledge and skills learned by students in school may not match the requirements of the company's requirements. . In addition, some high -tech industries are short of posture, and many schools may not be able to provide these professional targeted training quickly. "

How to resolve the pressure of youth employment?

Faced with the problems of employment of youth, some regions, universities, and enterprises are taking measures. The reporter noticed that since this year, some regions have promoted school -enterprise work. By organizing colleges and universities to visit enterprises to investigate, docking the needs of corporate talent training, and discussing the cooperation of property and research in schools and enterprises. Yao Kai believes that promoting school -enterprise cooperation can effectively break the information barriers between college students and enterprises, but he also pointed out in recent interviews that the current proportion of school -enterprise cooperation still has the problem of formalization, superficialization, short -term, and discrete problems. It is difficult for enterprises to obtain actual benefits from such cooperation models, so that they are unwilling to invest in the school's lasting cooperation with the school's long -term cooperation with the cost of "cold schools". Yao Kai suggested that colleges and universities should actively explore market -oriented talent training models, excavate the common interests of enterprises, and increase enthusiasm for enterprise participation. On the one hand, in addition to directly providing talents for enterprises, it can also provide continuous educational service support for enterprises, provides entrepreneurial technical talents and excellent engineers with promising opportunities, and establish a customized, refined and professional talent training model. On the other hand, through jointly building a comprehensive training base and a variety of platforms, the exterior school practical resources are introduced into the school, and the practical teaching capabilities of universities are enhanced. At the same time, it can also introduce corporate certification with benchmarking effects, wide market recognition, cross -domain, and multi -technical integration as the basis for student assessment to improve the marketization level of students' evaluation.

In terms of talent training, Yao Kai believes that in order to promote the supply -side reform of talents, we must do a good job of education quality in large and middle schools and increase the degree of professional and market matching. At the same time, schools should strengthen employment counseling, including helping students recognize employment preferences and establish employment values. In addition, the training of students must be more comprehensive, "liberal arts students must add some science students' 'hard' skills, and science and engineering students must add some 'soft' skills."

In addition to colleges and universities, the government and society also need to work. The "Shanghai Municipality Accelerating Economic Recovery and Revitalization Action Plan" released on May 29 proposed that it is necessary to further promote employment through different forms of "subsidies" and enhance workers' skills. In Yao Kai's opinion, increasing training in training through "subsidies" is one of the methods to deal with employment asymmetric problems. "In the future, the government and society must also provide some training resources, including generating some high -quality training institutions, and integrate vocational education and enterprises well to achieve vocational education in enterprises. The pertinence of talents has improved very well. "

"It is also necessary to vigorously enhance the toughness of employment." Yao Kai mentioned that there must be long -term industrial development and employment planning, develop new industries with strong employment tolerance, improve the ability and professionalism of employment services, develop new industries and For employment momentum, enterprises must also have a sense of strategic reserve talent absorption. Using anti -cyclical laws, this year, due to the surge in epidemic and college graduates, the number and quality of the employment supply side will be improved in advance.

"In the long run, the way to solve the problem of employment is still the economic development. Only by the micro -subjects, the posts provided can fundamentally expand." Yao Kai said, "College students' employment is to pay attention to the whole society. The problem, I hope that including colleges, governments, society, and industries.

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